Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam Prep > Wheelchairs and Positioning > Flashcards

Wheelchairs and Positioning Flashcards

1
Q

Hands-free sitter

A

Patient can maintain seated position without use of hands, seating system emphasizes mobility, stability with base of support and comfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hands-dependent sitter

A

Patient uses one or more hands to maintain seated position, pelvis/trunk support required to enable free hands for functional activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Propper sitter

A

Patient lacks ability to sit without support, total body support required for posture and repositioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What body structure should be observed first for wheelchair positioning

A

Position of pelvis and trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If deformity exists seated in wheelchair what should you do

A

Apply manual pressure to determine if the deformity is flexible or inflexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pelvic obliquity

A

One side of pelvis is lower than other side which can lead to scoliotic posture and pressure ulcers on ischial tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Kyphosis

A

Pelvis rotates posteriorly
Sacral sitting
Flexion of lumbar spine
Clients slide forward in w/c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scoliosis

A

Pelvis rotates to one side
Spine and trunk move in opposite direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lordosis

A

Pelvis rotates anteriorly
Increased curvature of lumbar spine
Patient use UE for support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Windswept deformity

A

Abduction and external rotation of one hip while the opposite hip is in adduction and internal rotation

Pelvis rotates laterally with thighs moving to opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What hip ROM do you need for manual propulsion and sitting upright

A

90 degrees hip flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reference seated position

A

Trunk upright in midline
Hip, knees, ankles 90 flexion
Pelvis natural
Head in mid-position
Arms at the side of trunk
Elbows flexion to 90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prolonged sitting can result in

A

Pressure ulcers
Back pain
Joint contractures
LE edema
Postural deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the key to stability

A

Pelvic positioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What provides the base of support for stability and movement when seated

A

Pelvis and thighs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Seat supports

A

Pelvis and thighs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Back supports

A

Posterior pelvis and spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pressure mapping

A

Use of pressure sensitive mat between client and seating surface to determine effectiveness of different cushions for relieving pressure on seating surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Flat/planar cushion shape

A
  • None to minimal postural support
  • Patient can reposition themselves independently
  • Do not accommodate body shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Standard contoured cushion shape

A
  • Contours based on body size
  • More support than flat
  • Distribute pressure across surface
  • Less expensive than custom-contoured
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Custom-contoured cushion shape

A
  • Shaped to client body
  • Provide most support
  • Distribute pressure across surface
  • More expensive
  • Patients limited to one position
  • Transfers are more difficulty to perform
  • System not adaptable (child growth)
  • For patients who need support to maintain balance, have spinal or pelvis deformities, have muscle tone abnormalities or need additional lumbar support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Foam cushion

A
  • Variable density
  • Lightweight
  • Low in cost
  • Heat and moisture can build up
  • Custom-contoured foam is more expensive and provides better postural control, shearing, and weight shifting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gel filled cushion

A
  • Conform to shape of buttocks
  • Heavy
  • Adequate for postural control
  • Sensitive to temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Air filled cushion

A
  • Lightweight
  • Provide even pressure relief when properly inflated
  • Reduce postural stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Honeycomb-shape plastic cushion

A
  • Uneven pressure relief
  • Lightweight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hybrid cushion

A
  • Combination of materials
  • Usually gel and foam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Alternating pressure cushion

A
  • Provide scheduled pressure relief through alternating levels of inflation and delation
  • Decrease postural stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pelvic stabilizer (SubASIS bar)

A

Positioned at front of pelvis to limit pelvis mobility (tilt, rotation, obliquity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Thoracic supports

A

Places laterally to trunk and below armpit to facilitate trunk stability and prevent scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Thigh supports

A

Placed laterally or medially to thighs to control AB/AD for windswept deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Head rest positioing

A

Back to head on occiput

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Seat width measurement

A

Widest part of hips/thighs plus 1-2 inches to leave room between thighs and chair for repositioning/transfers, to avoid rubbing/pressure and accommodate bulky clothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Seat depth measurement

A

Measure base of back to popliteal space of knee minus 1-2 inches to ensure seat edge does not reach back of knee and restrict movement/circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Seat-back measurement

A

Measure from seat surface with cushion to top of shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Seat height measurement

A

Measure popliteal space to bottom of clients heel with footrests having 2-inch clearance from floor to keep thighs parallel to flow and feet resting comfortability on footrests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

If minimal trunk support is required

A

Can measure seat-back height to mid-back under the scapulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

If max trunk support is requried

A

Hight seat-back height may be needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

If seat-back hight is too

A

Contact with push rim will be limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Sport chairs

A

Have lower seat-back height which increases functional mobility and decreases stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Seat angle

A

Sloping of sat to the rear of wheelchair to help stabilize pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Too much sloping of seat angle can

A

Make transfers more difficulty
Cause pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Back angle

A

Recline to ease pressure associated with hip flexion

43
Q

Armrest height measurement

A

Seating surface to bottom of client flexed elbow plus one inch to support UE and provide leverage for pushing up for pressure release and assisting in postural alignment

44
Q

If armrest too high

A

Shoulder elevation

45
Q

If armrest too low

A

Elicits leaning

46
Q

Marginal ambulatory user

A
  • Can walk short distances
  • May need w/c on occasion (outdoors)
  • Can benefit from power mobility (scooter)
47
Q

Manual wheelchair user

A
  • Can propel manual w/c with BUE and BLE or one of each or is pushed by caregiver
48
Q

Marginal manual wheelchair user

A
  • Can propel manual for short distance due to UE weakness, poor endurance
  • Use power wheelchair at times
49
Q

Totally or severely mobility impaired used

A
  • Unable to propel
  • TD on power chair
50
Q

Frame

A

Material chair is made of

51
Q

Frame affects

A

1) w/c weight
2) w/c structure
3) Durability
4) storage
5) Transportability

52
Q

Transport chair

A
  • Pushed by caregiver
  • Small rear wheels make them light and transportable
  • Short distances
  • Temporary use
53
Q

Manual chairs

A
  • Self-propelled or pushed by caregiver
  • Temporary use
54
Q

Types of manual chairs

A

1) Standard chair
2) Lightweight chair
3) Ultra-lightweight chiar
4) Heavy-duty chairs

55
Q

Standard chairs

A
  • Fold ability
  • Heavy
  • Made of steel
  • Limited adjustability
  • Read axil fixed
  • One-arm drive attachment
56
Q

Lightweight chairs

A
  • Similar to standard
  • Light
  • Made of aluminum
  • Limited adjustability
57
Q

Ultra-light weight chairs

A
  • Available as rigid or folding frames
  • Fold for transport
  • Adjustable axle
  • Quick-release wheels
  • Customizable
58
Q

Heavy-duty chairs

A
  • Clients > 300 lbs
  • Obesity or extreme spasticity
59
Q

Scooter

A
  • Pt. with limited walking ability
  • 3 or 4 wheels
  • steered with tiler
  • Swiveled seat for transfer
  • Adjustability
60
Q

Power chairs

A
  • Pt. who cannot propel
  • Controlled with joystick, breath, head, chin, eye, tongue
  • Very customizable
  • Drive wheel placed at front, middle or rear
61
Q

Patients who require tilt and recline features

A

Hip contracure
Need pressure relief
Need fatigue relief
Cannot reposition independently
Unable to maintain upright seated position

62
Q

Tilt and recline feature support

A

Muscle tone
Orthostasis
Catheterization
Head/trunk control
Visual contact

63
Q

Tilt feature

A

Seat to back angle is fixed with 0-45 degrees change orientation in space but not position

Prevents shearing and reduced pressure

Good for self-care activities

64
Q

Recline feature

A

Seat to back angle changes to more than 90 degrees moving from upright to horizontal position

Provides rest break

Good for self-care activities and orthostatic hypotension

65
Q

Benefits of standing chairs

A
  • Improve circulation
  • Improve bowel/bladder function
  • Reduce LE spasticity
  • Provides pressure relief
  • Can reach higher items
  • Increased independence
  • Social interactions at face-to-face level
66
Q

Population for hemi-height chair

A

Short stature
Need to self-propel
Lower seat height

67
Q

Population for heavy-duty chair

A

Obesity
Severe spasticity

68
Q

Rear axle placement for heavy-duty chair

A

Displaced forward

69
Q

Rear axle placement for amputee chair

A

Set back to increase stability and compensate for loss of weight of missing limb and changed centered of gravity

70
Q

Rubber tires

A

No maintenance

71
Q

Pneumatic tires (air filled)

A

Maintenance to keep filled with air due to shock absorbing during use

72
Q

Drive wheel position for increases stability

A

Patient center of mass is ahead of drive wheel axle

73
Q

Drive wheel position for increased mobility

A

Drive wheel close to or slightly in front of patient center of mass

74
Q

When axle is aligned below shoulders

A

Access to push rims is improved resulting in increased movement efficiency

75
Q

Power-assisted wheels

A

Motor component in wheel hub activated when patient pushes on rims to decrease effort required

76
Q

Lapboard

A

Fits across armrests to support weak UE or provide work surface

77
Q

Positioning belt

A

Stabilizes pelvis at a 45 degree angle to base of seat back

78
Q

Hand rim projections

A

Compensate for weak grasp to propel chair

79
Q

Break level extender

A

Compensate for limited ROM for reaching break

80
Q

Anti-tip device

A

Prevents chair from tipping backward

81
Q

Hill holder

A

Prevents chair from going backwards when traveling up hill/ramp but allows for forward movement

82
Q

Push handles

A

Make pushing chair easier for caregiver

83
Q

Adjustable-tension backrest

A

Replaces sling backrest to allow for adjusted tension to loosen or tighten (common for kyphosis)

84
Q

Wedge cushion

A

Anti-thrust cushion that has higher front than back to prevent forward sliding

85
Q

Wedge cushion

A

Anti-thrust cushion that has higher front than back to prevent forward sliding

86
Q

Pressure relief techniques

A

Push ups
Side to side movement
Schedule for weight shifts and skin monitoring

87
Q

Medical necessity includes

A

Increased function, health, safety, user satisfaction

88
Q

Mobility-assisted equipment (MAE) documentation criteria

A

Symptoms
Related dx
History (intervention that have been tried with results)
Physical examination
Functional assessment of MRADL
Recommendation and rationale

89
Q

Medicare clients are eligible for MAE if

A

They have personal mobility deficits that impact participation in MRADL in the home

90
Q

Medicare MRADL

A

Toileting, feeding, dressing, grooming, or bathing.

91
Q

What type of cushion is often needed for patient who need accommodations for deformities of the pelvis or spine

A

Custom-contoured foam

92
Q

Transfer pelvis, heel and arm positioning

A
  • Anterior pelvic tilt
  • Heels point toward the surface to which the client is transferring
  • Push up from wheelchair armrest
93
Q

Why is it important to ensure wheelchairs have appropriate seat depth

A

Distribute body weight along entire surface

94
Q

Hip flexion less than 90

A

Causes positioning in reclined position and increases pressure on the sacral region

95
Q

Angle for SPT w/c to bed

A

Position the chair at a 0°–30° angle to the bed

96
Q

Purpose of a wheelchair cushion

A

Redistribute pressure on the sitting surface away from the ischial tuberosities and the coccyx.

97
Q

Tilt-in-space feature

A

Rotates the seat around a fixed axis, does not change the client’s position, and provides pressure relief for the buttocks

98
Q

Main objective for wheelchair seat width

A

Distribute weight over the widest possible surface while keeping the width of the chair as narrow as possible

99
Q

In what conditions can the pelvis be flexible or fixed

A

scoliosis, windswept deformity, and kyphosis, lordosis

100
Q

K0005

A

Ultra lightweight wheelchair that is fully adjustable

101
Q

K0002 code

A

Standard hemi wheelchair for clients who need lower seat height due to short stature or to enable self-propulsion using BLE

102
Q

K0007 code

A

Extra-heavy-duty for patients 300 pounds+

103
Q

K0001 code

A

Standard chair, most basic, least adjustable wheelchair, meets the minimal standard for Medicare

Exam Prep (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions