Edward IV Flashcards by Izzy Jolliffe

how did luck at barnet mean Edward reclaimed the throne

14th April 1471 thick fog at barnet
confusion between Warwick’s army and earl of Oxford
earl of Oxford army star with stream livery looked similar to Edwards sun with streams

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how did Clarence mean Edward reclaimed the throne

one of Edwards greats gains was his brother duke of Clarence
he had supported Warwick through marriage dissatisfaction and dislike of the woodvilles
defected back to Edward after advice form his mother and sister

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how did Warwick and Lancaster trust mean Edward reclaimed the throne

Margaret of Anjou and Warwick had past enmity
Margaret and prince Edward remained in france as she didnt trust Warwick
Lancastrians didnt trust Warwick so instead of uniting with him they preferred to join Margaret in the south splitting troops in half

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how did support from Burgundy mean Edward reclaimed the throne

december 1470 France supported Burgundy
before this burgundy was hesitant to give support
gave Edward £20,000, ships and facilities
after the attack duke Charles of Burgundy gave Edward supported so he could win the crown back

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how did Henry VI weakness mean Edward reclaimed the throne

when Edward headed to London
Henry accompanied by the archbishop of york paraded around London for support
it was approached with ridicule as he wore an old blue gown appearing weak and old

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how did Edwards duplicity mean Edward reclaimed the throne

initially had 12000 mean
landed on the coast of Yorkshire claiming he only wanted to be the duke of york
wore an ostrich feather of the prince of Wales professing loyalty gaining him entry into york etc
earl of northumberland didnt stop him due to Edwards handlement of his earldom 1470

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Edwards foreign policy in france

Edward wanted to protect calais so in 1471-5 planned his invasion in frnace
Louis XI of France became an emery after helping Anjou and Henry
france had given refuge to jasper and Henry tudor in 1471

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Edwards foreign policy in scotland

before Edward went to war with france he has to ensure scotland wasn’t a threat
in October 1473 he negotiated a treaty with James III
Edward offered 4year old Cecily in marriage to James 6 month old and £20,000 would last until they were 14
1481 treaty broke millitary consequence by Edwards brother Gloucester who captured Edinburgh and the Scottish retreated

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Edwards foreign policy in Brittany and Burgundy

tried to exploit their fear of france
they were reluctant to stir up the French as France was very powerful after 100 year war success
1472 Edward sent 3000 archers to brittant
Francis duke of Burgundy signed a treaty of 8000 men if Edward invaded france

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examples of Edwards rewards

William neville became council member

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examples of Edwards mercy

sir John fortesue pardoned after attainder

sir Richard tundstell loyal to all kings showed political sense as there was no need to execute

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examples of Edwards punishment

sir John pastor failed to answer to royal summons

Edward threatened execution and paston arrived and was thrown in jail

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rebellion Edward faced in kent

Thomas the bastard of fauconburg stirred it up
he failed and was executed
it was supported by pro neville governor of calais

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rebellion Edward faced in Wales

by October 1471 all Lancastrian strongholds in Wales Pembroke and Tenby surrendered
Wales executed Yorkist noble Roger vaunt of tretower

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evidence of Edwards control in Ireland

lord lieutenant was Clarence 1472-78
only 80km English pale near Dublin experienced high authority
Irish families controlled the rest e.g. Kildare

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evidence of Edwards control in midlands and south west

William lord Hastings in control in the midlands
Thomas grey marquis of Dorset in the south west
some local magnates had some control e.g. Stanleys in Cheshire and Percys in northumberland
however this sidelined clarence

what were the jPS

in control of local government
18 per county
acted as judges 4 x a year

Edwards use of parliament

1478 attained clarence
113 acts of attainder in total
mainly used for finance and economy
1472-5 Edward gained taxation of £100k and £50 k from the church

Edwards use of parliament

appointed crown commissioners
trusted JPs
difficult cases were passed to advise

Edwards use of sheriffs

senior judges of assize and commissioners of Over et Terminer controlled work
sidelined by the JPs
communication through written orders Writs

edwards use of regional courts in 1st reign

policies in 1st reign were pursued in the 2nd

1460s entrusted regionals governors like Nevilles in the north

how did Edward change his regional courts in his 2nd reign

governors became more blood related

Edwards council in the north

trusted Richard duke of gloucester
had some success
bassed in york

Edwards council in wales

didnt succeed
attempted in 1471
Anthony earl of rivers
angered William Herbert son forced to give up earldom of Pembroke for less wealthy earldom of Huntingdon

Edwards use of the church

any threat to internal threat or challenge would be interpreted as challenge of god

Edwards use of council

he didnt appoint members just on status such as the duke of Norfolk who was never appointed to the council he did promote those from humble backgrounds such as William parr it might have up to 125 members but in practice relied on 10-15

clarences clash with the woodvilles

Clarence made resentment to Anthony earl of rivers known Edward refused to agree to the match between Clarence and Mary daughter of the duke of Burgundy's after the death of his wife 1476 then looked to the king of scotland but Edward refused that as well in February 1478 Edward executed Clarence

how much money did Edward recieve from france when Anjou was handed over

in January 1476 Margaret handed over to the king of france

how much debt did Edward get from Henry vi

350k but remained solvent

how much did Edward get from custom dues

to prevent fraud and embezzlement annual yield rose from 25k to 35k

how much did Edward get from treaty of picquiny

1475 annual pension of 50,000 gold crowns

how much did Edward recieve from feudal dues

wardship, marriages and livery | £550 p.a.

failure of Edwards finances

failure in changing national tax = only raised 50% of what was expected

how much did Edward get from benevolences

1475 brought in 22k

Edwards change in financial system

changed from exchequer system to the chamber system | increased crown revenue of 70k

Edwards use of custom dues in 1st reign

not much success after started collecting them in 1645 as there was a slump ins estern europe trade

use of livery and maintained in 1st reign

passed a stature on banning retaining

Edwards handling of Gloucester

given all of Warwick's confiscated lands in the west no serious plots between 1471-83 Clarence feared this would mean he'd nor have a claim to warwicks lands as he wanted to marry Anne neville -Edward agreed king brought case infront of kings council Clarence was assured Warwick property king agreed to clarences creation as earl of Warwick and salisbury

Edwards handling of Clarence

Clarence was granted royal appointment at court= office of great chamberlain in may 1472 this meant the man he replaced was Gloucester was given warwicks estates in the south and substantial lands from courtenays in exchange of returning Percy property to the family Clarence resented the favour given to Richard as Edward knew this so granted him the lands of the earldom of Richmond Edwards intervened in the rows in November 1475 where act of resumption was passed both were derived of their lands and weren't rested till 1474