Dentifrices Flashcards
Patient presents to your office….what do you potentially suspect?
- could be a sensitivity reaction to a toothpaste
What are the components of dentifrices?
- Fluoride
- Abrasive
- Humectant
- Binder
- Surfactant
- Flavoring Agent
- Sweeteners
What are abrasive agents in dentifrices?
- silicas
- carbonates
- phosphates
What are polishing agents in dentifrices?
- aluminum
- calcium
- tin
What are humectants in dentifrices?
- sorbitol
- manitol
- glycerin
- propylene glycol
What is the job of the humectants in dentifrices?
- Maintain moisture
- Prevent evaporation/hardening
- Increase shelf life
What are binders in dentifrices?
- natural gums (seaweed extracts)
- synthetic (cellulose)
What is the job of binders in dentifrices?
- Thickening Agent
- Stabilizes (Prevents solids from settling out)
What is the required of flavoring agents in dentifrices?
▪Pleasant
▪Immediate
▪Long lasting
What are the synthetic options for flavoring agents in dentifrices?
▪Mint options
▪Cinnamon
▪Vanilla
▪Citrus
What essential oils are used as flavoring agents in dentifrices?
▪Thymol
▪Menthol
▪Eucalyptol
▪Methyl Salicylate
What are the non-cariogenic sweetening agents in dentifrices?
-Saccharin
-Cyclamate
-Sorbitol*
-Mannitol*
-Glycerin*
-Xylitol
*Agents that serve as humectants
What are the properties of detergents or surfactants (foaming agents) in dentifrices?
▪ Stable/compatible
▪ Some antibacterial properties
▪ Flavor easy to mask
▪ Low surface tension
What is the most common surfactant (foaming agent) in dentifrices?
sodium lauryl sulfate
- products are available without SLS
What are the categories of toothpaste?
- therapeutic options
- other
What are the therapeutic options for toothpaste?
▪ Anti-caries
▪ Anti-gingivitis
▪ Anti-hypersensitivity
What are other options of toothpaste that are not therapuetic?
▪ Baking Soda
▪ Hydroxyapatite
▪ Anti-calculus
▪ Whitening
▪ Natural
What does the ADA accepted toothpastes contain in terms of fluoride?
All ADA Accepted toothpastes contain Fluoride
What does the ADA accepted toothpastes contain in terms of sugar?
No ADA Accepted toothpaste contains sugar
What do therapeutic anti-caries toothpastes contain?
▪ Fluoride
— Sodium fluoride (NaF) - 0.22% at 1,000 ppm
— Sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) – 0.76% at 1,000 ppm
— Stannous fluoride (SnF2) – 0.4% at 1,000 ppm
▪ Most OTC toothpastes are 1,000 ppm
Most over the counter toothpastes contain how much fluoride?
1,000 ppm
What do therapeutic anti-gingivitis toothpastes contain?
Stannous Fluoride
What does stannous fluoride have reported activity against?
▪ Caries
▪ Plaque (Antimicrobial)
▪ Gingivitis (Gingival bleeding)
▪ Calculus control
▪ Sensitivity
What do therapeutic anti-hypersensitivity toothpastes contain?
▪ Potassium Nitrate
— Penetrates through the length of dentinal tubules
— depolarizes sensory nerve endings
▪ Stannous Fluoride
— Blocking of exposed dentinal tubules
Do anti-hypersensitivity toothpastes have the ADA seal?
yes
What do baking soda toothpastes contain?
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Silicate
- Fluoride
Baking soda toothpastes are _________ effective than regular toothpaste
no more
Can baking soda toothpastes have the ADA seal?
Yes, but not due to baking soda effects
What are the characteristics of toothpastes with hydroxyapatite?
- Newer ingredient
- Lab generated
- Non-toxic
- Biocompatible
- May be used in conjunction with fluoride
- Often paired with xylitol
What is the mode of action of anti-calculus dentifrices?
▪ Crystalline growth inhibitors interrupt process of mineralization
▪ Soluble pyrophosphates
Can anti-calculus dentifrices have the ADA seal?
Yes, but not awarded for anti-calculus claim
How do whitening toothpastes control stain?
- Physical Methods
- Chemical Mechanisms
What are the physical methods of whitening toothpaste?
- Abrasives
—Hydrated silica
—Titanium dioxide
—Activated charcoal
What are the chemical methods of whitening toothpaste?
- Surface active agents or bleaching/oxidizing
agents
—Hydrogen peroxide
—Carbamide peroxide
What is the active ingredient of anti-calculus dentifrices?
Soluble pyrophosphates
