Who's Who? Flashcards
MP in Reformation Parliament, wrote a Chronicle of England (published 1548)
Sir Edward Hall
Humanist and chaplain to Henry VII’s mother. Probably wrote the Assertio (for which Henry was given the title ‘Fidei Defensor’) Staunch supporter of Katherine of Aragon and opponent of the Royal Supremacy. Executed for refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy in 1535.
John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester
Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire 1500-1558.
Charles V
Emissary sent by the Pope to examine Henry’s case for annulment in 1528. He was to act as papal legate with Wolsey.
Cardinal Campeggio
MP who sued the Church over mortuary fees. He was accused of heresy for having a Lollard Bible. He died in suspicious circumstances at St Paul’s Cathedral in 1515. He was probably tortured to death.
Richard Hunne.
Related to Henry VIII. Became Archbishop of Canterbury in Mary I’s reign. Was strongly opposed to the annulment and remained in the service of the pope throughout Henry’s reign. Henry tried to have him assassinated.
Cardinal Reginald Pole.
Imperial ambassador to the English court, 1529-45
Eustace Chapuys
MP from 1523 onwards. Chosen to become member of Privy Council in 1530.
Thomas Cromwell.
Promoted from Archdeacon of Taunton to Archbishop of Canterbury in 1533, due to family connections.
Thomas Cranmer
Archbishop of Canterbury, died 1532. Refused to grant Henry his divorce because he stuck to the wishes of the pope
William Warham
Pope during the King’s Great Matter
Clement VII
Conducted the secret marriage ceremony between Anne and Henry in 1533
Thomas Cranmer
Member of the King’s household who spoke out in favour of Katherine of Aragon (member of the privy chamber)
Sir Nicholas Carew
Controller of the King’s household who spoke out in favour of Katherine of Aragon
Sir Henry Guilford
Invited to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn in June 1533, but declined.
Sir Thomas More
Refused to swear the Oath of Supremacy and was imprisoned in the Tower. He argued he hadn’t actually broken the law because he hadn’t spoken out against the Oath, he’d just refused to swear it.
Sir Thomas More
Spoke out against the divorce in 1532, saying he would rather die than see the marriage of Katherine and Henry dissolved.
John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester
Refusal to swear the Oath of Succession led to his arrest for treason, and he was ordered to be hung, drawn and quartered. There was such a public outcry that the sentence was changed to beheading.
John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester.
Servant girl who claimed to see visions from God. Met the King twice. Prophesied that if Henry were to divorce Katherine of Aragon, he would die shortly thereafter. Hanged at Tyburn in 1534.
Elizabeth Barton
The ‘Holy Maid of Kent’
Elizabeth Barton
Religious order emphasising solitude and devotion, based at London’s Charterhouse
Carthusian Monks
When five refused to swear the Oath of Succession, they were dragged through the streets of London, then hung, drawn and quartered
Carthusian Monks
Referred to as ‘the Concubine’ by the Imperial Ambassador
Anne Boleyn
Died 7th January 1536
Katherine of Aragon
Appointed Vicegerent in matters ecclesiastical 1534
Thomas Cromwell
Appointed Earl of Essex in April 1540
Thomas Cromwell
Executed for treason (without trial) in July 1540
Thomas Cromwell
Resigned see in protest at the Act of Six Articles in 1539
Nicholas Shaxton, Bishop of Salisbury
Resigned see in protest at the Act of Six Articles in 1539. Burned as a heretic under Mary I and featured prominently in Actes and Monuments by John Foxe
Hugh Latimer, Bishop of Worcester
Secretary to Wolsey and diplomat before becoming secretary to Henry. Created Bishop of Winchester after Wolsey’s fall. Supported the break with Rome, but otherwise religiously conservative.
Bishop Stephen Gardiner
Widow of George Boleyn and Katherine Howard’s lady in waiting. She facilitated meetings between Katherine and Thomas Culpepper. She went mad due to excessive use of torture during her interrogation.
Jane, Lady Rochford
Governor of Calais 1533-40. Arrested for treason in 1540, accused of corresponding with Cardinal Pole.
Lord Lisle
Notoriously corrupt commissioner during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Would willingly lie to meet Cromwell’s demands.
John Ap Rice
Notoriously corrupt commissioner during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Seemed especially interested in sexual misconduct of monks (reports always switched to Latin for these bits). Responsible for the report on St Augustine’s Abbey in Bristol.
Richard Layton
Sent to quell the Lincolnshire uprising in 1536
Duke of Suffolk
Led the Lincolnshire uprising (AKA Captain Cobbler)
Nicholas Melton
Lawyer who led the Yorkshire rebellion known as the Pilgrimage of Grace
Robert Aske
Noble known to be sympathetic to Rome, dispatched to put down the Yorkshire rebellion (so he couldn’t join their cause)
Lord Hussey
Gave up the defence of Pontefract Castle during the Pilgrimage of Grace. A known member of the conservative faction.
Lord Darcy
Led the Cumberland uprising, telling the population that the concessions granted by the Duke of Norfolk after the PoG were false
Sir Francis Bigod
Member of powerful northern family, who Henry worried had become too powerful and had failed to act appropriately during the Pilgrimage of Grace
Sir Thomas Percy
Executed for pointing out the rebels’ military superiority over the King during negotiations at Doncaster
Thomas Miller
Accused of heresy by the Duke of Norfolk in 1536
John Lambert
Put on trial in 1540 for denying the Real Presence. Henry VIII intervened in the trial, reaffirming his belief in transubstantiation
John Lambert
Writer of the first unofficial Bible in English. Published abroad and smuggled into the country. Pursued doggedly by agents of Thomas More
William Tyndale
Wrote 1528 book ‘The Obedience of a Christian Man’
William Tyndale
Wrote ‘A Supplication for the Beggars’ in 1529, a pamphlet which inspired Henry VIII’s ideas on the Royal Supremacy
Simon Fish
Dutch intellectual who used humanist techniques to make new translations of the Bible in Greek and Latin. Remained committed to Catholic practices and papal authority throughout his life
Desiderius Erasmus
Dean of St Paul’s Cathedral in London. Highly critical of Church abuses. Said scripture should be the basis of belief.
John Colet
Wrote seminal political philosophy Utopia in 1516
Sir Thomas More
Lord Chancellor 1529-32
Sir Thomas More
Solicitor General from 1533 and First Chancellor of the Court of Augmentations. Perjured himself in order to see Thomas More executed for treason
Sir Richard Rich
Lord Chancellor who personally tortured Anne Askew once she had been convicted of heresy in order to try and find a link to Katherine Parr
Sir Thomas Wriothesley
2 week old baby left the throne of Scotland following the death of her father, James V (he died of shame after the Battle of Solway Moss)
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mother of Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary of Guise
Son of the Duke of Norfolk and Captain of Boulogne following its capture in 1544. Launched an embarrassing and unordered attack on a key French position in 1546 and was sacked
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Replaced the Earl of Surrey as Captain of Boulogne
Edward Seymour, Lord Hertford
Henry’s principal secretary from 1543. Always willing to position himself in support of the King, but essentially part of the reformist faction
William, Lord Paget
Designed a new coat of arms which referred to the arms of Edward the Confessor, and was seen as a grab for the throne just before a minority ruler (Henry was dying, and Edward was only 9 years old)
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Executed for treason on 26th January 1547, 2 days before Henry VIII’s death
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Escaped execution for treason on 29th January 1547 - because Henry died the day before!
Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk
Only member of the Privy Council brave enough to ask Henry if he wanted to send for a priest as he lay dying (remember, to predict the King’s death was technically treason)
Sir Anthony Denny
Instrumental in making Somerset Lord Protector following Henry’s death in 1547; helped to conceal his death while the will was discussed
Sir William Paget
Edward’s uncle, Lord High Admiral. Husband of Catherine Parr.
Thomas Seymour
Convicted of 33 charges of treason, having been caught on 16th January 1549, outside Edward’s room at Hampton Court Palace with a loaded pistol. Shot Edward’s dog.
Thomas Seymour
Leader of the Western Rebellion, 1549
Robert Welsh
Commissioner sent to Devon to investigate church property in 1547
William Body
Commissioner who enthusiastically destroyed images and icons in Devon churches, 1548
William Body
Murdered by angry parishioners in Helston
William Body
Auditor of Court of Augmentations. Enclosed land in Hertfordshire. Rabbit warren on his estate blown up by peasants.
Sir William Cavendish
Leader of rebellion in East Anglia in the summer of 1549
Robert Kett
Lord Privy Seal, given land in Devon by Henry VIII.
John Russell, Earl of Bedford
Priest of St Thomas in Exeter, hanged from his church tower in his vestments
Robert Webb
Wrote the December 1549 Book of Common Prayer
Thomas Cranmer
Wrote the 42 Articles in November 1552
Thomas Cranmer
Drew up the ‘Reformation Legum Ecclesiasticarum’ in 1552, but it was defeated in the House of Lords the same year because it seemed the Church was threatening the power of the State
Thomas Cranmer
Previously known as John Dudley, Earl of Warwick
Duke of Northumberland
Passed the Vagrancy and Public Order Act in 1547
Somerset
Wrote the Epistle of Exhortation, appealing for a union between England and Scotland, 1548
Somerset
Effectively kidnapped Edward and took him to Windsor Castle against his will, 1549
Somerset
Leader of Evangelical Protestants, became Bishop of Gloucester in 1550
John Hooper
Clashed with Cranmer and Ridley about whether bishops should wear ceremonial garments when they were ordained, eventually being imprisoned for his refusal
John Hooper
