Section 5 Flashcards
When did Charles V offer Mary an escape?
1550
When was Lady Jane Grey crowned?
10th July 1553
Which area in particular supported Mary’s claim and when did they start to show their support?
East Anglia; 12th July 1553
When did Northumberland set out against Mary and how many troops did he have?
13th July 1553; 2000
When did Northumberland have to retreat from his attack on Mary and why?
17th July 1553; His forces deserted after rumours spread that Mary had 30,000 troops
When did the Privy Council announce from the Tower that Mary was queen and they had made a mistake?
19th July 1553
When was Northumberland executed?
22nd August 1553
When was Mary I crowned?
1553
What relation was Charles V to Mary?
Cousin
When was Mary’s marriage publicised?
Jan 1554
How many conditions did parliament make for the marriage contract?
8
What was one condition given for Mary’s marriage?
Philip would be joint sovereign, and hold no individual power without Mary
Who was Mary’s other suitor?
An English noble called Edward Courtenay
Who supported Edward Courtenay?
Stephen Gardiner
Who supported Mary’s choice in a husband?
William Paget
Why did the Privy Council have to accept Mary’s marriage?
The third act of succession stated it, although they did try to persuade her to change her mind
Who was Mary’s heir on her accession?
Mary Queen of Scots
Why did Philip disapprove of Mary Queen of Scots as Mary’s heir?
She was engaged to the dauphin of France
Define dauphin
Heir
What does Mary’s accession tell us about Catholicism in 1553?
It was still a political force despite the efforts of the Edwardian regime
Who were Mary’s most influential advisors?
Cardinal Pole, Charles V and Simon Renard
What was unusual about Mary’s Privy Chamber?
It was made up of women
When was the first parliament?
Aug - Sept 1553
What were the issues in Mary’s first parliament?
Mary’s marriage
What did the first Parliament achieve?
Restored the service in place in 1547 and repealed most of Edward’s religious legislation
How did Mary organise her Privy Council which was different to Henry and Edward?
It had both Catholics and Reformers
What was Pope Julius III’s view on the restoration?
England could only return to the fold if all monastery land was returned
What title did Cardinal Pole hold in England during Mary’s reign?
Archbishop of Canterbury
When was the council of Trent?
1545 - 1563
What did the council of Trent do?
Allowed clergymen to come together and form a defence for all the aspects of Catholicism disputed by Protestants
When was the act of repeal that reinstated the six articles?
1553
When was the second parliament?
1554
When was it agreed that monastery land would not be returned to the Church?
1554
When was the second act of repeal and what did this do?
1554; reversed all anti-papal legislation
What did the second parliament do?
The only bill to be passed was the restoration of the bishopric of Durham; other proposed bills included statutes against Lollards and heretics
When was the third parliament?
Nov 1554
What did the third parliament do?
A statute of repeal returned religion to that of 1529 on the agreement that monastic lands would not be returned to the Church
When did Julius III die and who was his successor?
1555; Pope Paul IV
When were the heresy laws reintroduced?
1555
When was the Act for the Taking of the Musters and the Weapons Act?
1558
What did the synod do under Pole and when?
1556; Issued twelve decrees on clerical discipline against abuses
When was Pole recalled to Rome and by who?
1557; Pope Paul IV
When did Mary’s burnings begin?
1555
Who were the Oxford martyrs and when were they burned?
Bishop Hooper, Bishop Ridley and Hugh Latimer; 1555
Why did persecutions begin?
The reintroduction of heresy laws in 1555
How many members of the clergy were burned between 1555 and 1557?
21
Who was burned while giving birth and her baby was thrown back on the fire after she threw it from the flames?
Perotine Massey
What belief system did Mary’s Catholicism centre around?
Humanism
How many editions of the Sarum Primer were made?
35
How many editions of primers were made during Edward’s reign?
17
What Catholic practices were left out of Mary’s reforms?
Icons and pilgrimages
Which group did Pole refuse help from?
The Jesuits
How many copies of Bonner’s book were published?
10,000
Who did Mary use to reform the Church without including rituals?
Oxford academics
Give an example of a Protestant book widely circulated during Mary’s reign
The Hunting of the Romish Wolf
What wider changes hindered Mary’s reforms?
Paul IV becoming pope in 1555
When did the counter-reformation begin?
1545 with the Council of Trent
How many exiles did Mary make?
4000
How did Hull react to the persecutions?
They drove their priest out of town
How did Suffolk react to the persecutions?
They put out their fires so the coal could not be used for pyres
When did burnings peak?
1557
When did the burnings begin?
1555
When was Cranmer burned?
1556
When were the Oxford martyrs burned?
1555
What reform did Mary plan but died before she could perform it?
A recoinage programme to reduce debasement/inflation
When were crown finances restructured and what did this give the Treasury?
1552; Control over 75% of the crown income instead of the previous 30%
How many new ships did Mary build?
Six
How much extra money did the crown earn in 1558 and why?
£29,000; Mary surveyed crown holdings and increased rent on crown land
When was Wyatt’s rebellion?
Jan 1554
What was Wyatt’s rebellion caused by?
The marriage proposal between Mary and Philip II
What was the aim of Wyatt’s rebellion?
To put Lady Jane Grey or Elizabeth on the throne
Why was Wyatt so xenophobic towards the Spanish?
He had witnessed the Spanish inquisition
Who were the two other leaders of Wyatt’s rebellion who failed to create an uprising?
Croft and Suffolk
Where did Mary block the rebels from entering London?
London Bridge
How long did Wyatt stay on the bank of the Thames?
8 days
Where did Wyatt delay?
The bishop of Winchester’s castle
When did Mary enter the war with France?
1557
What triggered England’s involvement in the war?
An attack on Scarborough in April 1557
What did the Privy Council do in 1557 to indicate their position on the war?
Refused Philip’s plea for help in the war
Why were Mary’s reforms hindered by the war with France?
The Pope supported France
Why was England important in the war?
The war had moved to the English channel
What happened as a result of the war?
Calais was lost to the French
Why was Calais lost?
It was understocked and undermanned
Other than being a figurehead, what was Lady Jane Grey’s link to Wyatt’s rebellion?
Her father, the Duke of Suffolk, helped organise it
