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A-level Wars of the Roses > Henry VI - background/useful information > Flashcards

Henry VI - background/useful information Flashcards

1
Q

how much wealth did the nobles have

A

nobles made up 3% of the country but had 95% of the wealth

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2
Q

how powerful was the church

A

immensely powerful

top bishops earned £400 compared to peasants who had £2-£3 a year

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3
Q

how much did Henry owe Richard

A

£38,000

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4
Q

how much did the crown income decrease under

A

£120,000 to £45,000

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5
Q

evidence of henrys failures in coastal regions

A

1446 John Cosgrove reported naval and coastal security was neglected

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6
Q

what did henrys illness mean

A

he could not rule with impartiality

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7
Q

what impact did the 100 year war have

A

1338-1452 showed loss of all English lands in France besides calais

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8
Q

when did Henry become kind

A

at 9 months old

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9
Q

what was Henry the 1st English king to do

A

fail to command an army abroad

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10
Q

what did henrys marriage to Anjou mean

A

gave up Maine

dowry of 20,000 was never paid

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11
Q

what did the treaty of tours do

A

1449

gave the French time to regroup

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12
Q

what was the royal debt by 1450

A

£370,000

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13
Q

what happened when Henry asked for more money

A

parliament only granted him half the money he needs in 1449

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14
Q

how did Henry try to save Suffolk

A

by banishing him for 5 years

however the ship was intercepted and Suffolk was executed by the crew of Nicholas of the tower

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15
Q

who was Suffolk

A

lord chamberlain

parts of the ‘evil councillors’

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16
Q

evidence of Suffolks impartiality

A

pastor family knew there was no point bringing their claim against Moleyns as they were in Suffolks faction
had used tax from parliament to pay off royal debt rather than build a war chest - not well received by parliament

17
Q

when was the 1st battle of St Albans

A

1455

18
Q

what happened in St Albans

A

Lancastrians were unprepared so used narrow streets to block yorkist
Warwick’s unorthodox tactics- ordered attacks through gardens to get round street blockades
Yorks won - only 60-70 killed

19
Q

what happened to Henry in St Albans

A

he was shot by an arrow

20
Q

who was killed at St Albans

A

Henry Percy earl of northumberland
somerset was killed at castle inn
lord Clifford

21
Q

what was the impact of those killed at st albans

A

the sons of the deceased swore revengence

Henry beaufort vowed not to rest before york died

22
Q

when was cades rebellion

A

1450

23
Q

how many rebels in cades rebellion

A

46,000 led by jack cade

24
Q

what did cades rebels want

A

wanted fair impartial justice

removal of evil councillor

25
Q

what happened in cades rebellion

A

Henry abandons the capital to leave to the midlands
Anjou stayed and helped by offering a pardoned to those who left
cade was chased and killed in Sussex

26
Q

what was the lawlessness like in Wales

A

1456 Edmund tudor William herbert and walter Devereux, Tudor had tried to take Yorks castle but it was taken back

27
Q

what was the lawlessness like in London

A

1456 Warwick was ambushed on the way to London by exeter and Shrewsbury but he escaped

28
Q

how did Henry act after st albans

A

york protectorate ended in 1456
york was kept as an advisor
helped Warwick become captain of calais

29
Q

what were Margarets actions following St Albans

A

after Henry was incapacitated Anjou saw Henry as her enemy
autumn 1456 balanced control moved to Margaret, men became loyal to her
she distrusted London so moved court to coventry
in 1456 the king joined her at Kenilworth and she tried to get control over him

30
Q

how did Margaret build support

A

new treasurer earl of Shrewsbury
favourable marriages, Henry Stafford to Margaret Beaufort
in september Laurence booth was made keeper of the prove seal

31
Q

what was loveday and when was it

A

loveday 1558
enemies marched hand in hand into st pauls street
huge lack of trust

32
Q

what was the act of accord

A

1460 Henry could stay king but prince Edward would be disinherited and Anjou would be banished
york and his son would success

33
Q

what were the actions of Warwick

A

1456 Warwick was furious the queen was using her control of the exchequer to limit the money sent to calais
resorted to piracy to make ends meet
he attacked foreign trade ships 1458 embarrassing the government

34
Q

what and when was the parliament of devils

A

1459 - 27 Yorkists were issued with acts of attainder

disinherited sentenced to death and sons also disinherited

35
Q

what happened at the battle of blore heath

A

1459, king and queen sent out letters summoning forms to Leicester and council was summoned to conventry- those who didnt attend would be indicted
court offered a pardon to everyone except those to blame for lord audleys death, Yorkists didnt trust this offer
at ludlow Yorkists were outnumbered 3:1
york fled to ireland
york warwicj salisbury and Edward fled to calais

36
Q

what was the battle of north Hampton

A

Warwick salisbury and Edward arrived in Kent with 2000 calais veterans
many rose including Lord Cobham
June 1460
2nd July London opened its gates
Lord Grey of Ruthin Secretly defected
Buckingham Shrewsbury Egremont and Beaumont all died
MOA and Prince Ed fled to Wales
Henry was captured
when york arrived at Westminster he marched up to the throne and placed his hand on it

37
Q

what was the battle of Wakefield

A

dec 1460 MOA refused to accept the act of Accord
york was killed and salisbury was captured
near sandal castle ambushed by large Lancastrian forces while out hunting
york was killed and salisbury was executed

38
Q

what was the battle of mortimers cross

A

Edward intercepted Wiltshires army
Owen tudor was executed
Lancastrians defeated

39
Q

what was the battle of 2nd St Albans

A 
Henry rejoined his wife
rumours of the queens army pillaging 
lord bonville was excited 
Yorkists lost on 17th feb 1461
however Moa didnt enter London

A-level Wars of the Roses (12 decks)

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