FP: Success or Failure?

Question 1

how did the situation with the Ottomans change over Philips reign?

Answer 1

• 1556 situation was v. dangerous, but by 1598 it was safe

- biggest problem for Philip at start of reign

Question 2

when did Philip defeat ottomans?

Answer 2

battle of lepanto 1571

Question 3

what happened at lepanto?

Answer 3

• smashed Ottoman fleet

- 30,000 ottomans killed

Question 4

how did victory at lepanto benefit spain?

Answer 4

reduced internal threat of Moriscos

-could deal w/ N. African pirates individually

Question 5

what did Philip sign w/ ottomans in 1578?

Answer 5

• peace treaty

- allowed him to focus on Dutch revolt

Question 6

how did 1578 peace treaty benefit spain?

Answer 6

• protected Mediterranean trade routes
• good for Philip’s prestige
• good for aragon as well as castile

Question 7

what attack did Philip attempt on ottomans in 1560?

Answer 7

• djerba incident = failure
• made base for attack on Tripoli
• 18,000 captured and 42/80 ships captured

Question 8

what did the ottomans do in 1565?

Answer 8

lay siege to malta - but lifted by Philip

Question 9

how much did Lepanto cost?

Answer 9

1.1m ducats - contributed to 1575 bankruptcy

Question 10

when was Portugal annexed?

Answer 10

1580

Question 11

how did annexation of Portugal benefit spanish empire?

Answer 11

• spain + Portuguese empire combined was v. strong

- spain had access to silver + Portuguese access to markets

Question 12

how did annexation of Portugal benefit Spanish navy?

Answer 12

• combined navy was strong
• Lisbon was important deep water port
• 1588 armada launched from Lisbon

Question 13

what could the Azores be used for?

Answer 13

good staging point for new world

Question 14

how did annexation of Portugal benefit security of Spain?

Answer 14

• ensured security of Iberia

- cemented peaceful relations w/ Portugal

Question 15

how did annexation of Portugal negatively impact FP?

Answer 15

• gaining Lisbon encouraged Philip’s aggressive FP

- 1588 armada = 10m ducats

Question 16

how did annexation of Portugal negatively impact empire?

Answer 16

• bigger empire led to more defence costs

- length of Atlantic coastline of Portugal

Question 17

how did the situation with the LC change over Philips reign?

Answer 17

• 1556 inherited 17 loyal provinces

- by 1598, had lost 7 provinces

Question 18

how was the Dutch revolt a financial disaster?

Answer 18

• major cause of 1575 + 96 bankruptcies (two worst ones)

- spent 80m over course of reign

Question 19

how was the Dutch revolt a religious failure?

Answer 19

provinces that broke away were clear protestants - failed to stop heresy

Question 20

how was the Dutch revolt a failure of Philip’s govt?

Answer 20

• sending alba in w/ 10,000 men in 1567 made revolt worse
• 1585 told parma to go to coast to prepare for armada - had nearly won
• 1590 parma sent to capture Paris - allowed dutch rebels to regroup

Question 21

how did dutch revolt affect Philip’s relations with other countries?

Answer 21

made France and England more likely to attack Spain

Question 22

how was Philip somewhat successful in LC?

Answer 22

• first 10yrs = no revolt

- duke of parma was successful for a period of time - nearly stopped revolt

Question 23

what did Philip do w/ England for 30yrs?

Answer 23

avoided war

Question 24

how were relations with England stable in 1560s?

Answer 24

• persuaded pope from excommunicating Elizabeth. I in 1561+1563
• didn’t publish papal bull excommunicating her in 1570

Question 25

how were relations with England in 1570s?

Answer 25

avoided open warfare

Question 26

how was Spain successful w/ england in relations to piracy?

Answer 26

• spain never lost a whole shipment of silver, only smash and grab raids
• maintained monopoly on new world

Question 27

what years were the armadas?

Answer 27

1588, 1596, 1597

Question 28

how were the armadas a financial failure?

Answer 28

• led to 1596 bankruptcy

- 1588 armada = 10m ducats

Question 29

who did English continue to help?

Answer 29

• dutch revolt

- 1585 treaty of nonsuch

Question 30

was FP with England overall a success of failure?

Answer 30

• success as he didn’t lose any Spanish territory

- only a failure from 1585 - last 15yrs of reign

Question 31

how did success with France vary?

Answer 31

1556-84 = success
1584-98 = failure

Question 32

what treaty was signed w/ French in 1559?

Answer 32

• treaty of cateau-cambresis (3 April 1559)
• ended Hapsburg-valois wars
• maintained peace until 1590
• secured Milan and naples

Question 33

between 1559-84 what was going on in France?

Answer 33

civil war -French wars of religion

Question 34

what did peace w/ France allow for Philip?

Answer 34

more time to focus on ottomans and Dutch revolt

Question 35

from what year did Philip get involved in France?

Answer 35

1584

Question 36

why did Philip get involved in france?

Answer 36

duke of anjou died and Henry of Navarre became heir to throne - he was protestant

Question 37

what treaty did Philip sign in relation to France in 1584?

Answer 37

• treaty of joinville

- Philip gave money to catholic league to stop Henry becoming king

Question 38

when was Henry iv crowned?

Answer 38

1589

Question 39

what were spain doing w/ France between 1590-98?

Answer 39

• Spanish army in France campaigning to remove Henry

- even after 1593 when he reconverted to Catholicism

Question 40

how much money was spent on war in France?

Answer 40

1590-98 - 30m ducats fighting French

Question 41

what treaty was signed w/ French in 1598?

Answer 41

• treaty of vervins

- failure as reinstated terms of 1559 treaty