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H - 2D > Section 6 > Flashcards

Section 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How can Elizabeth’s religion be best described?

A

Evangelical

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2
Q

What is an evangelical?

A

A person whose beliefs are based on faith alone

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3
Q

What are Puritans?

A

Extreme Protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin

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4
Q

What is a recusant?

A

A Catholic who refused to attend services of the Church of England

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5
Q

What is an Erastian state?

A

When the Head of the State is also the Head of the Church

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6
Q

What is an Anabaptist?

A

Radical religious person who believes religion should be based on scriptures/texts. Believe in polygamy and other controversial practices

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7
Q

How old was Elizabeth when she came to the throne?

A

25

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8
Q

Mary knew that Elizabeth would change the religion of the country and so did this lead to her challenging the Act of Succession?

A

No

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9
Q

Who was the only Marian bishop willing to coronate Elizabeth as Queen?

A

The bishop of Carlisle

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10
Q

Who was responsible for tutoring Elizabeth in the Protestant faith during her formative years?

A

Catherine Parr

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11
Q

How many Protestant exiles returned to England after Mary’s death?

A

400

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12
Q

Who was the key Protestant division of the time between?

A

John Knox and Richard Cox

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13
Q

Who was chosen as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1559? What was his connection to Elizabeth?

A

Matthew Parker; Chaplain to Anne Boleyn

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14
Q

What was the name of the 1559 treaty that ended Mary’s conflict with France?

A

Cateau-Canbesis

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15
Q

How many ‘Puritan’ MPs were sitting in the House of Commons at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign?

A

25

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16
Q

Why did Elizabeth give Parker and Cecil positions of power?

A

They were both moderate Protestants

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17
Q

What is the situation in Scotland when Elizabeth takes the throne?

A

Mary of Guise and French troops in Scotland; Protestants ask for help from Elizabeth leads to Treaty of Edinburgh which is good for Elizabeth

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18
Q

What is the situation in France throughout Mary’s reign?

A

Elizabeth makes the treaty of Cateau-Cambesis but she helps some French Protestants in 1562 which leads to the French refusing to give Calais back or pay the money for it

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19
Q

Explain the black rubric

A

How the laity receive communion; have to sit, stand or kneel etc.

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20
Q

What Protestant practices did Elizabeth approve of?

A

The English Bible and services

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21
Q

What Catholic practices did Elizabeth approve of?

A

Church music, Catholic vestments and clerical celibacy

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22
Q

When did Elizabeth hold a debate between Catholic and Protestant clergy and what was the result?

A

Easter 1559; the Catholic clergy withdrew so Elizabeth arrested two bishops

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23
Q

What did the arrest of two Catholic bishops in 1559 allow Elizabeth to do and why?

A

Pass the act of Uniformity; the lack of two bishops meant there was a Protestant majority

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24
Q

What happened in January 1559?

A

Parliament began and Elizabeth refused to join the procession of monks

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25
Q

Explain the Device for the Alteration of religion, and who authored it

A

Authored by William Cecil, and recommended that Elizabeth should note that the majority of the laity wanted the Catholic rites of worship to remain, but that this should not be considered a papist plot

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26
Q

When did Elizabeth state that all Bibles should be in English, as should the Lord’s Prayer?

A

December 1558

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27
Q

What Act allowed Elizabeth to regain status as head of the Church through the reinstatement of the act of Supremacy and when was it passed?

A

1559; The Act of Uniformity

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28
Q

What title did Elizabeth gain in 1559 and why?

A

Supreme Governor; to appease radicals who believed a woman could not be the head of the Church

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29
Q

When were the Injunctions issued?

A

1559

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30
Q

What was included in the Injunctions?

A

A pattern of worship, banning pilgrimages and false images, a preaching license was introduced, recusant fines and the ornaments rubric

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31
Q

What was the ornaments rubric?

A

An injunction that stated decorated vestments would be worn by clergy for mass and surplice for other services

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32
Q

What did the Act of Exchange allow Elizabeth to do?

A

Collect First Fruit and Tenths and seize land from absent priests

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33
Q

What was removed from the second book of common prayer (1552) to make the new book of common prayer?

A

Insults towards the Pope

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34
Q

What did the new book of common prayer allow the clergy to do?

A

See Mass as a memorial or transubstantiation

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35
Q

What was the result of Elizabeth removing Catholic clergy?

A

The Protestant clergy was uneducated and inexperienced

36
Q

How did Elizabeth compromise on clerical marriage and when?

A

1561; evicted the wives and children from colleges and cathedrals

37
Q

When was a Latin prayer book published?

A

1560

38
Q

When were the 39 articles passed and what did that make England?

A

1563; Moderately Calvanist

39
Q

Who became Pope in 1559?

A

Pope Pius IV

40
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s Principal Secretary?

A

William Cecil

41
Q

What were the visitations?

A

Senior clergymen travel to parishes to observe the liturgy. Many were violent and destroyed altars, images and clerical clothing

42
Q

True or false - Elizabeth believed in availability of English Bible and services to be in English?

A

True

43
Q

How many ‘Puritan’ MPs were sitting in the House of Commons at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign?

A

25

44
Q

Who blocked the religious settlement in Elizabeth’s first Parliament in January 1559?

A

Marian bishops in the House of Lords

45
Q

How many Marian bishops were arrested for disobedience in 1559?

A

2

46
Q

What Acts were passed in April 1559 forming the foundations of the Church Settlement of Elizabeth?

A

Uniformity and Supremacy

47
Q

What area of compromise featured in the 1559 Book of Common Prayer?

A

Transubstantiation

48
Q

How much was the recusancy fine for failing to attend church on a Sunday?

A

1 shilling

49
Q

What did the Royal Injunctions of 1559 involve?

A

Established the detail of pattern of worship

50
Q

How did Matthew Parker deal with the Vestiarian controversy in 1566?

A

Issued the Advertisements which set out what was required of the clergy and invited 110 clergymen to the Parade of Dress

51
Q

Which two bishops threatened to resign if Mary reinstated the crucifix?

A

Jewel and Grindal

52
Q

What were the visitations?

A

Senior clergymen travel to parishes to observe the liturgy. Many were violent and destroyed altars, images and clerical clothing

53
Q

How did Matthew Parker deal with the Vestiarian controversy in 1566?

A

Issued the Advertisements which set out what was required of the clergy and invited 110 clergymen to the Parade of Dress

54
Q

What did Archbishop Parker’s Advertisements include?

A

Wearing a biretta outside of Church, using a font and wearing a surplice for services

55
Q

How many of the 110 clergymen invited to the Parade of Dress refused to dress appropriately?

A

37

56
Q

What questions were people asking during the Vestiarian controversy and how?

A

Did Elizabeth have the power to make such decisions?; Through pamphlets

57
Q

Whose writings did the anabaptists follow?

A

Luther and Zwingli

58
Q

Why was the danger of anabaptism small?

A

They had no organised leader

59
Q

Why was the threat of anabaptism large for Elizabeth?

A

They were more hostile to Protestants than Catholics and she may have been pressured to deal with them as heretics

60
Q

How many anabaptist deaths had there been by 1566 in the Netherlands?

A

3000

61
Q

When were the anabaptists involved in the Peasant’s Revolt?

A

1525

62
Q

What did Elizabeth do in regards to people who refused to sign the Oath of Supremacy?

A

Gave instructions to Parker not to ask people to sign a second time

63
Q

What was the punishment for refusing to sign the Oath of Supremacy?

A

The first refusal would result in a warning, the second was punishable by death

64
Q

Which parish refused to buy the new prayer books and Bibles to the extent of militancy?

A

Lancashire

65
Q

Which county hung a banner used in the Pilgrimage of Grace and what was on the banner?

A

Yorkshire; The five wounds of Christ

66
Q

What is the Puritan choir and which historian suggested it?

A

John Neale; a vocal group of Puritans who were part of government and steered Elizabeth’s reforms

67
Q

What was Elizabeth’s reaction to the Catholic North and why?

A

Inaction; she lacked the resources and didn’t want to provoke an uprising from the nobles

68
Q

Why were Puritans in England a threat?

A

They were angry Elizabeth hadn’t consulted them about the settlement and believed it wasn’t radical enough

69
Q

What was the system of ‘Visitations’ established by the 1559 Royal Injunctions?

A

Senior clergy appointed by bishop to ensure the Settlement adhered to

70
Q

How many clergy either resigned or were removed in the period 1559-1564?

A

400

71
Q

What was the name of the extreme Protestant group resisting the Settlement?

A

Anabaptists

72
Q

What did the visitations of the Archdiocese of York reveal?

A

Continuation of Catholic practice

73
Q

Why did Pope Pius IV 1559-65 not excommunicate Elizabeth from the Catholic Church?

A

Believed that England could be converted back to Catholicism through diplomacy

74
Q

What was the religious outlook of the majority of the senior clergy undertaking the visitations?

A

Convinced Protestants

75
Q

The original 1559 visitations were in the Archdiocese of Canterbury. How long after were the visitations in the Archdiocese of York?

A

10 years

76
Q

What year did Mary, Queen of Scots escape to England?

A

1568

77
Q

How was Mary connected to the English throne?

A

Her mother was the sister of Henry VIII

78
Q

Why was the presence of Mary such a concern for Elizabeth?

A

Elizabeth was unmarried and a successor not named

79
Q

Who was the most senior noble in England with sympathies toward Catholicism?

A

Duke of Norfolk

80
Q

Whose failure to marry Mary, Queen of Scots triggered the rebellion of the Northern Earls?

A

Duke of Norfolk

81
Q

Who was the Protestant Bishop of Durham who was rigorously applying change to the region, prompting rebellion in the north in 1569?

A

James Pilkington

82
Q

Who was the President of the Council of the North at the time of the Northern Earls rebellion in 1569?

A

Earl of Sussex

83
Q

In which Cathedral did the rebels destroy all evidence of Protestantism and celebrate Catholic mass on 14th November 1569?

A

Durham

84
Q

How many people supported the rebellion?

A

Under 5000

85
Q

What prompted the abandonment of the rebellion?

A

Lack of support from Spain and news of government troops arriving

86
Q

What was the Pope’s late response to the rebellion?

A

He excommunicated Elizabeth

87
Q

Which rebel lord escaped execution?

A

Westmoreland

H - 2D (8 decks)

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