FP: Agressive or Defensive? Flashcards
how did policy towards ottomans start off?
agressive
what did Spanish forces do towards ottomans in 1560?
- 1560 spanish forces occupied Djerba
- made basse for attack of Tripoli
- may 1560 surprise attack from Dragut
- 18,000 men captured and 42/80 ships lost
how did policy towards ottomans change after Djerba?
Realised defensive would be a more successful policy
what did ottomans do in may 1565?
- lay siege to malta
- 25,000 troops and 180 ships
- September Charles organised a relief force and lifted the siege
what was battle of lepanto in reaction to?
turks capturing Cyprus from Venice in 1570
what happened at lepanto?
- smashed ottoman fleet
- 30,000 Ottomans killed
what did Philip sign with turks in 1578?
peace treaty- chose to pursue peace rather than further attack
how was policy towards Portugal?
Defensive
when did king Sebastian die?
August 1578
what was Philip’s claim to the throne?
strong claim via his mother, Isabel of Portugal
how did Philip annex Portugal?
- June 1580, Alba crossed border with force of 37,000
- quickly routed Dom Antonio from Lisbon by August
why was Portugal FP defensive?
- trying to defend security of Iberia
- secured protection of his empire
what did securing Portugal allow for in FP?
- aggressive FP
- Lisbon was a deep-water port
- gave him a strong fleet
was Dutch revolt aggressive or defensive?
mainly defensive - responding to revolts in his realm
what were some examples of aggression in dutch revolt?
- 1567 sent in parma w/ 10,000 troops
- reignited revolt
- 1585 ordered parma to go to coast to prepare for armada
- 1590 orders to capture pairs
was policy towards England agressive or defensive?
generally defensive
how did Philip protect Elizabeth from papacy in 1560s?
- 1561+1563 persuaded pope from excommunicating Elizabeth
- 1570 refused to publish papal bull that excommunicated Elizabeth
what did Spain do English pirates in 1568?
Spain seized 10 of Hawkins ships @ battle fo san Juan de ulua
how did Elizabeth respond to spain seizing ships?
by seizing 5 genoese silver ships going to pay men in new world
how many major English expeditions to the new world were the 1572-77?
11
what were the terms of the treaty of nonsuch?
- Elizabeth agreed to help dutch rebels
- agreed to send £126,000 and 6000 men
why was 1588 armada in fact defensive?
1585 nonsuch was England essentially declaring war on spain - left Philip no option
how did policy towards France differ over reign?
1559-84 = defensive 1584-98 = agressive
what treaty was signed in 1559?
3 April 1559 treaty of cateau-cambresis
what were the terms of cateau-cambresis?
- ended hapsburg-valois war
- maintained pace until 1590
- secured Milan and Naples
how did Philip treat France 1559-84?
- left France alone
- France was in civl war - French wars of religion
in what year did Philip start becoming aggressive towards France?
1584
why did Philip start becoming aggressive towards France in 1584?
duke of anjou died and henry of Navarre became heir - he was protestant
why treaty did Philip sign with French in 1584?
- treaty on joinville
- philip started giving money to catholic league to stop Henry becoming king
when did Henry iv become king?
1589
in what years were Spanish army in France?
1590-98
name some key battles in France?
- siege of Paris 1590
- saved Rouen in April 1592
what did henry IV do in 1593?
reconverted to Catholicism - Philip continued to fight
why did Philip seek a truce?
after 1596 bankruptcy
