Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patient Care III > Why Quitting is Difficult > Flashcards

Why Quitting is Difficult Flashcards

1
Q

What is nicotine?

A

An alkaloid that is contained in the leaves of plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nicotine is distributed quickly thorugh the bloodstream and crosses the…

A

blood-brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nicotine reaches the brain within ____ seconds with inhalation

A

8-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Elimination half-life of nicotine is around __ hours

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nicotine is metabolized in the…

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the effect of nicotine?

A
  • Stimulates adrenal glands
  • Increased heart rate, breathing activity, and blood pressure
  • Pancreas produces less insulin - causing increased blood sugar
  • Dopamine released
  • Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine released – concentration and memory
  • Increased levels of beta-endorphin – reducing anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does increased levels of beta-endorphin do?

A

reduces anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The amount of nicotine absorbed by the body from smoking depends on:

A
  • type of tobacco
  • whether the smoke is inhaled
  • whether a filter is used
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amount released into the body tends to be much greater in ___________ tobacco

A

smokeless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Research indicates development of brain continues to occur until the age of ____

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nicotine changes the way ________ are formed

A

synapses

  • can harm the parts of the brain that control attention and learning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The nicotine in e-cigarettes and other tobacco products can also prime the adolescent brain for…

A

addiction to other drugs such as cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does nicotine impact youth/young adults?

A
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Mood disorders
  • Addiction
  • Difficulty paying attention
  • Reduced impulse control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does the nicotine dependence cycle happen?

A

use of nicotine -> stimulates dopamine release -> causes pleasurable feeling -> repeated use of nicotine -> tolerance develops -> cycle starts over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does nicotine tolerance develop?

A

Body will create more nicotine receptor sites over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the physiological part of tobacco dependence?

A

The addiction to nicotine

Use medications for cessation as the treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the behavioral part of tobacco dependence?

A

Start a behavior change program

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_________ should address the physiological and the behavioral aspects of dependence

A

Treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the symptoms of withdrawal?

A
  • Dizziness; 1-2 days
  • Cravings for tobacco; first 2-3 days
  • Chest tightness; few days
  • Cough, dry throat; few days
  • Difficulty concentrating; few days
  • Insomnia; 1 week
  • Constipation, stomach pain; 1-2 weeks
  • Depressed mood, irritable; 1-4 weeks
  • Fatigue; 2-4 weeks
  • Hunger; several weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the benefits from quitting smoking for 20 minutes?

A

Blood pressure returns to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the benefits from quitting smoking for 8 hours?

A

Normal oxygen blood level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the benefits from quitting smoking for 24 hours?

A

Carbon monoxide eliminated from lungs – start to clear mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the benefits from quitting smoking for 48 hours?

A
  • Nicotine is eliminated
  • Smell and taste improve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the benefits from quitting smoking for 3 days?

A
  • Lung capacity begins to improve
  • Breathing become easier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the benefits from quitting smoking for 2-12 months?

A

Circulation improves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the benefits from quitting smoking for 5 years?

A

Risk of lung cancer decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the benefits from quitting smoking for 10-15 years?

A

Reduced risk of other cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Benefits of quitting smokeless tobacco…

A

Decreased risk for:
* oral, head and neck cancer
* tooth decay
* progression of gum recession
* high cholesterol
* high blood pressure
* heart attack or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are some of the assistance in cessation products?

A
  • nicotine transdermal patches (23%)
  • nicotine gum and lozenges (27%)
  • non-nicotine vareniciline (22-24%)
  • non-nicotine zyban (16%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do we ask someone who is smoking?

A
  • ASK about tobacco USE
  • ADVISE tobacco users to QUIT
  • ASSESS READINESS to make a quit attempt
  • ASSIST with the QUIT ATTEMPT
  • ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do you ask about tobacco use?

A

◼ “Do you ever smoke or use any type of tobacco?”
◼ “Do you use any form of e-cigarette or vaping device?”
◼ “Do you, or does someone in your household smoke?”

If yes to these quesions…ask about the amount per day and for how long they have been smoking (access risk for lung cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What advice can you give to tobacco users to quit?

A

◼ “I realize that quitting is difficult. I am happy to work with you to design a specialized treatment plan for cessation when you are ready.”
◼ Best results if you can personalize this and be open, non-judgmental

clear, strong, personalized

33
Q

What are the options for assisting with the quit attempt?

A

◼ Not ready to quit: provide motivation
◼ Ready to quit: design a treatment plan
◼ Recently quit: relapse prevention

34
Q

What are the transtheoretical change model/stages of change?

35
Q

What is the estimated quit rate for 0-1 sessions of follow-up care?

36
Q

What is the estimated quit rate for 2-3 sessions of follow-up care?

37
Q

What is the estimated quit rate for 4-8 sessions of follow-up care?

38
Q

What is the estimated quit rate for more than 8 sessions of follow-up care?

39
Q

What is the pre-contemplation stage of the transtheoretical change method?

A

No intention to change

40
Q

What is the contemplation stage of the transtheoretical change method?

A

Aware problem exists but no commitment to action

41
Q

What is the preparation stage of the transtheoretical change method?

A

Intent on taking action to address the problem

42
Q

What is the action stage of the transtheoretical change method?

A

Active modification of behavior

43
Q

What is the maintenance stage of the transtheoretical change method?

A

Sustained change, new behavior replaces old

44
Q

What is the termination stage of the transtheoretical change method?

A

Not falling back into previous behavior

45
Q

What is the relapse stage of the transtheoretical change method?

A

Falling back into previous behavior patterns

46
Q

What are the cessation options?

A
  • Cold Turkey (no additional help)
  • Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT’s)*
  • Medications*
  • Behavioral Therapy
  • Combination Therapy
  • Hypnotherapy – Reveri app
  • Acupuncture
  • Yoga, meditation
  • Herbs
47
Q

T/F: all tobacco users can benefit from pharmacotherapy

A

Yes (check patient history)

48
Q

Check with a physician if the patient has… before starting pharmacotherapy

A
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Insulin-dependent diabetes
  • Active peptic ulcer
  • Anti-depressant medications
49
Q

Bupropion SR (zyban) has _____ mg sustained release tablet

50
Q

When should you begin taking bupropion SR (zyban)?

A
  • Begin taking 1 week prior to quitting
  • Double dose after 3 days
51
Q

What are the advantages of bupropion SR (zyban)?

A
  • Easy to use
  • Can be used with Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
52
Q

What are the adverse effects of bupropion SR (zyban)?

A
  • Insomnia
  • dry mouth
  • nervousness/difficulty concentrating
  • rash
  • constipation
  • seizures
53
Q

How do you write a zyban (bupropion SR) prescription?

A

Rx: Zyban Starter Pack
Disp: 1 (one) package
Sig: Take as directed
0 refills

Rx: Zyban Maintenance Pack
Disp: 1 (one) package
Sig: Take as directed
2 refills

54
Q

Varenicline comes in what mg tablets?

A

0.5 mg and 1.0 mg tablet

55
Q

How should your patient take the Varenicline?

A
  • Days 1-3: take one 0.5 mg tablet in the AM
  • Days 4-7: take 0.5 mg tablet twice daily
  • Weeks 2-12: take 1.0 mg tablet twice daily
56
Q

What are the advantages of Varenicline?

A

Easy to use and offers a new mechanism of action for patients who have failed with other agents

57
Q

What are the adverse effects of Varenicline?

A
  • Nausea, insomnia, vivid dreams, constipation, & vomiting
  • Neuropsychiatric symptoms
    — behavior changes
    — agitation
    — depressed mood
    — suicidal ideation or behavior
58
Q

Is varenicline approved for use with other Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?

59
Q

How do you write a prescription for Varenicline?

A

Varenicline Starting Month/Pack
Disp: 1 (one) package
Sig: Take as Directed
0 Refills

Varenicline Continuing Month/Pack
Disp: 1 (one) package
Sig: Take as Directed
2 refills

60
Q

How many mg are the Gum (nicorette, zonnic)?

A

2 mg (smoke < 25 cig/day)
4 mg (smoke ≥ 25 cig/day)

61
Q

How should your patient take the Gum (nicorette, zonnic)?

A
  • Week 1-6: 1 piece every 1-2 hours
  • Week 7-9: 1 piece every 2-4 hours
  • Week 10-12: 1 piece every 4-8 hours
  • Max of 24 pieces per day. No food or beverage 15 min before or during use
62
Q

What are the advantages of Gum (nicorette, zonnic)?

A

May delay weight gain and satisfy oral cravings

63
Q

What are the adverse effects of Gum (nicorette, zonnic)?

A
  • Mouth/jaw soreness
  • hiccups
  • dyspepsia
64
Q

How many mg are the lozenge (nicorette, zonnic)?

A

2 mg (smoke > 30 min after waking)
4 mg (smoke ≤ 30 min after waking)

65
Q

How should your patient take the lozenge (nicorette, zonnic)?

A
  • Week 1-6: 1 lozenge every 1-2 hours
  • Week 7-9: 1 lozenge every 2-4 hours
  • Week 10-12: 1 lozenge every 4-8 hours
  • Max. of 20 lozenges/day. No food or beverage 15 min. before or during use. Do not chew or swallow lozenge
66
Q

What are the advantages of lozenge (nicorette, zonnic)?

A

May delay weight gain and satisfy oral cravings

67
Q

What are the adverse effects of lozenge (nicorette, zonnic)?

A
  • Nausea
  • hiccups
  • -cough
  • heartburn
  • headache
  • insomnia
68
Q

How many mg are the transdermal patch (nicoderm CQ)?

A

7 mg, 14 mg, 21 mg (24-hour release)**

less than 10 cigarettes/day
- 14 mg/day for 6 weeks
- 7 mg/day for 2 weeks

more than 10 cigarettes/day
- 21 mg/day for 6 weeks
- 14 mg/day for 2 weeks
- 7 mg/day for 2 weeks

69
Q

What are the advantages of the transdermal patch (nicoderm CQ)?

A

Provides consistent Nicotine for 24 hrs, easy to use

70
Q

What are the adverse effects of the transdermal patch (nicoderm CQ)?

A
  • Local skin reaction
  • headache
  • insomnia
  • vivid dreams
71
Q

How many mg are the nasal spray (nicotrol NS)?

A

0.5 mg metered spray per 50 mcL

72
Q

How should your patient use nasal spray (nicotrol NS)?

A
  • 1-2 doses per hour
    — 8-40 doses/day
    —Maximum 5 doses/hr
  • One dose = 2 sprays (1 per nostril)
73
Q

What are the advantages of nasal spray (nicotrol NS)?

A

Patients can titrate therapy to help with withdrawal

74
Q

What are the adverse effects of nasal spray (nicotrol NS)?

A
  • Nasal/throat irritation
  • rhinitis
  • tearing
  • sneezing
  • headache
  • cough
75
Q

How many mg are the oral inhaler (nicotrol)?

A

10 mg cartridge – delivers 4 mg inhaled nicotine vapor

76
Q

How should your patient use the oral inhaler (nicotrol)?

A
  • 6-16 cartridges/day
  • Begin with 1 cartridge every 1-2 hours
    — Best effects with continuous puffing for 20 min.
77
Q

What are the advantages of the oral inhaler (nicotrol)?

A

Patients can titrate amount to manage withdrawal and mimics hand-to-mouth ritual

78
Q

What are the adverse effects of the oral inhaler (nicotrol)?

A
  • Mouth/throat irritation
  • cough
  • headache
  • rhinitis
  • dyspepsia
79
Q

UMKC has a ___________ Program that is free for patients wanting to participate

A

Tobacco Cessation

Patient Care III (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions