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Small mammals Flashcards

1
Q

mammals

A

vertebrates with an endoskeleton, endothermic, have hair, and can produce milk

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2
Q

lagomorphs

A

rabbits

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3
Q

cottontail rabbits scientific name

A

sylvilagus

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4
Q

rabbit scientific name

A

oryctolagus cuniculus

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5
Q

what makes rabbits different from other small mammals?

A

they have 4 upper incisors: 2 hypsodont teeth and 2 peg teeth behind the 2 full teeth

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6
Q

how many different breeds of rabbits are there?

A

45 breeds

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7
Q

warren

A

a group of wild rabbits that live underground together
there can be up to 50 rabbits

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8
Q

what is the dental formula for rabbits?

A

I2/1, C0/0, PM3/0, M3/3

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9
Q

which types of rabbits have increased dental problems?

A

brachycephalics

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10
Q

what is the most common dental issue seen in rabbits?

A

malocclusion due to not keeping their hypsodont teeth short

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11
Q

rabbit temperament

A

very social and do well in pairs, prey animal

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12
Q

what are some things to consider with housing and husbandry of rabbits?

A

they are heat sensitive, territorial, can be litter trained, can be crepuscular or biphasic feeders

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13
Q

crepuscular feeder

A

eat at dawn and dusk

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14
Q

biphasic feeder

A

eat at midnight and dawn

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15
Q

what are rabbits diet like?

A

pelleted diet with free choice hay
Timothy hay preferred because Alfalfa is higher in calcium
treats: fresh greens, vegetables, fruit

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16
Q

doe

A

female rabbit

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17
Q

buck

A

male rabbit

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18
Q

kindling

A

nursing kits (rabbits)
only nurse 5 minutes a day

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19
Q

what type of ovulators are rabbits?

A

induced ovulators

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20
Q

how are rabbits born?

A

altricial

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21
Q

what type of stomach do rabbits have?

A

monogastric hindgut fermenter

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22
Q

what is something unique with rabbits’ digestive systems?

A

coprophagy of cecotrophs
proximal colon sorts fiber into digestible and indigestible
digestible fiber goes to cecum for processing and everything else is passed as feces
coprophagy: fermented fiber in cecum moves back to colon where it is covered with mucus and passed as cecotrophs
this process allows nutrients to be absorbed especially vitamin B complex

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23
Q

sacculus rotundus

A

dilated part of the terminal end of the ileum, it is formed at the distal end of the ileum which is expanded further to form a small spherical sac
rich in lymphoid tissue which provides immunity

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24
Q

what is the most critical issue in small mammals?

A

gastric stasis or ileus: when animal is anorexic and producing little to no fecal
very painful, potentially fatal
treatment: fluids to check for obstruction, pain meds
causes: malocclusion, hairball blockage, most commonly a lack of hay or fiber

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25
what are some of the most common medical conditions for rabbits?
pastuerella multocida: snuffles torticollis: wry neck psoroptes cuniculi: bacterial condition affecting inner ear and/or neck nerves pododermatitis: bumblefoot digestive diseases: disruption of protective bacteria Lawsonia and Tyzzers usually affect young rabbits
26
what is the anatomy in the rabbit that prevents vomiting?
cardiac sphincter
27
where can you collect a blood sample from on a rabbit?
auricular artery, marginal ear vein, jugular vein
28
which yeast can be commonly found in rabbit feces?
Cyniclomyces auttulatus
29
what is a common appearance of neutrophils in chinchillas?
hypersegmented neutrophils that resemble bands or metamylocytes commonly counted as monocytes by automated analyzers
30
what is a common finding in urinalysis of herbivores?
large amounts of calcium carbonate crystals that cause a purulent appearance
31
rabbit restraint
never restrain by ears scruff while supporting body don't let them kick their back legs out because they can fracture their back (usually L7) midazolam works well for sedation if needed
32
how many toes do guinea pigs have?
4 front toes and 3 hind toes
33
boar
male guinea pig
34
sow
female guinea pig
35
farrowing
nursing guinea pig
36
chinchilla scientific name
chinchilla langier
37
guinea pig gestation
60-65 days
38
guinea pig dental formula
2 (I1/1, C0/0, PM1/1, M3/3)
39
which. vitamin can guinea pigs not synthesize?
vitamin C they lack the liver enzyme to synthesize it needs to be supplemented in diet to prevent scurvy
40
common guinea pig medical conditions
streptococcus: cervical lymphadenitis ("lumps") bordetella bronchiseptica infected grease gland dystocia if > 6 months old due to fused pubic symphysis pregnancy toxemia from obesity and stress anorexia/gut stasis from stress prone to blockages bumblefoot malocclusion
41
what is the blood cell found in guinea pigs?
Kurloff body inclusion in a lymphocyte associated with estrogenic stimulation gives them a good immunological response, natural killer lymphocyte
42
chinchilla lifespan
10-20 years
43
chinchilla gestation
111 days
44
how are guinea pigs and chinchillas born?
precocious
45
chinchilla temperment
nocturnal, solitary
46
what is an important part of husbandry for a chinchilla?
giving them a dust bath rolling in dust helps them get dirt off
47
can you scruff a chinchilla?
no because they will fur slip
48
hamster scientific name
mesocry seetus
49
hamster temperment
some can be friendly but usually not dwarf hamsters are not friendly
50
prairie dogs/groundhogs
North American burrowing rodents illegal in most places to keep as pets
51
hedgehog life span
10 years
52
hedgehog temperment
nocturnal, solitary, don't like bright lights
53
hedgehog diet
insectivore/omnivore cat food supplemented with mealworms, crickets, and small amounts of fruits and vegetables
54
hedgehog handling
patience, will pop/jump with chucking noise when scared/angry, can be scruffed when not rolled into a ball
55
sugar gliders
marsupial from N. Guinea/Australia
56
sugar glider life span
10-12 years
57
sugar glider temperment
nocturnal, arboreal (tree dwelling) bark at night, sensitive to light very social, can become nippy when not handled regularly
58
sugar glider unique anatomy
patagium: gliding member cloaca: common cavity for excretion and reproduction hair comb: 2nd and 3rd digit of hind feet fused opposable thumbs
59
sugar glider scent glands
dominant males mark territory and group members with scent gland secretions which have musky odor chest gland discolored (orange) and may go bald mature male has bald spot on forehead
60
sugar glider diet
opportunistic omnivores eat a wide range of food
61
sugar glider common medical condition
nutritional osteodystrophy secondary hyperparathyroidism that results from an imbalance in dietary calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D CS: hindlimb paralysis, muscle tremors, bone fractures, seizures
62
skunk temperment
nocturnal mustelid very intelligent, curious can be troublemakers and aggressive
63
skunk breeding
can be domestically bred but breeders need a USDA license breeders should have scent glands removed at ~4 weeks to make scent tolerable
64
what is the common respiratory disease guinea pigs can contract from rabbits?
Bordetella bronchiseptica rabbits harbor it naturally
65
what disease can skunks carry?
Baylisascaris zoonotic
66
skunk diet
omnivores difficult, lack of proper diet can lead to obesity and osteodystrophy
67
pot bellied pig temperment
intelligent, playful, clean, manipulative
68
pot bellied pig lifespan
15 years
69
pot bellied pig average weight
90-150 lbs
70
pot bellied pig diet
pelleted diet balanced with grazing watch water intake
71
what is an additional husbandry task in caring for pot bellied pigs?
hoof care
72
ferret scientific name
mustela putoris furo
73
hob
male ferret
74
gib/hobble
neutered male ferret
75
jill
female ferret
76
sprite
spayed ferret
77
kit
young ferret
78
business
group of ferrets
79
ferret lifespan
5-8 years can live up to 12 years
80
ferret temperment
sleep 75% of day very inquisitive, like to steal (ferreting)
81
ferret colors
fitch and sable: darker markings on face like a mask and body albino: white
82
ferret anatomy
no sweat glands- prone to hyperthermia in hot temperatures short intestinal tract: GI transit time 3-4 hours non-retractable claws
83
ferret diet
obligate carnivore need high quality protein, low fiber and fat
84
ferret and dog/cat similarities
similar disease susceptibility can give distemper vaccine- Purevax since they can commonly get anaphylactic vax reactions they can also get rabies vaccine
85
ferret preventatives
mange, fleas, ear mites, heartworm
86
common parasites in ferrets
coccidia
87
ferret restraint
will hang when scruffed and often yawn
88
ferret blood draws
cephalic vein, lateral saphenous, or jugular, anterior vena cava under sedation can use needle hub and HCT tubes if needed, 25/27G syringe
89
common ferret medical conditions
hypoglycemia due to short GI tract, influenza, distemper, Aleutian disease (parvo), epizoonotic catarrheal enteritis (ECE), mast cell tumors, cardiomyopathy, Helicobacter mustelae, myofaciitis
90
ferret neoplasia
lymphoma: usually fatal, 2 forms- 1 in very young ferrets and 1in older ferrets insulinoma: increased insulin production causing depression, usually seen in ferrets > 3 years, CS: lethargy, posterior paresis, syncope, seizures, coma sx with prednisone or other insulin blocker can give a 2 year life expectancy, frequent high protein diets with low sugar can help prevent CS, rub sugary substance on gums in case of a hypoglycemic event
91
ferret adrenal tumors
genetic predisposition maybe caused from inbreeding or spay/neuter disturbing adrenal glands usually on left adrenal gland sx good tx on right gland, it is very close to vena cava CS: alopecia, muscle wasting develops from a lack of melatonin which prevents overproduction of LH and FSH Lupron Depot shots often given with melatonin, 1 month and 4 month types Deslorelin implants: work same as depot shots by desensitizing GRH receptors which impairs production and release of LH and FSH, can last a year
92
guinea pig scientific name
cavia procellus
93
sugar glider scientific name
petaurus breviceps
94
ferret influenza
zoonotic commonly human to ferret
95
ferret distemper
similar CS as dogs: mucopurulent discharge, crusty facial lesions, hardened footpads 100% fatal
96
ferret aleutian disease
parvo seen in wild ferrets
97
ferret ECE
epizoonotic catarrheal enteritis often occurs from a stressor CS: profuse mucoid greenish diarrhea treat for dehydration
98
ferret mast cell tumors
reddish round lesions don't usually metastasize
99
ferret cardiomyopathy
similar to dogs/cats manageable
100
Helicobacter mustelae
seen in ferrets organism similar to H. pylori in humans and NHP stress induced CS tx: antibiotics
101
ferret myofaciitis
emerging disease CS: muscle inflammation, fever, vomiting young ferrets progressive but usually fatal

Zoological medicine (13 decks)

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