Section 6 Flashcards
How can Elizabeth’s religion be best described?
Evangelical
What is an evangelical?
A person whose beliefs are based on faith alone
What are Puritans?
Extreme Protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin
What is a recusant?
A Catholic who refused to attend services of the Church of England
What is an Erastian state?
When the Head of the State is also the Head of the Church
What is an Anabaptist?
Radical religious person who believes religion should be based on scriptures/texts. Believe in polygamy and other controversial practices
How old was Elizabeth when she came to the throne?
25
Mary knew that Elizabeth would change the religion of the country and so did this lead to her challenging the Act of Succession?
No
Who was the only Marian bishop willing to coronate Elizabeth as Queen?
The bishop of Carlisle
Who was responsible for tutoring Elizabeth in the Protestant faith during her formative years?
Catherine Parr
How many Protestant exiles returned to England after Mary’s death?
400
Who was the key Protestant division of the time between?
John Knox and Richard Cox
Who was chosen as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1559? What was his connection to Elizabeth?
Matthew Parker; Chaplain to Anne Boleyn
What was the name of the 1559 treaty that ended Mary’s conflict with France?
Cateau-Canbesis
How many ‘Puritan’ MPs were sitting in the House of Commons at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign?
25
Why did Elizabeth give Parker and Cecil positions of power?
They were both moderate Protestants
What is the situation in Scotland when Elizabeth takes the throne?
Mary of Guise and French troops in Scotland; Protestants ask for help from Elizabeth leads to Treaty of Edinburgh which is good for Elizabeth
What is the situation in France throughout Mary’s reign?
Elizabeth makes the treaty of Cateau-Cambesis but she helps some French Protestants in 1562 which leads to the French refusing to give Calais back or pay the money for it
Explain the black rubric
How the laity receive communion; have to sit, stand or kneel etc.
What Protestant practices did Elizabeth approve of?
The English Bible and services
What Catholic practices did Elizabeth approve of?
Church music, Catholic vestments and clerical celibacy
When did Elizabeth hold a debate between Catholic and Protestant clergy and what was the result?
Easter 1559; the Catholic clergy withdrew so Elizabeth arrested two bishops
What did the arrest of two Catholic bishops in 1559 allow Elizabeth to do and why?
Pass the act of Uniformity; the lack of two bishops meant there was a Protestant majority
What happened in January 1559?
Parliament began and Elizabeth refused to join the procession of monks
Explain the Device for the Alteration of religion, and who authored it
Authored by William Cecil, and recommended that Elizabeth should note that the majority of the laity wanted the Catholic rites of worship to remain, but that this should not be considered a papist plot
When did Elizabeth state that all Bibles should be in English, as should the Lord’s Prayer?
December 1558
What Act allowed Elizabeth to regain status as head of the Church through the reinstatement of the act of Supremacy and when was it passed?
1559; The Act of Uniformity
What title did Elizabeth gain in 1559 and why?
Supreme Governor; to appease radicals who believed a woman could not be the head of the Church
When were the Injunctions issued?
1559
What was included in the Injunctions?
A pattern of worship, banning pilgrimages and false images, a preaching license was introduced, recusant fines and the ornaments rubric
What was the ornaments rubric?
An injunction that stated decorated vestments would be worn by clergy for mass and surplice for other services
What did the Act of Exchange allow Elizabeth to do?
Collect First Fruit and Tenths and seize land from absent priests
What was removed from the second book of common prayer (1552) to make the new book of common prayer?
Insults towards the Pope
What did the new book of common prayer allow the clergy to do?
See Mass as a memorial or transubstantiation
What was the result of Elizabeth removing Catholic clergy?
The Protestant clergy was uneducated and inexperienced
How did Elizabeth compromise on clerical marriage and when?
1561; evicted the wives and children from colleges and cathedrals
When was a Latin prayer book published?
1560
When were the 39 articles passed and what did that make England?
1563; Moderately Calvanist
Who became Pope in 1559?
Pope Pius IV
Who was Elizabeth’s Principal Secretary?
William Cecil
What were the visitations?
Senior clergymen travel to parishes to observe the liturgy. Many were violent and destroyed altars, images and clerical clothing
True or false - Elizabeth believed in availability of English Bible and services to be in English?
True
How many ‘Puritan’ MPs were sitting in the House of Commons at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign?
25
Who blocked the religious settlement in Elizabeth’s first Parliament in January 1559?
Marian bishops in the House of Lords
How many Marian bishops were arrested for disobedience in 1559?
2
What Acts were passed in April 1559 forming the foundations of the Church Settlement of Elizabeth?
Uniformity and Supremacy
What area of compromise featured in the 1559 Book of Common Prayer?
Transubstantiation
How much was the recusancy fine for failing to attend church on a Sunday?
1 shilling
What did the Royal Injunctions of 1559 involve?
Established the detail of pattern of worship
How did Matthew Parker deal with the Vestiarian controversy in 1566?
Issued the Advertisements which set out what was required of the clergy and invited 110 clergymen to the Parade of Dress
Which two bishops threatened to resign if Mary reinstated the crucifix?
Jewel and Grindal
What were the visitations?
Senior clergymen travel to parishes to observe the liturgy. Many were violent and destroyed altars, images and clerical clothing
How did Matthew Parker deal with the Vestiarian controversy in 1566?
Issued the Advertisements which set out what was required of the clergy and invited 110 clergymen to the Parade of Dress
What did Archbishop Parker’s Advertisements include?
Wearing a biretta outside of Church, using a font and wearing a surplice for services
How many of the 110 clergymen invited to the Parade of Dress refused to dress appropriately?
37
What questions were people asking during the Vestiarian controversy and how?
Did Elizabeth have the power to make such decisions?; Through pamphlets
Whose writings did the anabaptists follow?
Luther and Zwingli
Why was the danger of anabaptism small?
They had no organised leader
Why was the threat of anabaptism large for Elizabeth?
They were more hostile to Protestants than Catholics and she may have been pressured to deal with them as heretics
How many anabaptist deaths had there been by 1566 in the Netherlands?
3000
When were the anabaptists involved in the Peasant’s Revolt?
1525
What did Elizabeth do in regards to people who refused to sign the Oath of Supremacy?
Gave instructions to Parker not to ask people to sign a second time
What was the punishment for refusing to sign the Oath of Supremacy?
The first refusal would result in a warning, the second was punishable by death
Which parish refused to buy the new prayer books and Bibles to the extent of militancy?
Lancashire
Which county hung a banner used in the Pilgrimage of Grace and what was on the banner?
Yorkshire; The five wounds of Christ
What is the Puritan choir and which historian suggested it?
John Neale; a vocal group of Puritans who were part of government and steered Elizabeth’s reforms
What was Elizabeth’s reaction to the Catholic North and why?
Inaction; she lacked the resources and didn’t want to provoke an uprising from the nobles
Why were Puritans in England a threat?
They were angry Elizabeth hadn’t consulted them about the settlement and believed it wasn’t radical enough
What was the system of ‘Visitations’ established by the 1559 Royal Injunctions?
Senior clergy appointed by bishop to ensure the Settlement adhered to
How many clergy either resigned or were removed in the period 1559-1564?
400
What was the name of the extreme Protestant group resisting the Settlement?
Anabaptists
What did the visitations of the Archdiocese of York reveal?
Continuation of Catholic practice
Why did Pope Pius IV 1559-65 not excommunicate Elizabeth from the Catholic Church?
Believed that England could be converted back to Catholicism through diplomacy
What was the religious outlook of the majority of the senior clergy undertaking the visitations?
Convinced Protestants
The original 1559 visitations were in the Archdiocese of Canterbury. How long after were the visitations in the Archdiocese of York?
10 years
What year did Mary, Queen of Scots escape to England?
1568
How was Mary connected to the English throne?
Her mother was the sister of Henry VIII
Why was the presence of Mary such a concern for Elizabeth?
Elizabeth was unmarried and a successor not named
Who was the most senior noble in England with sympathies toward Catholicism?
Duke of Norfolk
Whose failure to marry Mary, Queen of Scots triggered the rebellion of the Northern Earls?
Duke of Norfolk
Who was the Protestant Bishop of Durham who was rigorously applying change to the region, prompting rebellion in the north in 1569?
James Pilkington
Who was the President of the Council of the North at the time of the Northern Earls rebellion in 1569?
Earl of Sussex
In which Cathedral did the rebels destroy all evidence of Protestantism and celebrate Catholic mass on 14th November 1569?
Durham
How many people supported the rebellion?
Under 5000
What prompted the abandonment of the rebellion?
Lack of support from Spain and news of government troops arriving
What was the Pope’s late response to the rebellion?
He excommunicated Elizabeth
Which rebel lord escaped execution?
Westmoreland
