What Makes Wine, Wine?

Question 1

A grape berry is by weight (%)…?

Answer 1

75% pulp, 20% skin, and 5% seeds

Question 2

Pulp is

Answer 2

The soft, juicy center of a grape. Water, sugar, acids, minerals, and vitamins.

Question 3

Sugar in pulp will be converted into…

Answer 3

Ethanol

Question 4

Skins are responsible for

Answer 4

Wine’s aroma, flavour, colour, and tannin.

Question 5

During fermentation, a yeast cell takes ______ and turns it into ______, in the process ____ and _____ are thrown off.

Answer 5

One sugar molecule
Two ethanol molecules
Two carbon dioxide molecules
Heat

Question 6

Alcohol determines the ____ of the wine

Answer 6

Body

Question 7

The more alcohol, the ______ the body

Answer 7

Fuller

Question 8

As for taste, alcohol can impact wine in two ways that are negative

Answer 8

1. High alcohol can mask the flavour of wine

2. High alcohol comes from very ripe grapes, which have an overcooked fruit character

Question 9

As a grape ripens it’s acid content changes from _____ to ______ %

Answer 9

3 to less than 1

Question 10

As a grape ripens, it’s sugar content changes from _______ to ______ %

Answer 10

4 to 24

Question 11

Acid gives wine it’s

Answer 11

Liveliness, snappiness, freshness, and thirst quenching-ness. It also gives wine its precision and clarity.

Question 12

Wines that lack acidity do not ____ well

Answer 12

Age

Question 13

What do winemakers often add to wine to mimic naturally occurring acidity?

Answer 13

Tartaric acid

Question 14

German winemakers distinguish between three kinds of acidity

Answer 14

1. Harsh acidity (sensory equivalent of shattering glass)
2. Round acidity (harmonious crispness)
3. Candies acidity (sweet crystalline taste of the power on sour patch kids)

Question 15

What is VA, how does it occur?

Answer 15

Volatile acidity, acetic acid formed by bacteria during or after fermentation

Question 16

VA will make wine smell like ____ and taste _____

Answer 16

Vinegar, dank and sour

Question 17

Plants build tannins for

Answer 17

Protection, preservation, and defence

Question 18

Tannin in found in

Answer 18

Grape skin, seeds, and stems

Question 19

Tannin provides what two things for a wine

Answer 19

1. Structure

2. Ageability

Question 20

Different grape varieties are predisposed to to having different amounts of tannin, T or F?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Tannin is both a taste and a feel, the taste is ____ and the feel is ____

Answer 21

Bitterness, astringency or dryness.

Question 22

Three examples of least tannic varieties

Answer 22

Gamay, Pinot noir, Sangiovese

Question 23

Three examples of most tannic varieties

Answer 23

Nebbiolo, petite Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon

Question 24

How do winemakers check the maturity of grape tannins?

Answer 24

Breaking open grapes and looking at seeds, the seeds turn a nutty brown as tannins ripen

Question 25

Why does tannin dry out your mouth?

Answer 25

Tannin molecules in wine are hugely attracted to the protein in saliva. It’s not the tannin itself that is drying, but rather the saliva, bound to tannin molecules, can no longer lubricant your palate.

Question 26

In the world of wine, dry means

Answer 26

The wine has no more natural grape sugar that could be converted into alcohol during fermentation

Question 27

According the to EU, a wine labelled sweet must have ____ % residual sugar

Answer 27

4.5