why was Richard III defeated?

Question 1

when were the princes locked in the tower of London

Answer 1

16th June

Question 2

how did the princes contribute to Richards downfall

Answer 2

showed testimony to Richards character

richards subjects were willing to believe he killed or ordered their deaths

Question 3

what did the princes in the tower do to the stability of the Richards reign

Answer 3

1483 there was a plot to free the princes from the tower of London whilst Richard was out of London by Edward IV household men e.g. Sir Thomas Boucher

Question 4

who was Henry Tudor

Answer 4

only Lancastrian left with a claim to the throne

he was taken to Brittany by jasper Tudor in 1471

Question 5

how did Henry Richmond become a potential candidate for kingdom

Answer 5

after the disappearance of the princes he became a candidate to be king
Margaret Beaufort and John Morton Bishop of Ely made contact with Elizabeth Woodville and they plotted to marry Henry to Elizabeth of York - eldest daughter of Elizabeth Woodville so supported by Edwards household

Question 6

what was evidence of Richards impulsiveness

Answer 6

the arrest of rivers the execution of Hastings and the final charge at the battle of Bosworth

Question 7

what evidence shows personal relations with the north

Answer 7

planned to build a chantry in York big enough for 100 priests which suggests he planned to be buried there

Question 8

evidence of Richards character in dealing with Elizabeth woodville

Answer 8

worked hard to measure her to come out of sanctuary

christmas 1483 Elizabeth and daughters at court with Richard

Question 9

when Richard had defeated Buckinghams rebellion

Answer 9

those who were left in government Richard was wary of
he used northerners to fill this gaps
97 gentry attended heirs disinherited
40 northern lords benefitted from loss

Question 10

what initially were the men like from the north Richard recruited

Answer 10

originally had connections with the north e.g. Ralph Ashton from Lancashire who had married a woman in Kent
the newcomers were believed to be Richards spies they were resented

Question 11

after the initial men Richard recruited what were the men like he recruited after

Answer 11

weren’t enough men with southern connections so had to import men from Yorkshire
e.g. Marmaduke Constable

Question 12

what did the recruitment of northern lords lead to

Answer 12

1945 support from south gentry

Question 13

which northern lords did Richard have rivalries with

Answer 13

Richard had dominated the north since 1470s - the Stanley family Lord Thomas and Sir William in Lancashire and Cheshire had closed with Richard since 1469 over his support of Stanleys rivals
once king Richard favoured his rivals over the Stanleys
Stanleys wide was henrys mother
- Margaret Beaufort
Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland had hoped to become the leading powerhouse in the north only to find Richard promoted earl of Lincoln - alienated Henry Percy

Question 14

counterargument to Richards dependence on a narrow group

Answer 14

Richard did convince Elizabeth woodville and her daughters to come out of sanctuary and join royal court in Christmas 1483.

Question 15

what small group of supporters did Richard rely on

Answer 15

1484 Catesby Ratcliffe and Lovely
Ratcliffe received a rich haul of lands in Devon
by rewarding his supporters Richard had no land to five returning rebels

Question 16

when did Richards heir died and what did this lead to

Answer 16

march 1485 Anne neville Richards wife died
rumours circulated that he had poisoned here
even northerners distressed by rumours he had killed Anne so they threatened to rise up against him
Richard had to publicly declare he grieved Anne - shows no trust from the public

Question 17

when did Richards only heir die and what did this lead to

Answer 17

died in 1484 = no heir for people to support

Question 18

how did Brittany initial support for Henry change

Answer 18

duke of Brittany began negotiations with Richard to hand over Henry in return for English support against France
Henry fled from Brittany to france to avoid being handed over to Richard

Question 19

what was the reception like in france for Henry

Answer 19

was welcomed as government was concerned Richard was launching an attack to become king of france
Richard had spent 1483-3 pursuing naval attacks on france and scotland they hopes it would distract Richard form launching an invasion
French supplied heart with a. fleet of ships to transport 4000 soldiers

Question 20

what did French support for Henry cause

Answer 20

news of French support caused some people to defect from Richard in 1484 egg, English garrison of hammes castle near Clais

Question 21

when did battke of Bosworth occur

Answer 21

1485

Question 22

how many men did henrys force consist of and who were they

Answer 22

4000 men
all anti Richard alliance members of Edward IV household French and Scots, earl of Oxford and other former Lancastrians
their number grew as they marched from England to Wales with people who were involved in 1483 rebellion
Japser tudor was popular in Wales so gained lots of support

Question 23

who had the larger army

Answer 23

Richard

Question 24

what was Richards upper hand and how did this change

Answer 24

lord Stanleys son was held hostage

richards army looked close to winning until the turning point of Stanleys forced intervening and Richard was killed

Question 25

when did plots start

Answer 25

in the first few weeks of Richards reign

plots to remove Edward IV daughter from sanctuary and rescue the princes by setting fires around London

Question 26

who supported these initial plots

Answer 26

members of Edward IV household showed Richard couldn’t rely on their support

Question 27

what happened in august of the rebellion

Answer 27

a larger rebellion as planned

these rebels looked to Henry Tudor

Question 28

what happened by October 1483

Answer 28

Rebellion had spread across the south

this wa sunusal because of the state son the rebels leading gentry from Cornwall to Kent were involved

Question 29

what motiatived supporters of Buckingham rebellion

Answer 29

motivated by hope of gaining political favour with a new monarch
new candidate for the throne

Question 30

what was the outcome of Buckinghams rebellion

Answer 30

it failed

Question 31

why did Buckingham rebellion fail

Answer 31

coordinating the rebellion across the south of England was difficult and Richard was well prepared - warned by his spies
some rebels didnt join in such as Lionel Woodville

Question 32

when did Buckingham join the rebblion

Answer 32

very late most likely because he expected Richard to be overthrown
his support actually weakened the rebellion because it alienated his rivals Talbot and Stanley as they wanted his lands

Question 33

what happened when Henry approached the coast during the rebellion

Answer 33

buckingham was already executed

Henry sailed back to Brittany with 400 rebels

Question 34

what did the rebellion establish

Answer 34

Henry a a rival to the crown, Christmas 1483 he promised to marry Elizabeth woodville
the flight of the rebels to henrys side gave him core of power supporters who had authorities in their counties that could be called upon after a successful invasion