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H - 2D > Section 3 > Flashcards

Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name three members of the Conservative faction in the last years of Henry’s reign

A

The Duke of Norfolk, Stephen Gardiner, Sir Thomas Wriothesley

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2
Q

Name four members of the Reformist faction in the last years of Henry’s reign

A

Thomas Cranmer, Katherine Parr, Edward Seymour, Sir William Paget

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3
Q

How did Henry show his independence from the factions in 1540?

A

He executed three Lutherans and three Catholics on the same day

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4
Q

When was the Prebenderies Plot?

A

1543

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5
Q

When was the Earl of Surrey executed?

A

1547

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6
Q

Who was made Captain of Bolougne in 1545 first?

A

The Earl of Surrey, Henry Howard

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7
Q

Why was the Earl of Surrey demoted from captain?

A

He tried to attack a French fortress but failed in 1546

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8
Q

How did the Howards lose power?

A

Henry sentenced them for treason after the Earl of Surrey produced a coat of arms referencing Edward the Confessor

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9
Q

Why did the factions fight over the Dry Stamp?

A

Access to it enabled members of Henry’s inner circle to determine what received Royal assent

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10
Q

Who was put in charge of Edward’s Regents?

A

Edward Seymour (Edward’s uncle)

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11
Q

When did Henry marry Catherine Howard?

A

1540

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12
Q

When did Jane Seymour die?

A

1537

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13
Q

Why did Cromwell choose Anne of Cleves for Henry to marry in 1540?

A

Allying with Germany gave them an support against France and Spain and Cleves had also split with the Pope

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14
Q

Why was Cromwell arrested?

A

He had failed to evict a number of heretics from Calais

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15
Q

Who took over as bishop of Winchester after Wolsey fell and was a member of the conservative faction?

A

Stephen Gardiner

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16
Q

Why was Catherine Howard vulnerable in her new marriage?

A

She had had a number of liaisons unsuitable for a queen

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17
Q

Why was Catherine Howard meeting other men while married to Henry?

A

There was concern that Henry could not produce a son because of his weight

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18
Q

When was Catherine Howard executed?

A

1542

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19
Q

What year was Prince Edward born?

A

1536

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20
Q

Who did Henry marry after the death of Jane Seymour?

A

Anne of Cleves

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21
Q

Who was a member of the reformist faction?

A

Edward Seymour

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22
Q

Who was a member of the conservative faction?

A

Stephen Gardiner

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23
Q

What faction would have been most pleased with the Act of Six Articles?

A

Conservatives

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24
Q

Who was created the Earl of Essex and the Lord Great Chamberlain in 1540?

A

Thomas Cromwell

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25
Q

What was Cromwell accused of in 1540?

A

Treason, heresy and arranging a failed marriage

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26
Q

Who was Catherine Howard’s uncle?

A

The Duke of Norfolk

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27
Q

What was signed between Francis I of France and Charles V HRE/King of Spain to cause much concern for Henry?

A

A ten year peace agreement

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28
Q

When was the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

1536

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29
Q

What were the political motives behind the Dissolution of the Monasteries?

A

Breaking the power of Rome, establishing an independent state, and upholding patronage

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30
Q

What were the financial motives behind the Dissolution of the Monasteries?

A

Cromwell knew that the monasteries had enough money to finance Henry’s military ambitions

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31
Q

Name one Monastery and its net income

A

Glastonbury; £3311

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32
Q

When was the Act for the Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries?

A

1536

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33
Q

When did larger monasteries begin to voluntarily surrender?

A

1538

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34
Q

When was the Act for the Dissolution of the Larger monasteries

A

1539

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35
Q

By what year were all the monastic houses dissolved?

A

1540

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36
Q

Who led the Lincolnshire rising?

A

Nicholas Melton “Captain Cobbler”

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37
Q

Who led the York uprising?

A

Robert Aske

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38
Q

Which castle was quickly yielded to the York rebels and who by?

A

Pontefract Castle; Lord Darcy

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39
Q

Who was invited to Parliament following the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

Robert Aske

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40
Q

What were the religious motives for the dissolution of the monasteries?

A

The monks and nuns broke their vows of chastity, were lazy, self-indulgent, and had children

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41
Q

Which parts of the Pontefract Articles suggested economic motives for the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

The request for the repeal of the Statute of Uses, a request to end Enclosures, and concern over tenancy prices

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42
Q

Who was sent to deal with the Lincolnshire rebels?

A

The Duke of Suffolk

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43
Q

Who was sent to deal with the York rebels and what was he instructed to do?

A

The Duke of Norfolk; not to negotiate

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44
Q

What caused Henry to be more harsh with the rebellions and how many executions took place?

A

Sir Francis Bigod’s failed rebellion; 144

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45
Q

Which leading figures were executed after the Bigod rebellion?

A

Bigod, Aske, Lord Darcy, Lord Hussey, Thomas Miller, Sir Thomas Percy

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46
Q

How many of the 300 monasteries did Henry VIII exempt from the dissolution?

A

67

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47
Q

What political power did the abbots have in the 1530s?

A

They sat in the house of lords

48
Q

What was the wealthiest monastery in the 1530s?

A

Glastonbury

49
Q

When were commissioners as part of Valor Ecclesiasticus set out to investigate the wealth of the monasteries and behaviour of monks?

A

1535

50
Q

What was the threshold income for institutions affected by the Act for the Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries in 1536?

A

£200

51
Q

Where did the 1536 Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion begin?

A

Lincolnshire

52
Q

What was on the badge of the rebels demonstrating their religious motivation?

A

Five wounds of Christ

53
Q

Who headed the king’s army sent to put down the rebellion?

A

Duke of Suffolk

54
Q

Who was the leader of the rebellion?

A

Robert Aske

55
Q

What was the name of the list of demands from the rebels?

A

The Pontefract Articles

56
Q

Who led the secondary uprising in Yorkshire in 1537?

A

Sir Francis Bigod

57
Q

Name one of Cromwell’s commissioners sent out as part of the Valor Ecclesiasticus

A

Richard Leighton

58
Q

When were the Ten Articles passed?

A

1536

59
Q

When was Henry VIII excommunicated?

A

1538

60
Q

When were the Six Articles?

A

1539

61
Q

When was the English Bible placed in Parish Churches?

A

1540

62
Q

When was Thomas Cromwell appointed Vice-gerent?

A

1535

63
Q

When was John Lambert’s trial?

A

1538

64
Q

When was Matthew’s Bible published and what did the frontispiece look like?

A

1537; showed Henry as Supreme Head flanked by Cranmer and Cromwell

65
Q

What is Matthew’s Bible also known as?

A

The Coverdale Bible (it was 1535 Coverdale’s republished)

66
Q

Why was Matthew’s Bible controversial?

A

It relied heavily on translations made by Luther and Tyndale, who favoured Protestant translations

67
Q

Why were the Ten Articles considered Reformist?

A

They did not include the Seven Sacraments and all rituals were removed

68
Q

When was the Bishops’ Book published?

A

1537

69
Q

When was the Great Bible published?

A

1539

70
Q

When was the King’s Book published?

A

1543

71
Q

When was the reading of the Bible restricted?

A

1543

72
Q

When was English Litany introduced?

A

1544

73
Q

When was the Chantries Act?

A

1545

74
Q

What was/wasn’t included in the Bishops’ Book that Henry disapproved of?

A

Salvation by faith was emphasised; transubstantiation wasn’t mentioned at all

75
Q

When was Anne Askew executed?

A

1546

76
Q

Who resigned their sees as a result of the six articles in 1539?

A

Bishops Latimer and Shaxton

77
Q

How many of the 7 Catholic sacraments were recognised in the 1536 Act of Ten Articles?

A

3

78
Q

How many of the 7 Catholic sacraments were recognised in the 1539 Act of Six Articles?

A

7

79
Q

What was John Lambert executed for in 1538?

A

Denying transubstantiation

80
Q

What is the Institution of Christian Man also known as and when was it published?

A

The Bishop’s Book; 1537

81
Q

What was the theological influence of the Bishop’s Book?

A

Lutheran

82
Q

What was a feature of the 1544 Act for the Advancement of True Religion?

A

Restriction of reading of English Bible to nobles only

83
Q

What was the language of the mass in the 1540s?

A

Latin

84
Q

What status was given to prayers for the dead in the King’s Book?

A

Restored as a way to reduce time spent in purgatory

85
Q

How did Henry use his wealth as Supreme Head of the Church?

A

To launch a war on France and Scotland

86
Q

When was the Treaty of Nice signed and who between?

A

1538; Charles V and Francis I

87
Q

When was Cromwell beheaded?

A

1540

88
Q

What title was Cromwell given in 1540?

A

Earl of Essex

89
Q

What were Henry’s four foreign policy aims?

A

To regain control of the former French territories; to establish himself as an equal with Charles V and Francis I; to maintain links with the Netherlands; to secure the Tudor dynasty

90
Q

What was the Auld alliance?

A

A series of agreements signed by Scotland and France specifically against England

91
Q

When did the Pope call a crusade against England?

A

1538

92
Q

Why was the Treaty of Nice bad for England?

A

It united the two biggest powers in Europe, who were being encouraged by the Pope to launch a crusade against England

93
Q

When did James V die?

A

1542

94
Q

When was the Battle of Solway Moss and was it a victory or defeat for Henry?

A

1542; victory

95
Q

When was the Treaty of Camp signed?

A

1546

96
Q

What did the Treaty of Camp give Henry?

A

Control of Bolougne for eight years and pension payment

97
Q

What did Henry outline in his last speech in Parliament?

A

His legacy should be preserved; the Church of England should be preserved; in order to protect Edward disputes should be resolved

98
Q

Why was Henry reluctant to attack France despite it being his most important foreign policy?

A

The Auld Alliance France had with Scotland

99
Q

Between what years did France and Spain have an uneasy peace?

A

1529-36

100
Q

Why was Henry unable to exploit France’s weakness in 1536 when war broke out with Spain again?

A

He had to deploy his forces to deal with the Pilgrimage of Grace

101
Q

How long was the treaty of Nice meant to last for?

A

10 years

102
Q

What was the Schmalkaldic League?

A

A group of German princes who defended Protestantism from Charles V’s militant Catholicism

103
Q

What did Cromwell go the Schmalkaldic League for?

A

A princess to marry Henry

104
Q

What were Wyatt and Norfolk sent to do at the Spanish and French courts by Henry?

A

Try to disrupt the peace by exposing plots against the other country

105
Q

When did the treaty of Nice end and why?

A

1541; Charles V agreed to an alliance with Stephen Gardiner

106
Q

When was the Prebenderies Plot, and who did it try to discredit?

A

1543; Cranmer

107
Q

Why was Anne Askew burnt at the stake in 1546?

A

For spreading Protestant heretical literature

108
Q

What is the ‘Auld Alliance?’

A

An alliance between Scotland and France

109
Q

Where did England defeat Scotland in the 1540s?

A

Solway Moss, Ancrum Moor and Pinkie

110
Q

How large was Henry’s army that invaded France in 1543?

A

48,000

111
Q

What was the most notable outcome of the Treaty of Camp signed with France in 1546?

A

Secured Bologne for 8 years

112
Q

What was the cost of the French war 1542-6 compared to the gain of the French pension?

A

£2.1m cost to £205,000 gain

113
Q

When was the war with France?

A

1542-46

114
Q

What was the relationship between Jane Seymour and Edward Seymour, the Earl of Hertford?

A

Brother

115
Q

Who did Henry appoint as regent for Edward?

A

Edward Seymour and John Dudley

H - 2D (8 decks)

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