Philip Religion Flashcards
did Philip’s Morisco policy show him as religiously motivated?
yes
what agreement did Philip not renew?
1526 agreement to exempt Moriscos from investigation by the inquisition
what were Philip’s 1560 policies against Moriscos?
- attacked arabic culture
- prohibited islamic dress
- 1567 enforcement of decrees banning islamic practices and customs
- no longer tolerance to continuation of islamic practices
what were the dates of the morisco revolt?
dec 1568 - 1570
what happened to Moriscos after the revolt?
- spread across Spain
- over 100,000 deported
did Philip’s church taxation show him as religiously motivated?
no
how did church taxation increase over reign?
quadrupled
church taxation represented what percentage of Philip’s income?
20%
what % of church income did Philip tax?
50%
how much did three graces bring in?
1.4m ducats/year
when was the cruzada tax granted?
in 1484 for war w/ muslims - Philip continued carry it out
what was Philip’s money spent on?
- wars - not religious
- annexing Portugal in 1580
- 1588 armada not religious
how did Philip have erastian control?
dominated church - appointed all bishops and archbishops
what did he use his erastian control to do ?
tax church heavily
how long did Philip refuse to introduce Tridentine decrees?
6 months
what did Philip do w/ ABT during caranza affair (1559-76)?
Philip took its income
what did Philip ignore in 1567?
pius V ban on bull fighting
what was there supposed to be a clear differentiation between?
church courts and normal - Philip constantly reaffirmed church men in normal courts
what did Philip tell church courts to ignore in 1572?
orders from Pope - he refused to allow appeal from Rome
where did Philip have a monastery ?
in el Escorial
how often did Philip go to mass?
daily
what did Philip do during easter?
retreated to monastery for a week
give an example of a shrine he personally endowed?
- virgin of the pillar in saragossa
- shrine of our lady of Atocha
how often did Philip support inquisition?
at all times - sign of a good catholic
give two examples of Philip using the IQ for political purposes?
- caranza affair
- arrest of perez
who was caranza, who was he arrested by and why?
- he was ABT
- arrested by Valdes (IG)
- Valdes jealous of Carranza’s successful carrer
why was pope Pius v unhappy with arrest of caranza?
he was a devout AB
what did the papacy order Philip to do with Caranza?
release caranza - Philip refused for 7 years
what did Philip allow in 1566?
- allowed caranza to go to Rome to be tried by papa courts
- Philip sent spanish lawyers and managed to delay the trial
- only sent caranza as he threatened to stop Cruzada tax
was caranza found guilty?
- 1576 found guilty but not of heresy
- guilty of 16 ‘highly suspect’
what does the caranza affair show?
political power struggle between Philip and pope - not religiously motivated
when did Philip arrest Perez?
may 1591
what did Philip argue w/ papacy about generally?
foreign policy
what did sixtus v argue in 1589?
his FP was for power and security of Spain - not religious
from when did popes want Philip to invade England and why?
1559 as from then Elizabeth I was clearly a protestant
-jan 1559 - religious settlement
what did Pius IV want to do in 1561+1563?
excommunicate Elizabeth I - Philip stopped her from being excommunicated
what did pius V do in 1570 and what did Philip do?
Excommunicated Elizabeth - philip refused to have the papul bill published in Spain
why did Philip support England?
- wanted strong alliance between eng+spain to help against France
- politically not religiously motivated - ally w/ protestants to fight catholics
what finally made Philip attack England?
- 1585 treat on nonsuch - Elizabeth to send men and army to help dutch
- armada not religiously motivated
which pope was violently anti-spanish?
Paul IV
what happened in 1593? (France)
- Henry of Navarre (Henry IV) converted back to Catholicism
- clement VIII recognised him as catholic king of France
did Philip stop fighting in France after 1593?
- No
- he wanted his daughter to be queen of France
what did papacy want Philip to do after battle of lepanto?
launch crusade to capture Jerusalem
what did Philip do w/ turks in 1578?
- signed a peace treaty - Philip happy that Turkish fleet no longer threat in Med
- pope Gregory XIII massively annoyed - threatened to stop cruzada
- only wanted to protect catholicism in his empire
what were the aims of the tridentine decrees?
- tradition stressed by decrees
- role of bishops strengthened
- priests were to
how were the decrees successful?
- strong emphasis on increasing power and efficiency of bishops
- greater degree of uniformity
- increase in understanding
how did the decrees create a strong emphasis on increasing power and efficiency of bishops?
- 6 new bishoprics in Aragon
- Burgos upgraded to archbishopric in 1572
- Valladolid made bishopric in 1595
how did the decrees create a greater decree of unity
- Foundation of 12 Franciscan convents in La Mancha, 17 monasteries in Madrid
- over 80 discalced houses all over Spain after new order of discalced Carmelites founded by teresa of avian in 1562
how did decrees increase understanding?
- Inquisition records show, in toledo:
- 1555 - 40% could recite lord’s prayer
- 1600 - 82%
how were decrees a failure?
- Much opposition from clergy and laity
- Vast areas people stayed loyal to local customs
- Philip had lawyers check decrees
- Some outstanding bishops, but thinly spread across Spain
what was the opposition from clergy to the decrees?
- Powerful cathedral chapters resented the new powers bishops had over them
- Too few seminaries set up - only 20
how did Vast areas people stayed loyal to local customs?
- saints, procession and carnivals and recited orders refused to ban them
- Inquisition records in 1590s still full of numerous complaints against poor christian understanding
what did Philip have his lawyers do to the decrees?
- check decrees
- ratified by pope jan 1564
- issued by Philip on 12 July
in what years were several groups of protestants found?
1557-58 and 1559-62
where were protestants found?
burgos, seville, Valladolid and Salamanca
when were there 2 autos de fe in Valladolid?
may and October 1559
how many autos de fe were there in seville and Valladolid? how many people were persecuted and died?
- 6 autos de fe
- 278 persecuted
- 77 put to death
by that year had Protestantism effectively been eradicated?
1562
why was Philip worried about calvinism?
due to growth of French calvinism
what did Philip order the viceroy of Catalonia to do in 1560?
monitor the borders
what did Philip order the new viceroy of Catalonia to do in 1564?
new viceroy in 1564 ordered to improve frontier fortifications
what did the French ambassador warn in 1565?
calvinist Geneva was planning to flood Spain with heretical books
what did a September 1588 royal edict decree?
importing books without a license was punishable by death
when was the first Spanish index of books listed ? what did it include?
- august 1559
- 670 works banned
- including 14 editions of bible
how many books were listed on the Spanish index of books by 1580?
2500
what ban was introduced in November 1559?
ban on students at foreign unis
when were jesuits founded?
1534 by Ignatius Loyola
who were the jesuits? what did they do?
catholic missionaries that went around preaching and trying to improve the standard of Catholicism
who did jesuits did especially good work with?
Strengthening belief of nobles and upper classes
who became the 3rd general of Jesuits?
Francisco borja (duke of gandia
how did Jesuit do good work with common people?
Pedro de león worked all over Andalusia and extremadura strengthening Catholicism of peasants
why did Philip fully support the jesuits in 1560/70s?
they were under Spanish leadership
in 1558, what % of jesuits were spanish?
70%
in what year did jesuits pass into foreign leadership?
1573 - mercurian then aquaviva
why was Philip unhappy with jesuits becoming more foreign?
thought they might be more loyal to pope than him
what was Philip doing with jesuits during 1580s?
battling jesuits with popes
what did Philip do in 1587 with jesuits? was it successful?
- obtained pope’s approval for the appointment for the Spanish bishop of cartegna to carry out visitations of Spanish jesuits in order to remove them from papal obedience and control
- attempted failed and 1588 aquaviva convinced pope to suspend the action
what was found in every important town? (regarding jesuits)
jesuit colleges, preaching and missions
