FP: Success or Failure? Flashcards
how did the situation with the Ottomans change over Philips reign?
- 1556 situation was v. dangerous, but by 1598 it was safe
- biggest problem for Philip at start of reign
when did Philip defeat ottomans?
battle of lepanto 1571
what happened at lepanto?
- smashed Ottoman fleet
- 30,000 ottomans killed
how did victory at lepanto benefit spain?
reduced internal threat of Moriscos
-could deal w/ N. African pirates individually
what did Philip sign w/ ottomans in 1578?
- peace treaty
- allowed him to focus on Dutch revolt
how did 1578 peace treaty benefit spain?
- protected Mediterranean trade routes
- good for Philip’s prestige
- good for aragon as well as castile
what attack did Philip attempt on ottomans in 1560?
- djerba incident = failure
- made base for attack on Tripoli
- 18,000 captured and 42/80 ships captured
what did the ottomans do in 1565?
lay siege to malta - but lifted by Philip
how much did Lepanto cost?
1.1m ducats - contributed to 1575 bankruptcy
when was Portugal annexed?
1580
how did annexation of Portugal benefit spanish empire?
- spain + Portuguese empire combined was v. strong
- spain had access to silver + Portuguese access to markets
how did annexation of Portugal benefit Spanish navy?
- combined navy was strong
- Lisbon was important deep water port
- 1588 armada launched from Lisbon
what could the Azores be used for?
good staging point for new world
how did annexation of Portugal benefit security of Spain?
- ensured security of Iberia
- cemented peaceful relations w/ Portugal
how did annexation of Portugal negatively impact FP?
- gaining Lisbon encouraged Philip’s aggressive FP
- 1588 armada = 10m ducats
how did annexation of Portugal negatively impact empire?
- bigger empire led to more defence costs
- length of Atlantic coastline of Portugal
how did the situation with the LC change over Philips reign?
- 1556 inherited 17 loyal provinces
- by 1598, had lost 7 provinces
how was the Dutch revolt a financial disaster?
- major cause of 1575 + 96 bankruptcies (two worst ones)
- spent 80m over course of reign
how was the Dutch revolt a religious failure?
provinces that broke away were clear protestants - failed to stop heresy
how was the Dutch revolt a failure of Philip’s govt?
- sending alba in w/ 10,000 men in 1567 made revolt worse
- 1585 told parma to go to coast to prepare for armada - had nearly won
- 1590 parma sent to capture Paris - allowed dutch rebels to regroup
how did dutch revolt affect Philip’s relations with other countries?
made France and England more likely to attack Spain
how was Philip somewhat successful in LC?
- first 10yrs = no revolt
- duke of parma was successful for a period of time - nearly stopped revolt
what did Philip do w/ England for 30yrs?
avoided war
how were relations with England stable in 1560s?
- persuaded pope from excommunicating Elizabeth. I in 1561+1563
- didn’t publish papal bull excommunicating her in 1570
how were relations with England in 1570s?
avoided open warfare
how was Spain successful w/ england in relations to piracy?
- spain never lost a whole shipment of silver, only smash and grab raids
- maintained monopoly on new world
what years were the armadas?
1588, 1596, 1597
how were the armadas a financial failure?
- led to 1596 bankruptcy
- 1588 armada = 10m ducats
who did English continue to help?
- dutch revolt
- 1585 treaty of nonsuch
was FP with England overall a success of failure?
- success as he didn’t lose any Spanish territory
- only a failure from 1585 - last 15yrs of reign
how did success with France vary?
1556-84 = success 1584-98 = failure
what treaty was signed w/ French in 1559?
- treaty of cateau-cambresis (3 April 1559)
- ended Hapsburg-valois wars
- maintained peace until 1590
- secured Milan and naples
between 1559-84 what was going on in France?
civil war -French wars of religion
what did peace w/ France allow for Philip?
more time to focus on ottomans and Dutch revolt
from what year did Philip get involved in France?
1584
why did Philip get involved in france?
duke of anjou died and Henry of Navarre became heir to throne - he was protestant
what treaty did Philip sign in relation to France in 1584?
- treaty of joinville
- Philip gave money to catholic league to stop Henry becoming king
when was Henry iv crowned?
1589
what were spain doing w/ France between 1590-98?
- Spanish army in France campaigning to remove Henry
- even after 1593 when he reconverted to Catholicism
how much money was spent on war in France?
1590-98 - 30m ducats fighting French
what treaty was signed w/ French in 1598?
- treaty of vervins
- failure as reinstated terms of 1559 treaty
