Why did Philip not end Dutch Revolt?

Question 1

what are the factors for the success of the Dutch revolt?

Answer 1

• mistakes of Philip
• foreign support
• dutch determination
• finances

Question 2

after what year did Philip not visit LC?

Answer 2

1558

Question 3

when did Philip send in Alba? why was it bad?

Answer 3

• sent in duke of alba w/ 10,000 troops
• alba’s aggressive tactic alienated grandees
• Margaret had been quickly managing to restore order

Question 4

what did alba set up between 1567-73?

Answer 4

• council of troubles
• sentenced over 1100 to death
• inc. counts of egremont and hornes

Question 5

who did Philip replace alba with?

Answer 5

1573 replaced alba with requesens as governor

Question 6

what instructions did Philip give to requesens?

Answer 6

• ordered him not to back down on religion and power of Philip
• made it nearly an impossible task to govern

Question 7

what was the situation like in LC in 1585?

Answer 7

Parma had nearly won revolt

Question 8

what did Philip order parma to do in 1585?

Answer 8

• take 30,000 men to cast for armada

- dutch attacked whilst troops gone and allowed them to regroup

Question 9

what did Philip order parma to do in 1590?

Answer 9

sent parma to france to capture paris

Question 10

how did sending parma to France affect the revolt?

Answer 10

• allowed Maurice of Nassau to retake lands
• breda in 1590, Zutphen and Deventer in 1591
• money for Dutch troops spent on French campaign

Question 11

who were kicked out of England in 1572?

Answer 11

‘sea beggars’ - group of protestant pirates

Question 12

how were sea beggars important in the revolt?

Answer 12

• fought for rebels
• 1572 captured ports of flushing and brill
• meant Spanish couldn’t get supplies
• became base for patriotic resistance to spain

Question 13

how many troops did the French send into LC?

Answer 13

6000 troops

Question 14

what did duke of Anjou do in 1581-83?

Answer 14

invaded with 17,000 men

Question 15

when was the treaty of nonsuch?

Answer 15

1585

Question 16

what were the details of the treaty on nonsuch?

Answer 16

• england agreed to support dutch rebels

- provided £126,000 and 6000 men under command of earl of Leicester

Question 17

what allowed dutch to hold out against Spanish for months?

Answer 17

modern dutch fortifications

Question 18

why were dutch wealthy?

Answer 18

through trade - had economic means to carry on war for a long time

Question 19

what years was William of orange leader?

Answer 19

1566-84

Question 20

what was William of orange’s main skill?

Answer 20

holding together many different groups such as conservative aristocrats with religious fanatics

Question 21

what did William of orange do in 1572?

Answer 21

when it seemed revolt may be crushed he went back to holland vowing he would make it his tomb if necessary

Question 22

who was leader after William of orange?

Answer 22

Maurice of nassau - great general

Question 23

how did Nassau structure the rebel army?

Answer 23

divided army into smaller/speedier units and launched guerrilla warfare

Question 24

what was a factor in much of Nassau’s success?

Answer 24

failings of Spain’s finances and parma having to fight the french

Question 25

what alba attempt to introduce in LC?

Answer 25

• tenth penny - 10% sales tax like alcabala
• in order to pay for army to revolt
• opposition was universal
• led to more intense level of revolt

Question 26

by 1572, how much was Philip spending on revolt?

Answer 26

500,000 ducats/month

Question 27

by dec 1572, how much did alba owe his troops?

Answer 27

20 month wages

Question 28

why were Philip’s finances already weak by 1572?

Answer 28

• bankrupt 2x already (1557+60)

- just spent 1.1m ducats at lepanto

Question 29

what did poor finances lead to?

Answer 29

soldiers revolting - which escalated the revolt

Question 30

when was the Spanish fury?

Answer 30

4 nov 1576

Question 31

what was the Spanish fury?

Answer 31

• Spanish troops caused carnage in Antwerp

- lasted 3 days and 8000 civilian deaths

Question 32

what did Spanish fury lead to?

Answer 32

• pacification of Ghent - 8 nov 1576

- all Dutch provinces joined together against Philip

Question 33

what can finances lead back to?

Answer 33

Philip - who failed to provide adequate resources