Why did Philip not end Dutch Revolt? Flashcards
what are the factors for the success of the Dutch revolt?
- mistakes of Philip
- foreign support
- dutch determination
- finances
after what year did Philip not visit LC?
1558
when did Philip send in Alba? why was it bad?
- sent in duke of alba w/ 10,000 troops
- alba’s aggressive tactic alienated grandees
- Margaret had been quickly managing to restore order
what did alba set up between 1567-73?
- council of troubles
- sentenced over 1100 to death
- inc. counts of egremont and hornes
who did Philip replace alba with?
1573 replaced alba with requesens as governor
what instructions did Philip give to requesens?
- ordered him not to back down on religion and power of Philip
- made it nearly an impossible task to govern
what was the situation like in LC in 1585?
Parma had nearly won revolt
what did Philip order parma to do in 1585?
- take 30,000 men to cast for armada
- dutch attacked whilst troops gone and allowed them to regroup
what did Philip order parma to do in 1590?
sent parma to france to capture paris
how did sending parma to France affect the revolt?
- allowed Maurice of Nassau to retake lands
- breda in 1590, Zutphen and Deventer in 1591
- money for Dutch troops spent on French campaign
who were kicked out of England in 1572?
‘sea beggars’ - group of protestant pirates
how were sea beggars important in the revolt?
- fought for rebels
- 1572 captured ports of flushing and brill
- meant Spanish couldn’t get supplies
- became base for patriotic resistance to spain
how many troops did the French send into LC?
6000 troops
what did duke of Anjou do in 1581-83?
invaded with 17,000 men
when was the treaty of nonsuch?
1585
what were the details of the treaty on nonsuch?
- england agreed to support dutch rebels
- provided £126,000 and 6000 men under command of earl of Leicester
what allowed dutch to hold out against Spanish for months?
modern dutch fortifications
why were dutch wealthy?
through trade - had economic means to carry on war for a long time
what years was William of orange leader?
1566-84
what was William of orange’s main skill?
holding together many different groups such as conservative aristocrats with religious fanatics
what did William of orange do in 1572?
when it seemed revolt may be crushed he went back to holland vowing he would make it his tomb if necessary
who was leader after William of orange?
Maurice of nassau - great general
how did Nassau structure the rebel army?
divided army into smaller/speedier units and launched guerrilla warfare
what was a factor in much of Nassau’s success?
failings of Spain’s finances and parma having to fight the french
what alba attempt to introduce in LC?
- tenth penny - 10% sales tax like alcabala
- in order to pay for army to revolt
- opposition was universal
- led to more intense level of revolt
by 1572, how much was Philip spending on revolt?
500,000 ducats/month
by dec 1572, how much did alba owe his troops?
20 month wages
why were Philip’s finances already weak by 1572?
- bankrupt 2x already (1557+60)
- just spent 1.1m ducats at lepanto
what did poor finances lead to?
soldiers revolting - which escalated the revolt
when was the Spanish fury?
4 nov 1576
what was the Spanish fury?
- Spanish troops caused carnage in Antwerp
- lasted 3 days and 8000 civilian deaths
what did Spanish fury lead to?
- pacification of Ghent - 8 nov 1576
- all Dutch provinces joined together against Philip
what can finances lead back to?
Philip - who failed to provide adequate resources
