Section 3 Flashcards
Name three members of the Conservative faction in the last years of Henry’s reign
The Duke of Norfolk, Stephen Gardiner, Sir Thomas Wriothesley
Name four members of the Reformist faction in the last years of Henry’s reign
Thomas Cranmer, Katherine Parr, Edward Seymour, Sir William Paget
How did Henry show his independence from the factions in 1540?
He executed three Lutherans and three Catholics on the same day
When was the Prebenderies Plot?
1543
When was the Earl of Surrey executed?
1547
Who was made Captain of Bolougne in 1545 first?
The Earl of Surrey, Henry Howard
Why was the Earl of Surrey demoted from captain?
He tried to attack a French fortress but failed in 1546
How did the Howards lose power?
Henry sentenced them for treason after the Earl of Surrey produced a coat of arms referencing Edward the Confessor
Why did the factions fight over the Dry Stamp?
Access to it enabled members of Henry’s inner circle to determine what received Royal assent
Who was put in charge of Edward’s Regents?
Edward Seymour (Edward’s uncle)
When did Henry marry Catherine Howard?
1540
When did Jane Seymour die?
1537
Why did Cromwell choose Anne of Cleves for Henry to marry in 1540?
Allying with Germany gave them an support against France and Spain and Cleves had also split with the Pope
Why was Cromwell arrested?
He had failed to evict a number of heretics from Calais
Who took over as bishop of Winchester after Wolsey fell and was a member of the conservative faction?
Stephen Gardiner
Why was Catherine Howard vulnerable in her new marriage?
She had had a number of liaisons unsuitable for a queen
Why was Catherine Howard meeting other men while married to Henry?
There was concern that Henry could not produce a son because of his weight
When was Catherine Howard executed?
1542
What year was Prince Edward born?
1536
Who did Henry marry after the death of Jane Seymour?
Anne of Cleves
Who was a member of the reformist faction?
Edward Seymour
Who was a member of the conservative faction?
Stephen Gardiner
What faction would have been most pleased with the Act of Six Articles?
Conservatives
Who was created the Earl of Essex and the Lord Great Chamberlain in 1540?
Thomas Cromwell
What was Cromwell accused of in 1540?
Treason, heresy and arranging a failed marriage
Who was Catherine Howard’s uncle?
The Duke of Norfolk
What was signed between Francis I of France and Charles V HRE/King of Spain to cause much concern for Henry?
A ten year peace agreement
When was the Pilgrimage of Grace?
1536
What were the political motives behind the Dissolution of the Monasteries?
Breaking the power of Rome, establishing an independent state, and upholding patronage
What were the financial motives behind the Dissolution of the Monasteries?
Cromwell knew that the monasteries had enough money to finance Henry’s military ambitions
Name one Monastery and its net income
Glastonbury; £3311
When was the Act for the Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries?
1536
When did larger monasteries begin to voluntarily surrender?
1538
When was the Act for the Dissolution of the Larger monasteries
1539
By what year were all the monastic houses dissolved?
1540
Who led the Lincolnshire rising?
Nicholas Melton “Captain Cobbler”
Who led the York uprising?
Robert Aske
Which castle was quickly yielded to the York rebels and who by?
Pontefract Castle; Lord Darcy
Who was invited to Parliament following the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Robert Aske
What were the religious motives for the dissolution of the monasteries?
The monks and nuns broke their vows of chastity, were lazy, self-indulgent, and had children
Which parts of the Pontefract Articles suggested economic motives for the Pilgrimage of Grace?
The request for the repeal of the Statute of Uses, a request to end Enclosures, and concern over tenancy prices
Who was sent to deal with the Lincolnshire rebels?
The Duke of Suffolk
Who was sent to deal with the York rebels and what was he instructed to do?
The Duke of Norfolk; not to negotiate
What caused Henry to be more harsh with the rebellions and how many executions took place?
Sir Francis Bigod’s failed rebellion; 144
Which leading figures were executed after the Bigod rebellion?
Bigod, Aske, Lord Darcy, Lord Hussey, Thomas Miller, Sir Thomas Percy
How many of the 300 monasteries did Henry VIII exempt from the dissolution?
67
What political power did the abbots have in the 1530s?
They sat in the house of lords
What was the wealthiest monastery in the 1530s?
Glastonbury
When were commissioners as part of Valor Ecclesiasticus set out to investigate the wealth of the monasteries and behaviour of monks?
1535
What was the threshold income for institutions affected by the Act for the Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries in 1536?
£200
Where did the 1536 Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion begin?
Lincolnshire
What was on the badge of the rebels demonstrating their religious motivation?
Five wounds of Christ
Who headed the king’s army sent to put down the rebellion?
Duke of Suffolk
Who was the leader of the rebellion?
Robert Aske
What was the name of the list of demands from the rebels?
The Pontefract Articles
Who led the secondary uprising in Yorkshire in 1537?
Sir Francis Bigod
Name one of Cromwell’s commissioners sent out as part of the Valor Ecclesiasticus
Richard Leighton
When were the Ten Articles passed?
1536
When was Henry VIII excommunicated?
1538
When were the Six Articles?
1539
When was the English Bible placed in Parish Churches?
1540
When was Thomas Cromwell appointed Vice-gerent?
1535
When was John Lambert’s trial?
1538
When was Matthew’s Bible published and what did the frontispiece look like?
1537; showed Henry as Supreme Head flanked by Cranmer and Cromwell
What is Matthew’s Bible also known as?
The Coverdale Bible (it was 1535 Coverdale’s republished)
Why was Matthew’s Bible controversial?
It relied heavily on translations made by Luther and Tyndale, who favoured Protestant translations
Why were the Ten Articles considered Reformist?
They did not include the Seven Sacraments and all rituals were removed
When was the Bishops’ Book published?
1537
When was the Great Bible published?
1539
When was the King’s Book published?
1543
When was the reading of the Bible restricted?
1543
When was English Litany introduced?
1544
When was the Chantries Act?
1545
What was/wasn’t included in the Bishops’ Book that Henry disapproved of?
Salvation by faith was emphasised; transubstantiation wasn’t mentioned at all
When was Anne Askew executed?
1546
Who resigned their sees as a result of the six articles in 1539?
Bishops Latimer and Shaxton
How many of the 7 Catholic sacraments were recognised in the 1536 Act of Ten Articles?
3
How many of the 7 Catholic sacraments were recognised in the 1539 Act of Six Articles?
7
What was John Lambert executed for in 1538?
Denying transubstantiation
What is the Institution of Christian Man also known as and when was it published?
The Bishop’s Book; 1537
What was the theological influence of the Bishop’s Book?
Lutheran
What was a feature of the 1544 Act for the Advancement of True Religion?
Restriction of reading of English Bible to nobles only
What was the language of the mass in the 1540s?
Latin
What status was given to prayers for the dead in the King’s Book?
Restored as a way to reduce time spent in purgatory
How did Henry use his wealth as Supreme Head of the Church?
To launch a war on France and Scotland
When was the Treaty of Nice signed and who between?
1538; Charles V and Francis I
When was Cromwell beheaded?
1540
What title was Cromwell given in 1540?
Earl of Essex
What were Henry’s four foreign policy aims?
To regain control of the former French territories; to establish himself as an equal with Charles V and Francis I; to maintain links with the Netherlands; to secure the Tudor dynasty
What was the Auld alliance?
A series of agreements signed by Scotland and France specifically against England
When did the Pope call a crusade against England?
1538
Why was the Treaty of Nice bad for England?
It united the two biggest powers in Europe, who were being encouraged by the Pope to launch a crusade against England
When did James V die?
1542
When was the Battle of Solway Moss and was it a victory or defeat for Henry?
1542; victory
When was the Treaty of Camp signed?
1546
What did the Treaty of Camp give Henry?
Control of Bolougne for eight years and pension payment
What did Henry outline in his last speech in Parliament?
His legacy should be preserved; the Church of England should be preserved; in order to protect Edward disputes should be resolved
Why was Henry reluctant to attack France despite it being his most important foreign policy?
The Auld Alliance France had with Scotland
Between what years did France and Spain have an uneasy peace?
1529-36
Why was Henry unable to exploit France’s weakness in 1536 when war broke out with Spain again?
He had to deploy his forces to deal with the Pilgrimage of Grace
How long was the treaty of Nice meant to last for?
10 years
What was the Schmalkaldic League?
A group of German princes who defended Protestantism from Charles V’s militant Catholicism
What did Cromwell go the Schmalkaldic League for?
A princess to marry Henry
What were Wyatt and Norfolk sent to do at the Spanish and French courts by Henry?
Try to disrupt the peace by exposing plots against the other country
When did the treaty of Nice end and why?
1541; Charles V agreed to an alliance with Stephen Gardiner
When was the Prebenderies Plot, and who did it try to discredit?
1543; Cranmer
Why was Anne Askew burnt at the stake in 1546?
For spreading Protestant heretical literature
What is the ‘Auld Alliance?’
An alliance between Scotland and France
Where did England defeat Scotland in the 1540s?
Solway Moss, Ancrum Moor and Pinkie
How large was Henry’s army that invaded France in 1543?
48,000
What was the most notable outcome of the Treaty of Camp signed with France in 1546?
Secured Bologne for 8 years
What was the cost of the French war 1542-6 compared to the gain of the French pension?
£2.1m cost to £205,000 gain
When was the war with France?
1542-46
What was the relationship between Jane Seymour and Edward Seymour, the Earl of Hertford?
Brother
Who did Henry appoint as regent for Edward?
Edward Seymour and John Dudley
