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Exam Prep > Cardiopulmonary & Respiratory > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary & Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

General MET rules

A

Cardiac care unit: 1-2 mets
6 week healing period: 2-4 mets

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2
Q

1.0 - 1.4 MET

A

Stage 1
Sitting
Self-feeding, washing hands, bed mobility, table games, exercises in supine (neck and LE seated)

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3
Q

1.4 - 2.0 MET

A

Stage 2
Sitting
Dressing, seated sponge bathing, slow ambulation in room, seated exercises, seated crafts

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4
Q

2.0 - 3.0 MET

A

Stage 3
Sitting to standing
Seated shower, w/c mobility, brief standing, limited walking, light chores, light stationary bike

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5
Q

3.0 - 3.5 MET

A

Stage 4
Standing
Standing warm shower, unlimited walking, less than 2 flights stairs, light chores, mild resistance exercise, treadmill 6 mph

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6
Q

4.0 - 4.5 MET

A

Stage 5
Standing
Walking with stairs as tolerated, medium chores, 7-10 lb. weights with increased weights and increased treadmill

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7
Q

4.1+ MET

A

Standing
Standing hot shower, most chores and increased exercise (sex at 5)

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8
Q

5-7 MET

A

Brisk walking
Lifting 50-100#

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9
Q

7-10 MET

A

Jogging (7-8)
Running (8-9)

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10
Q

Stable angina

A

Chest pain that resolves with rest and nitroglycerin or both

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11
Q

Unstable angina

A

Chest pain that does not resolve with rest or nitroglycerin and requires emergency tx

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12
Q

Asthma

A

Hyper-inflated lungs and inflamed airways that expand over rib cage and can make it difficult to breath, barrel chest presentation

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13
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Airways fill with thick mucus making it difficulty to breath and causing damage to lungs and other organs, yellow/orange tint to skin

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14
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart where pumping blood to rest of body can be difficulty which can lead to heart failure, SOB, LE swelling, abdomen bloating

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15
Q

Myocardial infaction

A

Decreased or complete cessation of blood flow to the myocardium

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16
Q

Emphysema

A

Type of COPD that causes gradual damage of lung tissue and alveoli resulting in increased RR and pinkish skin coloration

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17
Q

Collapsed lung

A

Occurs with air escapes from the lung and fills the space outside the lung between the lung and chest wall putting pressure on the lung and ability to expand

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18
Q

Cirrhosis of liver

A

liver scarring and damage that can result in liver failure often due to alcohol abuse or hepatitis, yellow/orange tint to skin, gastro bleeding, swollen abdomen

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19
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Type of COPD causing long term inflammation of bronchi that is common in smokers and results in poor oxygenations, cyanosis, edema, increased infection risk

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20
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Mechanical heart problem impacting ability to fill heart with blood and decreased ability to contract over time

Right sided: blood flows back into venous system causing cyanotic nail beds, jaundice, edema

Left sided: blood floes back into the lung causing difficulty breathing, anxiety and cerebral hypoxia

21
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Aortic valve narrows and blood cannot flow normally

22
Q

Aortic insufficiency

A

Aortic heart value no longer functions adequately to control flow of blood from left ventricle into aorta

23
Q

COPD

A

Group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems resulting in SOB and chronic cough

24
Q

COPD strategies

A

Pursed lip breathing
Exhale on exertion
Energy conservation

25
Q

Cardiac arrhythmia

A

Irregular heartbeat causing tachycardia or bradycardia

26
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Narrowing of arteries that limits blood flow and oxygen to the hearts due to build up of fatty material in artery walls treated surgically with angioplasty or CABG

27
Q

CABG

A

Surgical procedure to treat coronary heart disease where surgeon bypasses the blocked portion of the artery with a health blood vessel from elsewhere in the body (leg, chest) with one end placed above the blockage and one placed below thee blockage

28
Q

Peripheral artery disease

A

Narrowing or blockage of vessels that carry blood from heart to the legs resulting in decreased blood flow when exercising

29
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Blood clot stuck in artery of the lungs blocking blood flow, often caused by DVT

30
Q

DVT

A

Blood clot in deep vein of leg, pelvis and sometimes arm, blood clot does not cause heart attack or stroke and pt. can return to activity as soon as effective anticoagulation level has been reached. Symptoms include pain, swelling, warm to touch, redness

31
Q

Endocarditis

A

Infection that travels to the heart

32
Q

Postprandial orthostatic hypotension

A

Decrease in BP from supine to standing after eating a meal - pt. should avoid positional change within 30 minutes of eating

33
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

respiratory rate more than 100 bpm that can case sudden cardiac death - therapy should be deferred until pt. is medically stable

34
Q

Heart donor transplant

A

heart is denervated post transplant and the autonomic system does not control HR relying on circulating hormones for regulation with take long to increase/decrease HR

35
Q

Pacemaker precautions

A

No shoulder flexion/abduction above 90 degrees on side of pacemaker implant for 4 weeks

36
Q

Sternal precations

A

No lifting over 10 lb. on one side
No pulling up body weight
No movement that strain sternum 6-12 weeks

37
Q

How to reduce anxiety, dyspnea, SOB

A

Ask pt. to lean forward and place forearms on thigh and practice pursed-lip breathin

38
Q

Psychiatric condition most frequently seen with cardiac disease

A

Major depression

39
Q

No exertion on BORG scale

A

6

40
Q

Light exertion on BORG scale

A

7-11

41
Q

Moderate exertion on BORG scale

A

12-14 “somewhat hard”

42
Q

Hard exertion on BORG scale

A

15-19

43
Q

Max exertion on BORG scale

A

20

44
Q

Aerobic activity formula

A

60-75% max heart HR for 20 mins 3x/week

45
Q

Controllable risk factors

A

Smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes

46
Q

Uncontrollable risk factors

A

Age, family history, gender

47
Q

Types of surgeries

A
  1. Open heart (CABG or valve replacement)
  2. Angioplasty
  3. Atherectomy
48
Q

Inpatient cardiac rehab phase

A

Monitor vitals
Progression of ADL and activity based on MET
Monitoring symptoms for activity tolerance
Develop home exercise program
Energy conservation and task simplification

49
Q

Outpatient cardiac rehab phase

A

Progression with activity using MET
Risk factor modification education
Work hardening
Weight training

Exam Prep (19 decks)

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