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Philip II > FP: Agressive or Defensive? > Flashcards

FP: Agressive or Defensive? Flashcards

1
Q

how did policy towards ottomans start off?

A

agressive

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2
Q

what did Spanish forces do towards ottomans in 1560?

A
  • 1560 spanish forces occupied Djerba
  • made basse for attack of Tripoli
  • may 1560 surprise attack from Dragut
  • 18,000 men captured and 42/80 ships lost
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3
Q

how did policy towards ottomans change after Djerba?

A

Realised defensive would be a more successful policy

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4
Q

what did ottomans do in may 1565?

A
  • lay siege to malta
  • 25,000 troops and 180 ships
  • September Charles organised a relief force and lifted the siege
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5
Q

what was battle of lepanto in reaction to?

A

turks capturing Cyprus from Venice in 1570

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6
Q

what happened at lepanto?

A
  • smashed ottoman fleet

- 30,000 Ottomans killed

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7
Q

what did Philip sign with turks in 1578?

A

peace treaty- chose to pursue peace rather than further attack

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8
Q

how was policy towards Portugal?

A

Defensive

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9
Q

when did king Sebastian die?

A

August 1578

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10
Q

what was Philip’s claim to the throne?

A

strong claim via his mother, Isabel of Portugal

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11
Q

how did Philip annex Portugal?

A
  • June 1580, Alba crossed border with force of 37,000

- quickly routed Dom Antonio from Lisbon by August

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12
Q

why was Portugal FP defensive?

A
  • trying to defend security of Iberia

- secured protection of his empire

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13
Q

what did securing Portugal allow for in FP?

A
  • aggressive FP
  • Lisbon was a deep-water port
  • gave him a strong fleet
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14
Q

was Dutch revolt aggressive or defensive?

A

mainly defensive - responding to revolts in his realm

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15
Q

what were some examples of aggression in dutch revolt?

A
  • 1567 sent in parma w/ 10,000 troops
  • reignited revolt
  • 1585 ordered parma to go to coast to prepare for armada
  • 1590 orders to capture pairs
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16
Q

was policy towards England agressive or defensive?

A

generally defensive

17
Q

how did Philip protect Elizabeth from papacy in 1560s?

A
  • 1561+1563 persuaded pope from excommunicating Elizabeth

- 1570 refused to publish papal bull that excommunicated Elizabeth

18
Q

what did Spain do English pirates in 1568?

A

Spain seized 10 of Hawkins ships @ battle fo san Juan de ulua

19
Q

how did Elizabeth respond to spain seizing ships?

A

by seizing 5 genoese silver ships going to pay men in new world

20
Q

how many major English expeditions to the new world were the 1572-77?

A

11

21
Q

what were the terms of the treaty of nonsuch?

A
  • Elizabeth agreed to help dutch rebels

- agreed to send £126,000 and 6000 men

22
Q

why was 1588 armada in fact defensive?

A

1585 nonsuch was England essentially declaring war on spain - left Philip no option

23
Q

how did policy towards France differ over reign?

A 
1559-84 = defensive 
1584-98 = agressive
24
Q

what treaty was signed in 1559?

A

3 April 1559 treaty of cateau-cambresis

25
Q

what were the terms of cateau-cambresis?

A
  • ended hapsburg-valois war
  • maintained pace until 1590
  • secured Milan and Naples
26
Q

how did Philip treat France 1559-84?

A
  • left France alone

- France was in civl war - French wars of religion

27
Q

in what year did Philip start becoming aggressive towards France?

A

1584

28
Q

why did Philip start becoming aggressive towards France in 1584?

A

duke of anjou died and henry of Navarre became heir - he was protestant

29
Q

why treaty did Philip sign with French in 1584?

A
  • treaty on joinville

- philip started giving money to catholic league to stop Henry becoming king

30
Q

when did Henry iv become king?

A

1589

31
Q

in what years were Spanish army in France?

A

1590-98

32
Q

name some key battles in France?

A
  • siege of Paris 1590

- saved Rouen in April 1592

33
Q

what did henry IV do in 1593?

A

reconverted to Catholicism - Philip continued to fight

34
Q

why did Philip seek a truce?

A

after 1596 bankruptcy

Philip II (10 decks)

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