Edward IV Flashcards
how did luck at barnet mean Edward reclaimed the throne
14th April 1471 thick fog at barnet
confusion between Warwick’s army and earl of Oxford
earl of Oxford army star with stream livery looked similar to Edwards sun with streams
how did Clarence mean Edward reclaimed the throne
one of Edwards greats gains was his brother duke of Clarence
he had supported Warwick through marriage dissatisfaction and dislike of the woodvilles
defected back to Edward after advice form his mother and sister
how did Warwick and Lancaster trust mean Edward reclaimed the throne
Margaret of Anjou and Warwick had past enmity
Margaret and prince Edward remained in france as she didnt trust Warwick
Lancastrians didnt trust Warwick so instead of uniting with him they preferred to join Margaret in the south splitting troops in half
how did support from Burgundy mean Edward reclaimed the throne
december 1470 France supported Burgundy
before this burgundy was hesitant to give support
gave Edward £20,000, ships and facilities
after the attack duke Charles of Burgundy gave Edward supported so he could win the crown back
how did Henry VI weakness mean Edward reclaimed the throne
when Edward headed to London
Henry accompanied by the archbishop of york paraded around London for support
it was approached with ridicule as he wore an old blue gown appearing weak and old
how did Edwards duplicity mean Edward reclaimed the throne
initially had 12000 mean
landed on the coast of Yorkshire claiming he only wanted to be the duke of york
wore an ostrich feather of the prince of Wales professing loyalty gaining him entry into york etc
earl of northumberland didnt stop him due to Edwards handlement of his earldom 1470
Edwards foreign policy in france
Edward wanted to protect calais so in 1471-5 planned his invasion in frnace
Louis XI of France became an emery after helping Anjou and Henry
france had given refuge to jasper and Henry tudor in 1471
Edwards foreign policy in scotland
before Edward went to war with france he has to ensure scotland wasn’t a threat
in October 1473 he negotiated a treaty with James III
Edward offered 4year old Cecily in marriage to James 6 month old and £20,000 would last until they were 14
1481 treaty broke millitary consequence by Edwards brother Gloucester who captured Edinburgh and the Scottish retreated
Edwards foreign policy in Brittany and Burgundy
tried to exploit their fear of france
they were reluctant to stir up the French as France was very powerful after 100 year war success
1472 Edward sent 3000 archers to brittant
Francis duke of Burgundy signed a treaty of 8000 men if Edward invaded france
examples of Edwards rewards
William neville became council member
examples of Edwards mercy
sir John fortesue pardoned after attainder
sir Richard tundstell loyal to all kings showed political sense as there was no need to execute
examples of Edwards punishment
sir John pastor failed to answer to royal summons
Edward threatened execution and paston arrived and was thrown in jail
rebellion Edward faced in kent
Thomas the bastard of fauconburg stirred it up
he failed and was executed
it was supported by pro neville governor of calais
rebellion Edward faced in Wales
by October 1471 all Lancastrian strongholds in Wales Pembroke and Tenby surrendered
Wales executed Yorkist noble Roger vaunt of tretower
evidence of Edwards control in Ireland
lord lieutenant was Clarence 1472-78
only 80km English pale near Dublin experienced high authority
Irish families controlled the rest e.g. Kildare
evidence of Edwards control in midlands and south west
William lord Hastings in control in the midlands
Thomas grey marquis of Dorset in the south west
some local magnates had some control e.g. Stanleys in Cheshire and Percys in northumberland
however this sidelined clarence
what were the jPS
in control of local government
18 per county
acted as judges 4 x a year
Edwards use of parliament
1478 attained clarence
113 acts of attainder in total
mainly used for finance and economy
1472-5 Edward gained taxation of £100k and £50 k from the church
Edwards use of parliament
appointed crown commissioners
trusted JPs
difficult cases were passed to advise
Edwards use of sheriffs
senior judges of assize and commissioners of Over et Terminer controlled work
sidelined by the JPs
communication through written orders Writs
edwards use of regional courts in 1st reign
policies in 1st reign were pursued in the 2nd
1460s entrusted regionals governors like Nevilles in the north
how did Edward change his regional courts in his 2nd reign
governors became more blood related
Edwards council in the north
trusted Richard duke of gloucester
had some success
bassed in york
Edwards council in wales
didnt succeed
attempted in 1471
Anthony earl of rivers
angered William Herbert son forced to give up earldom of Pembroke for less wealthy earldom of Huntingdon
Edwards use of the church
any threat to internal threat or challenge would be interpreted as challenge of god
Edwards use of council
he didnt appoint members just on status
such as the duke of Norfolk who was never appointed to the council
he did promote those from humble backgrounds
such as William parr
it might have up to 125 members but in practice relied on 10-15
clarences clash with the woodvilles
Clarence made resentment to Anthony earl of rivers known
Edward refused to agree to the match between Clarence and Mary daughter of the duke of Burgundy’s after the death of his wife 1476
then looked to the king of scotland but Edward refused that as well
in February 1478 Edward executed Clarence
how much money did Edward recieve from france when Anjou was handed over
in January 1476 Margaret handed over to the king of france
how much debt did Edward get from Henry vi
350k but remained solvent
how much did Edward get from custom dues
to prevent fraud and embezzlement annual yield rose from 25k to 35k
how much did Edward get from treaty of picquiny
1475 annual pension of 50,000 gold crowns
how much did Edward recieve from feudal dues
wardship, marriages and livery
£550 p.a.
failure of Edwards finances
failure in changing national tax = only raised 50% of what was expected
how much did Edward get from benevolences
1475 brought in 22k
Edwards change in financial system
changed from exchequer system to the chamber system
increased crown revenue of 70k
Edwards use of custom dues in 1st reign
not much success after started collecting them in 1645 as there was a slump ins estern europe trade
use of livery and maintained in 1st reign
passed a stature on banning retaining
Edwards handling of Gloucester
given all of Warwick’s confiscated lands in the west
no serious plots between 1471-83
Clarence feared this would mean he’d nor have a claim to warwicks lands as he wanted to marry Anne neville -Edward agreed
king brought case infront of kings council Clarence was assured Warwick property
king agreed to clarences creation as earl of Warwick and salisbury
Edwards handling of Clarence
Clarence was granted royal appointment at court= office of great chamberlain in may 1472
this meant the man he replaced was Gloucester
was given warwicks estates in the south and substantial lands from courtenays in exchange of returning Percy property to the family
Clarence resented the favour given to Richard
as Edward knew this so granted him the lands of the earldom of Richmond
Edwards intervened in the rows in November 1475 where act of resumption was passed both were derived of their lands and weren’t rested till 1474
