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H - 2D > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How did the Church participate in politics?

A

Abbots and bishops sat in the House of Lords until their removal during the Dissolution of the Monasteries

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2
Q

What is heresy?

A

The holding of beliefs which contradicted the established doctrine of the Church in Rome

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3
Q

What is the liturgy?

A

The form of services held in the Church

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4
Q

How many monasteries were in England in 1529?

A

More than 850

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5
Q

What is the most senior position in the church?

A

Cardinal

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6
Q

Who is the most senior person in the church in England?

A

Archbishop of Canterbury

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7
Q

What is an abbot?

A

The head of a monastic house

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8
Q

Other than cardinal, what positions were held by Cardinal Wolsey?

A

1 - Archbishop of York
2 - Chancellor
3 - Principle Advisor
4 - Legatus A Latere

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9
Q

What is another phrase for church law?

A

Canon law

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10
Q

What authority did Popes have over kings?

A

The power to excommunicate them from the Church

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11
Q

What is the name of the taxation paid by people amounting to one tenth of their income?

A

Tithe

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12
Q

What was the only crime that a church court could execute someone for?

A

Heresy

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13
Q

What is a chantry?

A

A place where prayers for the dead are said, often in a side chapel of the Church

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14
Q

How many monasteries were in England in 1529?

A

More than 850

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15
Q

How many parishes was England divided into in 1529?

A

9000

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16
Q

How much money did the Pope gain from taxes in England in 1529?

A

£4500

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17
Q

How much money did the king gain from taxes in England in 1529?

A

£12,500

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18
Q

How far away were most parishes from a monastery?

A

Within four miles

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19
Q

What service did monks provide to the gentry?

A

Teaching their sons

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20
Q

Which abbey owned a number of fisheries and mills that allowed it to be self-sustaining?

A

Roche Abbey

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21
Q

What was the concept from the church that explained the hierarchy of society?

A

Chain of being

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22
Q

What organisation was created for individuals to join to contribute to a chantry?

A

Lay religious guild

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23
Q

What was the place where souls would be held for a period of time after death to atone for sins committed during life?

A

Purgatory

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24
Q

In what language was Mass said?

A

Latin

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25
Q

What is the definition of transubstantiation?

A

When the priest actually transforms the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ during mass

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26
Q

Alongside your faith, what else did Catholics believe would lead to an eternal life?

A

Carrying out good works

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27
Q

What is a pilgrimage?

A

To visit a place of special religious significance

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28
Q

How many sacraments made up the Catholic faith?

A

7

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29
Q

What was the priest only able to do that no one else could?

A

Administer the sacraments

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30
Q

What did Henry VII build to stabilise the position of the Tudors with the Pope?

A

Lady Chapel in Westminster Abbey

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31
Q

What did the Church use to communicate to the illiterate which showed what would happen to sinners?

A

Walls and doom paintings depicting purgatory or Hell

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32
Q

What invention in the period led to the spread of different religious ideas?

A

The printing press

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33
Q

What is the definition of a martyr?

A

A person killed for their religious beliefs

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34
Q

What is the religious group that believed that Christianity should be based on the Bible and not the interpretation of priests and that all should have access to an English Bible?

A

Lollardy

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35
Q

What is the belief that those who are going to heaven has already been decided by God before birth?

A

Predestination

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36
Q

Who originally translated the Bible into English against church law in the 14th century and who followed this in 1526?

A

John Wycliffe; William Tyndale

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37
Q

What is the belief that the monarch and not the Pope should be responsible for religion in their own land and which group originally held this belief?

A

Royal Supremacy; Lutherans

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38
Q

Who wrote ‘A supplication of the beggars’ in 1529 criticising the abuses in the church?

A

Simon Fish

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39
Q

What is the definition of Humanism?

A

An intellectual movement seeking a return to the original Greek texts of the Bible to further understand the scriptures

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40
Q

Who is the most famous Humanist of the period?

A

Erasmus

41
Q

In what year did Martin Luther nail his challenge to the papacy to the Wittenberg Cathedral door?

A

1517

42
Q

What title was Henry VIII awarded after attacking Martin Luther?

A

Defender of the faith

43
Q

When was the printing press invented?

A

1450

44
Q

Who believed in an English Bible and predestination but not the role of the priest and transubstantiation?

A

Lollards

45
Q

Who were the three key Humanist thinkers during Henry VIII’s reign?

A

Erasmus, More and Colet

46
Q

What two Humanist colleges were built during Henry VIII’s reign and where in England were they?

A
  • Corpus Christi college in Oxford

- St John’s College in Cambridge

47
Q

Which of Henry’s children were educated by Humanist scholars? Give an example of a scholar who taught them

A

Edward

John Cheke

48
Q

What movement was Humanism born out of?

A

The Renaissance of the 14th century

49
Q

Who did Henry VIII defend the Catholic faith against with his ‘Defence of the Seven Sacraments?’

A

Martin Luther

50
Q

Which of Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales shows the abuses of the church?

A

The Pardoner’s Tale

51
Q

What is simony?

A

The sale of church/ecclesiastical titles

52
Q

What is it referred to when a priest has more than one position in the church?

A

Pluralism

53
Q

What is criticism of the clergy and their behaviour as opposed to criticism of church belief referred to as?

A

Anti-clericalism

54
Q

What was the tax charged by the church on the burial of a person?

A

Mortuary fees

55
Q

What famous case involving the demand of mortuary fees from the church for a dead baby caused controversy in 1511?

A

Richard Hunne

56
Q

What could an abusing member of the clergy or anyone who spoke Latin call upon to be tried in a church court instead of the king’s court?

A

Benefit of the clergy

57
Q

What was the name of the elaborately decorated device that would hold a relic?

A

A reliquary

58
Q

Who was the Church and government person that epitomised the wealth and power of the church and when did he die?

A

Cardinal Wolsey; 1530

59
Q

What is absenteeism?

A

Priests would neglect one Church as they often practiced pluralism, but would still collect money from it

60
Q

In what fictional book can we see criticisms of exploitation on pilgrimages?

A

Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales

61
Q

Who issued a written complaint that contained anti-clericalism?

A

Simon Fish

62
Q

What did laypeople need to be able to do to claim benefit of the clergy?

A

Recite a Latin neck verse

63
Q

Why did MPs complain about the Church courts having too much power?

A

Most of them were lawyers and the courts were taking work away from them

64
Q

Why did Henry depend on the Church for control?

A

1 - power to reach the people
2 - Reinforce the Divine Right to Rule

65
Q

What was the Church in England the centre of?

A

Social and physical centre of each parish

66
Q

What kind of taxes did the laity have to pay?

A

1 - Peter’s Pence
2 - Tithes
3 - Annates

67
Q

What are some economic strengths of monasteries?

A

1 - Owned a third of land in England
2 - Sold iron and wool

68
Q

Where did monasteries have mother houses?

A

Europe

69
Q

How did the monasteries help the community?

A

1 - Helped sick and poor
2 - Took in orphans
3 - Stimulated economy
4 - Employed local workers

70
Q

What was used to prove wills? Who did this upset?

A

Church courts were used to prove wills. This upset lawyers who were also MPs

71
Q

What was the role of the Church?

A

To provide a link between God and humanity

72
Q

What did the wealthy have built?

A

Personal chantry chapels where they hired priests

73
Q

What did the importance of a guild determine?

A

Their position in the Corpus Christie procession

74
Q

When did lay guilds help out their members?

A

In times of financial difficulty

75
Q

What was compulsory to follow in lay guilds?

A

Strict moral code such as attendance at mass

76
Q

What do Catholics believe all humans were born with?

A

Original Sin

77
Q

How could you reduce time in purgatory?

A

1 - Indulgences
2 - Prayers

78
Q

Give an example of a pligrimage site

A

St Thomas Beckett in Canterbury

79
Q

What were the 7 Sacraments?

A

Baptism, Confirmation, Marriage, Ordination, Confession, Mass, Last Rites

80
Q

What did Catholics consider priests to be?

A

Representatives of God on Earth

81
Q

How did Catholics believe you could get to Heaven?

A

Salvation and justificication
(good deeds and faith)

82
Q

Why were priests crucial to forgiveness for (original) sins?

A

1 - Heard confessions
2 - Adminstered penance

83
Q

What were requirements to be priests?

A

1 - Literacy

84
Q

Where did new ideas enter England?

A

Antwerp trade, South East

85
Q

When did support for Lollards weaken? Why?

A

Weakened once declared heretical because followers feared death

86
Q

What was the requirement regarding Catholicism for Lollards?

A

To actively reject Catholic Beliefs to enter Heaven

87
Q

When did John Pykas confess to Lollard heresy?

A

1527

88
Q

How many of Luther’s books were sold in Oxford in 1520? What happened in Cambridge that year?

A

1 - Oxford booksellers sold 12 of Luther’s books
2 - Public burning of his books in Cambridge

89
Q

Who pursued Tyndale after he fled? When was he burned?

A

More, 1536

90
Q

Why did Tyndale believe in Royal Supremacy?

A

He followed the Laws of Moses

91
Q

Where did Tyndale argue for Royal Supremacy?

A

Obedience of a Christian Man, 1528

92
Q

Which two notable Englishmen were influenced by Luther’s works?

A

Cranmer and Cromwell, Henry’s advisers

93
Q

Why were Humanists not heretics?

A

They challenged Church practices rather than doctrine

94
Q

Who was Thomas More?

A

Lawyer and adviser to Henry

95
Q

When was More Chancellor?

A

1529-1532

96
Q

Why did More resign?

A

Failed to convince Henry not to challenge the papacy

97
Q

Why and when was More executed?

A

Refused to take Oath of Supremacy, 1535

98
Q

Who were two royal Humanists?

A

Henry and Catherine of Aragon

H - 2D (8 decks)

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