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Practice Somm Test Questions/Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Hectoliter

A
  • 26.42 gallons
  • 133 bottles
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2
Q

Cahors principal grape

A

Malbec

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3
Q

# of champagne growers in the Champagne region

A

19,000

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4
Q

# of champagne growers in the Champagne region

A

19,000

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5
Q

4 Main wines from Cote Chalonnaise, Burgundy

A

Givry, mercurey, montagny, and rully

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6
Q

RM (recoltant manipulant)
Champagne Region

A

Champagne house that buys grapes and grows their own

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7
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon region in France

A

Bordeaux

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8
Q

French region where Gamay is the main grape

A

Beaujolais

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9
Q

Grape color in blanc de blanc champagne

A

White

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10
Q

Town of Riquewihr region, France

A

Alsace

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11
Q

Chablis grape

A

Chardonnay

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12
Q

Highest quality category on Italian scale

A

DOCG—denominazione di origine controllata e garantita

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13
Q

Proper serving temperature of vintage port

A

64-68 degrees

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14
Q

Gavi DOCG grape

A

Cortese

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15
Q

Free run juice

A

Juice that drains without pressing from mass of fresh crushed grapes

*lower tannins than pressed wine

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16
Q

Rioja

A

Spanish wine region
Red wine capital
Most wine produced
Main grapes: tempranillo and garnacha
Buying: level, style, and reputation of winemaker
Varieties are not on label

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17
Q

Spanish wine laws and # of designated regions

A

Denominacion de origen (DO)

71 DO regions, 2 DOC currently

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18
Q

Vin de pays d’Oc region

A

Languedoc-roussillon

Region covers all wines that aren’t made under strict AOC laws

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19
Q

Baden region main grape

A

Spatburgunder (Pinot noir)

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20
Q

Eiswein

A

“Ice wine” in German
Dessert wine produced from grapes that have frozen while still on the vine

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21
Q

Vendange Tardive (VT)

A

Means late harvest in French
Style of dessert wine where the grapes are allowed to hang on vine until they start to dehydrate
Produces rich, full-bodied wines

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22
Q

Ripasso

A

“Repassed”
Veneto region practice where young valpolicella wine is put in previously used amarone barrel to achieve secondary fermentation
*adds complexity

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23
Q

Alsace’s most distinctive grape

A

Gewurztraminer

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24
Q

Single quinta port

A

Highest quality port from a single harvest and single estate (quinta)
Not as high quality as vintage port which is determined at harvest
Both types are bottled and aged the same way, however single quinta port can be drunk immediately

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25
Q

Aglianico

A

Red grape in southern Italy
Major wine produced is Taurasi “the powerhouse wine”
Full-body

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26
Q

Native grapes of Spain

A

White: Albariño, Verdejo, macabeo, and carinena

Red: Tempranillo, garnacha, and monastrell

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27
Q

France’s 4 major white wine regions

A

Alsace, Loire valley, Bordeaux, burgundy

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28
Q

3 AVAs overlapping Washington and Oregon

A

Columbia valley, walla walla valley, and Columbia gorge

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29
Q

Multiple parallel fermentation

A

Starch converting to sugar converting to alcohol-same time, same vessel

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30
Q

Largest Australian appellation

A

South eastern Australia Super Zone

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31
Q

“Passito”

A

Italian term for dried grape wine

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32
Q

Major South African wine geographic units (5)

A

Western cape
Northern cape
Eastern cape
Kwazulu-natal
Limpopo

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33
Q

Madeira and sherry necessary storage orientation

A

Must be upright, alcohol can erode cork

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34
Q

Vouvray wine characteristics

A

Loire valley region
Known as the “chameleon” because it can be sweet, semi sweet, or dry
100% chenin blanc
Pairs well with fruit and cheese

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35
Q

of Beaujolais crus

A

10

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36
Q

Russian czar Nicholas II’s favorite champagne

A

Cristal

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37
Q

Year the “official classification of classed growth” of Bordeaux wines came to be

A

1855

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38
Q

Remueur role

A

Riddle champagne bottles to get lees to the cork

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39
Q

Main white grape in Middle Loire

A

Chenin blanc

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40
Q

3 grapes used to make champagne

A

Chardonnay
Pinot noir
Pinot meunier

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41
Q

Beaujolais primary grape

A

Gamay

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42
Q

Famous monk who supposedly put bubbles in champagne

A

Dom perignon

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43
Q

German varietal
Silvaner’s parent grapes

A

Traminer and Oesterreichisch Weiss

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44
Q

New system to replace AOC laws

A

“Appellation d’orogine protege”

Meant to help align EU countries

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45
Q

Result of having certain fish with super tannic wine

A

Metallic taste

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46
Q

Region with corbieres and st. chinian AOCs

A

Languedoc-roussillon

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47
Q

“Einzellage”

A

Single vineyard in Germany

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48
Q

Sancerre wine characteristics

A

Loire valley region
Strikes a balance between muscadet and pouilly-fume (other major wines produced there)
100% Sauvignon blanc
Pairs well with shellfish

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49
Q

Wines with high alcohol and ripe, tropical fruit notes are generally from

A

New world regions with warmer climates

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50
Q

IBU

A

International bitterness unit

Bitterness can be achieved by adding hops to beer

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51
Q

Alcohol boil temperature

A

173 degrees

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52
Q

Prohibition years

A

1919-1933

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53
Q

“Cremant”

A

Term for sparking wines using the same technique as champagne but from outside champagne region

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54
Q

3 cava grapes

A

Macabeo
Parellada
Xarel-lo

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55
Q

Assyrtiko

A

Santorini white grape (Greece)
High acidity, citrus notes

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56
Q

Pinotage varietal’s “parent grapes”

A

Pinot noir
Cinsault

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57
Q

Chinon blends - Loire valley
Primary grape

A

Cabernet franc

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58
Q

Tete de cuvée

A

French term meaning “top batch” or “top blend”
Describes the very best/most expensive champagne bottlings
Almost always vintage champagnes

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59
Q

Mesoclimate

A

The climate of a site as influenced by elevation, aspect, slope, proximity to bodies of water

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60
Q

Muscadet wine characteristics

A

Loire valley
Light, dry wine made from 100% melon de bourgogne grapes
Pairs well with shellfish, clams, and oysters

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61
Q

Vinho verde

A

DOC region in Portugal

Grapes (white): trajadura, alvarinho, and loureiro

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62
Q

4 noble grapes of Alsace

A

Riesling
Pinot gris
Muscat
Gewurztraminer

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63
Q

Sparkling wine “Charmat Method”

A

Second fermentation takes place in pressurized tank instead of the bottle

*less lees contact—coarser bubbles

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64
Q

Spain’s smallest wine region

A

Priorat

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65
Q

Frascati DOC region

A

Roma/lazio, Italy

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66
Q

Most planted grape in champagne region

A

Pinot noir

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67
Q

Name of river nearby where hermitage is produced

A

Rhone river

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68
Q

Highest volume wine from Loire valley

A

Muscadet

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69
Q

“The widow” champagne

A

Veuve Clicquot

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70
Q

Mosel valley primary grape

A

Riesling

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71
Q

Cerasuolo di vittoria

A

DOCG in Italy
2 red grapes: Nero d’avola and frappato

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72
Q

“Riddling”

A

Gradual movement of expired yeast cells to bottleneck by remueurs or machines

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73
Q

Italian region with very fine sparkling wine like champagne

A

Franciacorta, Lombardy

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74
Q

Grenache also known by

A

Garnacha

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75
Q

Mosel valley dominant soil type

A

Slate

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76
Q

of Italian grape varieties

A

1300+

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77
Q

Blanc de noirs grapes

A

Pinot noir and Pinot meunier

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78
Q

% of rice polished required at daiginjo (best) level of sake

A

Minimum of 50%

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79
Q

Soil in Jerez DO, Spain
3 types/character

A

Albariza-chalky
Barros-clay
Arenas-sandy

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80
Q

Sulfur dioxide in wine

A

Most common compound in winemaking
2 purposes: prevents wine from reacting with oxygen and inhibits growth of bacteria and wild yeasts

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81
Q

Tartrates

A

“Wine diamonds”
Formed from tartaric acid which is naturally occurring in all wines—provides structure, balance, and flavor
1 of 3 kinds of acid in wine

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82
Q

“Entre deux mers”

A

Large sub-region in Bordeaux
Means between two seas however in this case they mean two rivers (garonne + dordogne)
Appellation produces only white wines

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83
Q

New Zealand Sauvignon blanc region

A

Marlborough

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84
Q

“Liquer de tirage”

A

Mixture of wine, sugar, and yeast added to sparkling wines to cause secondary fermentation that induces carbonation

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85
Q

Dominant white grape of Rías Baixas

A

Albariño

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86
Q

Bordeaux region climate

A

Maritime

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87
Q

Chaptalization

A

Addition of grape sugar before fermentation
Used in cool regions where full ripeness is tough to achieve

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88
Q

Side you serve customers from

A

Their right

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89
Q

Nigori

A

Unfiltered sake

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90
Q

Flor

A

Type of yeast used for making biologically aged sherries
Flor grows on wine barrel surface and lives off nutrients and acidity

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91
Q

First growths of the Medoc

(5)

A

Chateau lafite-rothschild
Chateau latour
Chateau mouton-rothschild
Chateau margeaux
Chateau haut-brion

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92
Q

Microclimate

A

Climate in a very restricted space of position as small as a single vine

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93
Q

City of Dijon region

A

Burgundy, France

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94
Q

Lesser known grape often used in champagne region besides Pinot noir and Chardonnay

A

Pinot meunier

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95
Q

As white wines age they

(appearance-wise)

A

Get darker and often have brown tones

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96
Q

Saint-Emilion (Bordeaux) classification levels

A

Premier grand cru classe A
Premier grand cru classe B
Grand cru classe

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97
Q

Botrytis affected grapes must

A

Be harvested by hand due to uneven spread, multiple trips must be taken to only harvest affected grapes each time

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98
Q

“Garden of France” region

A

Loire valley

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99
Q

Quality species of grapevine for producing wine

A

Vitis vinifera

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100
Q

Scotch region known for strongest flavored whiskies with brine and peat

A

Islay and the islands

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101
Q

Touriga nacional grape used in

A

Many top port blends
Well-known still, red wines

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102
Q

Location of heavier, more alcoholic malbecs in Argentina

A

Valley floor

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103
Q

Taurasi wine grape

A

Aglianico

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104
Q

Canopy management

A

Useful in hotter climates to avoid heavier, alcohol heavy, non-elegant wines while waiting for grapes to ripen

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105
Q

Fullest body Syrah/Shiraz region of Australia

A

Barossa

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106
Q

Cote-rotie AOC

A

Northern Rhone
Made up of 2 sections: cote brune and cote blonde
Only red wines produced made from Syrah grapes and up to 20% of the white grape viognier for its aroma

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107
Q

“The judgement of Paris”

A

Famous wine tasting in 1976 where California wines bested their French counterparts

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108
Q

“Bordeaux mixture”

A

Lime and copper solution sprayed on vines as fungicide

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109
Q

% of red wine produced in burgundy region

A

30%

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110
Q

Year first New Zealand Sauvignon blanc was sold

A

1974

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111
Q

“Weissburgunder”

A

German for Pinot blanc

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112
Q

“Grosses gewachs”

A

VDP term to identify dry wines of the highest quality/top vineyards

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113
Q

Ripasso

A

Process of adding grape skins to young valpolicella wines and fermenting to make them richer

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114
Q

Carbonic maceration

A

Method in Beaujolais to maintain fresh fruit character of Gamay

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115
Q

Grand cru meaning left and right bank of Bordeaux

A

Legal meaning is different between the 2 banks

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116
Q

Bordeaux area that produces Chateau Lafite

A

Pauillac

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117
Q

2 main towns in champagne region

A

Reims and Epernay

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118
Q

French region known for putting varietal on front label

A

Alsace

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119
Q

Hectare

A

2.471 acres

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120
Q

Approximate # of French AOC wines

A

465+

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121
Q

% of wines in France with AOC designation

A

35%

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122
Q

South African name for Chenin Blanc

A

Steen

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123
Q

Sauternes grapes

A

Semillon and Sauvignon blanc

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124
Q

Vouvray grape

A

Chenin blanc

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125
Q

Agiorgitiko

A

Red grape
Most planted grape in Greece

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126
Q

Classic Umbrian white wine

A

Orvietto

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127
Q

Chianti Classico symbol

A

Black rooster

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128
Q

Oldest wine estate in Piedmont

A

Borgogno Barolo

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129
Q

Valpolicella grown near

A

Lake garda

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130
Q

Savennieres

A

Anjou sub-region in Loire valley
Known for dry wines from Chenin blanc

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131
Q

Valdobbiadene

A

Town in veneto, Italy
Wine growing area
Cool climate
Home of the best Prosecco (extra dry sparkling white)

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132
Q

Albariño producing region

A

Galicia, Rias Baixas, Spain

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133
Q

Rueda region (Spain) white grape

A

Verdejo

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134
Q

Mosel valley region primary grape

A

Riesling

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135
Q

California produces what percentage of the total US wines produced

A

90%

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136
Q

Most successful red and white varietals in New York

A

Riesling and Cabernet Franc

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137
Q

Chateauneuf du Pape AOC

A

Southern rhone AOC
13 grapes grown/used in their wines:
Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre (GSM), bourboulenc, cinsault, clairette, counoise, muscardin, picardin, picpoul, roussanne, terret noir, vaccarese
Red, white, and rose wines produced

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138
Q

GSM stands for

A

Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre grapes
Predominant grapes in chateneuf du pape and other southern Rhone AOCs

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139
Q

Grapes in sweet Madeira

A

Bual and Verdelho

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140
Q

5 red grapes of Bordeaux

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Malbec (Cot)
Petit Verdot

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141
Q

Grape that put Oregon on the map

A

Pinot noir

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142
Q

of native varieties in Italy

A

500+

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143
Q

Chateau Cheval Blanc

A

Wine producer
Saint-Emilion, Bordeaux
“White horse castle”
1 of 4 to achieve highest rank: premier cru classe A in classification of Saint-Emilion

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144
Q

Hermitage

A

French AOC - northern Rhone
Mostly red wine from Syrah grapes
Small quantities of white wine from roussanne and marsanne grapes

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145
Q

Champagne’s typical alcohol content

A

12.5%

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146
Q

Burgundy’s wine capital town

A

Beaune

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147
Q

Largest wine producing region in France

A

Languedoc-Roussillon

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148
Q

Malolactic Fermentation

A

Secondary fermentation when harsh malic acid is converted to softer lactic acid (like that of milk)

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149
Q

Montefalco “big wines” grape

A

Sagrantino

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150
Q

List of major Napa Valley AVAs

A

Atlas peak, Calistoga, chiles valley, coombsville, diamond mountain district, Howell mountain, los carneros, mt. Veeder, oak knoll district, oakville, Rutherford, St. Helena, stags leap district, etc.

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151
Q

Solera system

A

Wine aging method involving fractional blending
Involves saving portion of wine from first year of production then repeating it the second year and blending the two together: half is bottled and other half is saved for next years batch, process repeats itself again and again

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152
Q

Besides Chardonnay, what is the most planted white grape in Chile

A

Sauvignon Blanc

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153
Q

Chile’s signature red grape

A

Carmenere (originally from Bordeaux)

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154
Q

Schioppettino grown predominantly in which region

A

Friuli-Venezia Giulia region - NE Italy

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155
Q

Vintage Madeiras minimum barrel-aging requirement

A

20 years

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156
Q

“Grosslage”

A

Collection of vineyards in Germany

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157
Q

Main grape in southern Rhone blends

A

Grenache

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158
Q

“Spatburgunder”

A

German term for Pinot noir

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159
Q

Stellenbosch

A

South Africa’s most famous wine region

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160
Q

Alsace’s most planted grape and also highest quality grape

A

Riesling — makes up 22% of grapes planted in region

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161
Q

Alsace wines typical alcohol content

A

11-12%

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162
Q

Sparkling wine name in Spain

A

Cava

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163
Q

Ribera del duero location in Spain

A

Northern Spain

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164
Q

Tinto wine color

A

Red

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165
Q

Spanish cities closest to Priorat region

A

Barcelona and Tarragona

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166
Q

Tavel AOC

A

Southern Rhone/Rhone valley AOC
grapes: GSM, cinsault, bourboulenc, clairette, picpoul, carignan, and calitor.
Only rosé wines produced.

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167
Q

Rosso Piceno DOC region

A

Le Marche, Italy

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168
Q

Pouilly-fume wine characteristics

A

Loire valley dry wine
Most body and contraction of wines in this region
100% Sauvignon Blanc
Pairs well with white meat chicken, smoked salmon, and veal

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169
Q

Hermitage grape

A

Syrah

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170
Q

Grape color in brut champagne

A

Red and white

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171
Q

of grapes in Chateauneuf du Pape

A

13, but predominantly GSM

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172
Q

Sancerre grape

A

Sauvignon blanc

Sancerre rouge is made from Pinot noir

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173
Q

Primary grain in bourbon

A

Corn (51-79%)
The rest can be either rye, wheat, or barley

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174
Q

Negociant

A

Wine sales “middleman” who can purchase small market grapes, juice, or finished wine and then market it under their own label

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175
Q

Spanish name for Mourvèdre

A

Monastrell

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176
Q

German region known for producing mostly red wines

A

Baden

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177
Q

AVA

A

American viticultural area

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178
Q

Alsace’s grapes are similar to those of

A

Germany

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179
Q

Qualitatswein (QbA) Sweetness Levels

A

Trocken—dry
Kabinett—dry to off dry
Spatlese—sweet
Auslese—sweeter
Beerenauslese—very sweet
Trockenbeerenauslese—super sweet

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180
Q

Champagne house that doesn’t use malolactic fermentation

A

Lanson

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181
Q

Champagne region soil type

A

Chalk

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182
Q

Loire Valley’s 2 main grapes

A

Sauvignon Blanc and Chenin Blanc

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183
Q

Chianti Classico

A

Classico designation means wine comes from boundaries of Chianti
Primarily Sangiovese but may also contain Canaiolo, Colorino, Cabernet, or Merlot
Reserva and gran selezione are area’s finest wines
Classic taste profile: preserved cherry, aged balsamic, espresso, dried salami

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184
Q

8 major northern Rhone AOCs

A

Cote-rotie
Hermitage
Condrieu
Cornas
Crozes-hermitage
St-Joseph
St-Peray
Chateau Grillet

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185
Q

Piedmont grapes starting with “B”

A

Barbera
Bonarda
Brachetta

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186
Q

Loire Valley Climate

A

Coast: maritime
Inland: continental

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187
Q

Vineyard pest with Pierce’s disease

A

Glassy-winged sharpshooter

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188
Q

New Zealand region known for its “world class Bordeaux blends”

A

Hawke’s Bay

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189
Q

Lagrein

A

Ancient grape variety of NE Italy: Trentino-Alto Adige region
Red wines that are full-bodied with plum and cherry flavors

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190
Q

Chiavennasca

A

Valtellina (Lombardy) name for Nebbiolo

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191
Q

Cooper

A

Wine barrel maker

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192
Q

Pingus

A

Wine from ribera del duero region in Spain

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193
Q

Gran Selezione classification requirement from Chianti estate

A

Can only source grapes from own vineyards

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194
Q

“Joven”

A

Refers to unoaked wines in Rioja

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195
Q

“Methode cap classique”

A

Sparkling wine produced by traditional method
Generic term for these wines in the cape

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196
Q

Italian wine regions along northern border (4)

A

Lombardy
Aosta valley
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Trentino-Alto Adige

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197
Q

Chateauneuf de gadagne

A

Smaller AOC that bottles wines under cotes du rhone gadagne

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198
Q

Cotes du Rhone village gained AOC status in 2016

A

Cairanne

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199
Q

Bordeaux’s left bank best vintage

A

1996

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200
Q

“Mistral”

A

Strong, cool wind through southern Rhone

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201
Q

Lirac and Tavel AOCs make the finest versions of

A

Rose

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202
Q

Largest wine producer in Chile

A

Concha y Toro

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203
Q

Rkatsiteli

A

Translates to “red stem” or “red horned”
White wine grape found mostly in Russia and country of Georgia

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204
Q

Country known for red wines made from tannat

A

Uruguay

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205
Q

Koshu

A

White grape of Japan

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206
Q

Cristiano Ronaldo’s birthplace and place known for its fortified wines

A

Island of Madeira

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207
Q

Italian cheese that shares name with white grape from marche/abruzzo

A

Pecorino

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208
Q

Southern Italian varietal being used in Australia

A

Sagrantino

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209
Q

Aglianico del vulture DOCG wine region

A

Basilicata, southern Italy

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210
Q

Cannonau other name

A

Grenache

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211
Q

DOC wine made on mt. Vesuvio (volcano in southern Italy)

A

Lacryma christi

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212
Q

Primitivo grape called _____ in the US

A

Zinfandel

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213
Q

Greco di tufo

A

DOCG and grape varietal in campania region - southern Italy
Greco di tufo wine is the most prestigious white wine of the region

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214
Q

Famous volcano with a DOC wine made on its slopes from carricante grapes

A

Etna

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215
Q

Almaviva, Casa Real - Santa Rita, and Vinedo Chadwick wines come from

A

Maipo valley region - Chile

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216
Q

Grape Chile mislabeled as Sauvignon Blanc

A

Tocai Friulano

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217
Q

Chile sub-region known for quality Pinot noir

A

Leyda - San Antonio Valley region

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218
Q

Chile’s northernmost wine region

A

Coquimbo

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219
Q

Main varietal used in making Pisco

A

Muscat

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220
Q

Chile’s Central Valley 4 wine sub-regions

A

Maipo valley
Rapel valley
Curico valley
Maule valley

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221
Q

Carmenere

A

Grape originally from Bordeaux
Mislabeled in Chile as Merlot

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222
Q

9 major southern Rhone AOCs

A

Chateauneuf du pape
Gigondas
Vacqueyras
Tavel
Lirac
Cotes du Rhone
Beaumes de venise
Rasteau
Vinsobres

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223
Q

Wine produced from melon de bourgogne grapes

A

Muscadet

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224
Q

Touriga Nacional grape characteristics

A

“Portugal’s finest”
Thick skin
Low yield
Red varietal
Rich in color and tannin
Good aged
Notes of berries and licorice

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225
Q

Collio region known for elegant wines runs across Friuli region into which country

A

Slovenia

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226
Q

Location of Italy’s first wine school

A

Veneto

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227
Q

Wine color Italy produces most

A

White

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228
Q

“Mis en bouteille au domain”

A

Wine that’s bottled at the estate

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229
Q

Region where most Gewurztraminer found

A

Alsace

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230
Q

Dessert wine: Chateau d’yquem region

A

Bordeaux: Sauternes

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231
Q

France rank in wine producing countries

A

2

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232
Q

Provence style of wine most known for

A

Rose

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233
Q

Sancerre

A

French AOC, eastern part of Loire Valley
Known mostly for Sauvignon Blanc and some Pinot noir
Pinot noir is used in Sancerre rouge and a style of rose also produced

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234
Q

2 Cote d’Or sub-regions

A

Cote de nuits—Pinot noir dominant

Cote de beaune—known mostly for whites

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235
Q

Blanc de blanc’s grape

A

Chardonnay

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236
Q

2 top grapes of Champagne region

A

Pinot noir and Chardonnay

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237
Q

Volnay

A

AOC in cote de beaune, burgundy
Red wines made from Pinot noir grapes

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238
Q

Chablis

A

AOC in Burgundy
Only Chardonnay grapes
Cool climate: less fruity, more acidic Chardonnays

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239
Q

Pinot blanc (Alsace) pairs well with:

A

Pate, charcuterie, hamburgers etc

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240
Q

Greco di tufo DOCG región

A

Campania

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241
Q

Champagne region wine style

A

Sparkling

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242
Q

Vacqueyras

A

Southern Rhone AOC
grapes: GSM, cinsault, muscardin, counoise, clairette, and bourboulenc
Mostly red wines produced

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243
Q

Most common red grape grown in Alsace

A

Pinot noir

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244
Q

% of wines from Alsace that are totally dry

A

90%

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245
Q

Alsace, Loire valley, and Chablis location in France and climate

A

Northern France
Cool climate with shorter season

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246
Q

Loire valley wine type

A

Mostly white

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247
Q

Alsace region wine type

A

Mostly white

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248
Q

Burgundy region wine type

A

Red and white

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249
Q

Bordeaux region wine type

A

Red and white

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250
Q

“Italy’s king of wine”

A

Barolo

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251
Q

Most northern Italian wine region

A

Alto Adige

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252
Q

Prosecco grape variety

A

Glera

(Formerly Prosecco)

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253
Q

Rasteau

A

Southern Rhone AOC
grapes: GSM, picpoul, terret noir, counoise, muscardin, vaccarese, picardin, cinsault, clairette, roussanne, and bourboulenc
Red, white, and fortified wines produced

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254
Q

Soave grape

A

Garganega

(May contain trebbiano)

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255
Q

Austria’s most famous white grape

A

Gruner Veltliner

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256
Q

Sparkling wine “transfer method”

A

After second fermentation wine is transferred with the sediment to a pressurized tank then filtered and bottled

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257
Q

Salice salentino main red grape

A

Negroamaro

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258
Q

“Fining” wine

A

Involves adding a substance to the wine to flush out unwanted material while still in the cellar

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259
Q

Main red Rioja grape

A

Tempranillo

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260
Q

Sancerre region

A

Loire valley

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261
Q

“Remuage process” in champagne making

A

Manipulating bottles to move sediment onto corks for disgorgement

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262
Q

7 major Spanish wine regions and major grapes produced

A

Rioja-Tempranillo
Ribera del duero-tinto fino (Tempranillo)
Priorat-garnacha, carinena
Penedes-macabeo, Cabernet, carinena, garnacha
Rias baixas-albariño
Rueda-verdejo
Sherry-palomino

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263
Q

International grapes in Spain

A

White: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah

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264
Q

Only red grape with AOC status in Loire Valley

A

Cabernet Franc

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265
Q

Vertical wine tasting

A

compares a number of wines from a single estate or producer, in which all the wines are produced under the same name or label but come from different years

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266
Q

% of AOC wines in Alsace

A

100%

*represents 20% of ALL AOC wines in France

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267
Q

Before 1919 Alsace was part of ______

A

Germany (1871-1919)

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268
Q

German region the Haardt mountains have the most influence over

A

Nahe region

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269
Q

Late-harvest Mosel riesling general taste profile

A

Sweeter, fruit-forward, balanced wine

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270
Q

4 German wine classification quality categories

A
  • deutscher wein
  • landwein
  • qualitatswein (QbA)
  • pradikatswein
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271
Q

Cotes du Rhone wine is mostly

A

Red

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272
Q

Difference between Alsace and German rieslings

A

Alsace rieslings are generally drier

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273
Q

5 major grapes of Languedoc-Roussillon region of France

A
  • carignan
  • grenache
  • syrah
  • cinsault
  • mourvèdre
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274
Q

Champagne in “Absolutely Fabulous”

A

Bollinger (Bolly)

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275
Q

Languedoc-Roussillon region mostly produces (wine color)

A

Both red and white

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276
Q

Climate and general wine descriptors of NE Italian wine regions and names (4)

A

Cooler climates except near the Adriatic Sea
Reds: more fruit
Whites: found in the hills
Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Fruili-Venezia Giulia

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277
Q

Climate and general wine descriptors of NW Italian wine regions and names (4)

A

Intermediate - cool climate; shorter season
Reds: elegant, aromatic, earthy
Whites: acidic
Lombardy, Piedmont, Liguria, Aosta Valley

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278
Q

Climate and general wine descriptors of Central Italian wine regions and names (5)

A

Mediterranean climate
Red varieties shine
Tuscany, Umbria, Marche, Lazio, and Abruzzo

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279
Q

Climate and general wine descriptors of Southern + the Island Italian wine regions and names (7)

A

Italy’s warmest regions
Reds: ripe, fruit flavors
Whites: fuller body
Molise, Campania, Basilicata, Puglia, Calabria, Sicily, and Sardinia

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280
Q

Chateau Cheval Blanc region

A

St-Emilion, Bordeaux

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281
Q

Burgundy town that hosts charity hospice wine auction

A

Beaune

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282
Q

Varietals best suited to Tasmanian climate (5)

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Gewurztraminer
  • Riesling
  • Pinot Noir
  • A lot of Sparkling Wine
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283
Q

Chianti is

A
  • a region in Tuscany
  • any wine produced in Chianti region
  • Chianti blends are predominantly from Sangiovese grapes
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284
Q

Veneto’s most northerly sub-region

A

Conegliano-Valdobbiadene

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285
Q

Fumin grape region

A

Aosta Valley, NW Italy

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286
Q

Franciacorta production method

A

Method Champenoise — secondary fermentation in the bottle

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287
Q

Colio (part of Fruili region) runs into what country

A

Slovenia

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288
Q

Beaujolais Crus names

A
  • Brouilly
  • Chenas
  • Chiroubles
  • Fleurie
  • Cote de Brouilly
  • Julienas
  • Morgon Moulin-a-Vent
  • Regnie
  • St. Amour
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289
Q

Gigondas AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Southern Rhone
4 major grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Cinsault, Mourvèdre
Only red wines produced

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290
Q

Lirac AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Southern Rhone
12 grapes: G, S, M, Cinsault, Carignan, Bourboulenc, Clairette, Ugni Blanc, Picpoul, Marsanne, Roussanne, and Viognier
Red, white, and rose wines produced

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291
Q

Sweet Vin Doux Naturel wines produced in AOC/region

A

Rasteau, Southern Rhone

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292
Q

German Pradikat Categories/Levels (6; ascending order)

A

From least ripe/driest to most ripe/sweet:

  • Kabinett
  • Spatlese
  • Auslese
  • Beerenauslese “BA”
  • Eiswein
  • Trockenbeerenauslese “TBA”
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293
Q

Chateau Grillet AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Northern Rhone
Grape: Viognier only
Only white wine produced
*owned by a single winery

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294
Q

Pouilly-Fume grape

A

Sauvignon Blanc

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295
Q

Cognac principal grape

A

Ugni Blanc

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296
Q

Franciacorta grape that’s different from Champagne

A

Pinot Blanc

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297
Q

Muscadet grape

A

Melon de Bourgogne

298
Q

Rías Baixas, Galicia region—NW Spain primary grape

299
Q

Medoc AOC 2 Major (red) grapes

A

Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot

300
Q

Volnay region

A

Cote de Beaune, Burgundy

301
Q

Winston Churchill’s favorite Champagne

302
Q

Alsace white grape gaining popularity in New Zealand

A

Pinot Gris

303
Q

Cornas AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Northern Rhone
Grape: Syrah only
Only red wines produced

304
Q

Cote-Rotie AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Northern Rhone
Grapes: Syrah and Viognier
Only red wines produced

305
Q

St-Peray AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Northern Rhone
Grapes: Marsanne and Roussanne
Predominantly sparkling whites produced

306
Q

Barbaresco grape

307
Q

Brunello di Montalcino grape

A

Sangiovese Grosso

308
Q

Condrieu AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Northern Rhone
Grape: Viognier only
White wines only

309
Q

Vintage Champagne Characteristics

A

Minimum 3 year aging requirement
Reflection of a single year with an exceptional harvest
Small quantities produced — rarer

310
Q

Gisborne region, New Zealand, major grape grown and wine type

A

Chardonnay
Primarily white wines produced

311
Q

“Galets”

A

Type of large, rolled stone commonly found in soils of Chateauneuf du Pape
Retain heat, hasten ripening, hold moisture

312
Q

Reason for grapes being better quality when they’re grown at altitude

A

They’re more resilient due to longer day/night and harsher conditions, bolder flavors

313
Q

New Zealand’s most planted grape

A

Sauvignon Blanc

314
Q

Central Otago region (New Zealand) primary grape

A

Pinot Noir

315
Q

French wine that pairs well with soft cheese

316
Q

Best designation in Burgundy

317
Q

“Must weight” definition

A

A measure of the amount of sugar in grape juice

318
Q

Region in New Zealand containing the sub-regions: Gladstone, Masterton, and Martinborough

319
Q

Location of Marlborough region in New Zealand

A

South Island

320
Q

Nebbiolo: wines produced, region, character

A

Barolo and Barbaresco wines
From Barolo region of Piedmont
Smells and looks like a light-bodied red but has intense tannins

321
Q

Nero d’avola grape: wines produced, region, character

A

Considered “most important (red) grape in Sicily”
Produces full-bodied, tannic red wine with black + red fruit notes
Ideal for aging

322
Q

St-Joseph AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Northern Rhone
Grapes: Syrah, Roussanne, and Marsanne
Both red and white wines produced

323
Q

Crozes-Hermitage AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Northern Rhone
Syrah, Marsanne, and Roussanne
Both red and white wines produced

324
Q

Vega Sicilia

A

Spanish winery in the Ribera del Duero region

325
Q

Spain’s largest wine region

326
Q

Region the river Ebro runs through

A

Rioja region, Spain

327
Q

Name of sherry’s driest form

A

Fino or Manzanilla

328
Q

% of white wine produced in Rioja region of Spain

329
Q

Copertino DOC region

A

Puglia region, Italy

330
Q

Valpolicella DOC region

A

Veneto region, Italy

331
Q

Vermentino di Gallura DOC region

A

Sardinia region, Italy

332
Q

Etna Rosso DOC region

A

Sicily region, Italy

333
Q

Beaumes de Venise AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Southern Rhone
Grapes: G, S, M, bourboulenc, vaccarese, carignan, cinsault, clairette, clairette rose, counoise, grenache blanc, grenache gris, marsanne, muscardin, picpoul blanc, picpoul noir, roussanne, terret noir, ugni blanc, and viognier
Red and fortified wines produced

334
Q

3 major grapes of Loire Valley region

A
  • sauvignon blanc
  • chenin blanc
  • cabernet franc
335
Q

Vinsobres AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Southern Rhone
Grapes: grenache, syrah, mourvedre, and cinsault
Only red wines produced

336
Q

Year Antinori House (wine company in Florence) was founded

337
Q

Castello Banfi Winery location and owner’s nationality

A

Montalcino, Tuscany
From New York, US

338
Q

Amarone

A

Valpolicella wine made from dried grapes

339
Q

Italy’s most southern region

340
Q

Barolo grape

341
Q

Diois AOC

A

AOC in Southern Rhone/Rhone Valley
Not widely known
Has some of the highest vineyards in France

342
Q

Gimblett Gravels district: region/country and major grapes

A

Wine district in Hawkes Bay region, New Zealand
Grapes: Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Chardonnay

343
Q

Winery that produces Mate’s, Hunting Hill, and Coddington chardonnays

A

Kumeu River Winery—New Zealand

344
Q

Current name for Tocai grape

A

Friulano
Considered to be related or same as Sauvignonnasse grape

345
Q

Pinot Nero other name and regions known for the best wines from it

A

Italian synonym for Pinot Noir varietal
Franciacorta, Friuli, Veneto, and Alto Adige regions known for producing some of the best pinot nero wines

346
Q

Cotes du Rhone AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type

A

Southern Rhone
Grapes: G, S, M, cinsault, carignan, counoise, picpoul, grenache blanc, marsanne, roussanne, bourboulenc, viognier, and picpoul blanc
Red, white, and rose wines produced

347
Q

5 Major Grapes (red and white) of the Bordeaux Region

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Semillon
  • Merlot
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Cabernet Franc
348
Q

“VDP”

A

“Verband Deutscher Pradikatsweinguter”
National German association of producers committed to top quality wine production

349
Q

Pradikat meaning

A

Finest German wines: highest level in German wine classification system
Pradikat is an indication of the grape’s ripeness at harvest
Pradikat level is included in wine name

350
Q

Difference in German wine laws and labeling system to those of France/Europe

A

Not based on AOC standards like in France and the majority of Europe
German wines are named after the places they come from
Unlike France, the grape name is usually part of the name of the wine
Best wines in Germany have both the village and vineyard name on label/included in wine name

351
Q

Varietal most associated with Germany

352
Q

Closest wine region to Rome, Italy

353
Q

Provence region (France) 2 major grapes

A

Grenache and Syrah

354
Q

2 major grapes of the Cotes du Rhone AOC — Rhone region of France

A

Syrah and Grenache

355
Q

3 major (red and white) grapes of the Burgundy region of France

A
  • Pinot Noir
  • Gamay
  • Chardonnay
356
Q

Alsace region (France) 2 major grapes

A

Riesling and Gewurztraminer

357
Q

% of water in a bottle of wine

358
Q

Amount of time until a vine produces suitable grapes for winemaking

359
Q

Acidity _____ as sugar levels increase

360
Q

Number and weight of grapes in a bottle of wine

A

600-800 grapes
2.4 pounds

361
Q

A single vine produces how many bottles of wine a year

362
Q

of bottles in a wine barrel

363
Q

What year was a great vintage in every wine region worldwide

364
Q

Resveratrol definition and benefits

A

An antioxidant-like compound found in red wines
Health benefits believed to be associated with it: helping to prevent damage to blood vessels, reduce cholesterol, and prevent blood clots

365
Q

Types of wine tastings (4)

A
  • horizontal
  • vertical
  • blind
  • semi-blind
366
Q

Bouquet definition

A

TOTAL smell of wine

367
Q

Aroma definition

A

Smell of GRAPES

368
Q

of wine producing countries

369
Q

If you can see through a red wine it is ________ (generally)

A

Ready to drink

370
Q

Age effect in white wines (visually)

A

Gain color

371
Q

Age effect in red wines (visually)

A

Lose color

372
Q

Classic descriptors — Zinfandel

A

Spicy, black berries

373
Q

Classic descriptors — Cabernet Sauvignon

A

Chocolate, cassis

374
Q

Classic descriptor — Old Bordeaux

A

Wet, fallen leaves

375
Q

Classic descriptors — Old Burgundy

A

Gamey, mushrooms

376
Q

Classic descriptor — Rhone

A

Black pepper

377
Q

Classic descriptor — Chablis

378
Q

Classic descriptor — Pinot Noir

A

Red cherry

379
Q

Classic descriptor — Gewurztraminer

380
Q

Classic descriptor — Riesling

A

Green apple

381
Q

Classic descriptor — Sauvignon Blanc

A

Grapefruit

382
Q

Classic descriptors — Chardonnay

A

Buttery, apple

383
Q

Classic descriptor — White Burgundy

384
Q

Classic descriptor — Pouilly Fume/Sancerre

385
Q

“Estate Bottled” definition (Burgundy)

A

a wine label term which means that the grapes for the wine were grown on the property of those that bottled the wine

386
Q

Pouilly-Fuisse AOC region and sub-region in France

A

Maconnaise, Burgundy (central France)

387
Q

“Sur Lie”

A

Wines aged sur lie (French for “on the lees”) are kept in contact with the dead yeast cells. Means the wine was aged on it’s “lees” (sediment)

388
Q

3 most important white wine villages in the Cotes de Beaune

A

Meursault, Puligny-Montrachet, and Chassagne-Montrachet

389
Q

“Graves” definition

A

Means “gravel” — the type of soil found in the region

390
Q

% of red wine produced in the Bordeaux region

391
Q

Region where the world-famous Anjou Rose is produced

A

Loire Valley, France

392
Q

Loire Valley % of AOC wines that are white and % of those wines are also dry

A

56% AOC wines that are white and of those 96% are dry

393
Q

Largest white wine region in France and Second largest region in sparkling wine production

A

Loire Valley

394
Q

French region known for its fruit brandies “eaux-de-vie”

395
Q

Region with very little rainfall/one of the driest areas in France

396
Q

Alsace wine labeling rules/differences to the rest of France

A

It’s the only region that labels its wine by varietal
All Alsace wines that include the name of the grape on the label must be made entirely from that grape

397
Q

Different quality levels of Chablis (4)

A

Petit Chablis — most ordinary Chablis; rarely found in US
Chablis — a wine that comes from grapes grown anywhere in the Chablis district also known as a “village wine”
Chablis Premier Cru — a very good quality of Chablis that comes from specific high-quality vineyards
Chablis Grand Cru — highest classification of Chablis, most expensive, and most limited production-wise.
*only 7 vineyards in Chablis with Grand Cru status

398
Q

Main sub-regions of Burgundy

A

Côte d’Or (comprising the Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune), the Côte Chalonnaise, the Mâconnais, Chablis, and Beaujolais. *chablis and beaujolais aren’t technically regions but are generally treated as such

399
Q

Region in Burgundy that produces the most red wine

A

Beaujolais

400
Q

of different red varietals grown in California

401
Q

Lighter color of wine is generally perceived to be ______

A

More acidic

402
Q

of major white wine grape varietals grown worldwide

403
Q

Wine textures compared to types of dairy products

A

Light-skim milk
Medium-whole milk
Full-heavy cream

404
Q

Most important factor of a “great” wine

A

Varietal character

405
Q

One of the few major wine producing countries to escape phylloxera and why

A

Chile
They imported most vines from France in the 1860s BEFORE phylloxera attacked the French vineyards

406
Q

5 most important factors in winemaking

A

Geographic location
Soil
Weather
Grapes
Vinification—winemaking process

407
Q

Amount of time between the vine’s flowering and the actual harvest

A

On average 100 days

408
Q

When vines are usually planted

A

April or May during their dormant periods

409
Q

How long most vines will continue producing grapes

A

Up to 40+ years

410
Q

Which famous “the godfather” film director makes “Rubicon” wine in Napa Valley

A

Francis Ford Coppola

411
Q

Which Californian wine beat the French in the “judgement of Paris” competition (1976)

A

Stags Leap 1973

412
Q

Which CA winemaker has a joint venture with Chateau Mouton Rothschild to make “Opus One”

A

Robert Mondavi

413
Q

of AVAs in CA

414
Q

Considered the “native variety” in CA

415
Q

% of grape required in a bottle of wine to be able to call it by the grape name on the front label (CA)

A

75%
*in Oregon certain varietals must be 90%, such as Pinot Noir

416
Q

% of US wine produced in CA

417
Q

CA’s most planted varietal

A

Chardonnay

418
Q

Obama’s favorite CA white wine

A

Kendal Jackson Chardonnay

419
Q

Year of first CA vineyards planted

420
Q

Port-like wine using same varietals made by Quady winery

421
Q

Northernmost CA wine area/county

A

Mendocino County

422
Q

Volume % of CA wine that comes from Napa Valley

423
Q

CA rank in largest wine producer by value worldwide

424
Q

CA’s largest wine company

A

E & J Gallo

425
Q

4 French Champagne houses making CA sparkling wine

A

Moet + Chandon
Mumm
Roederer
Taittinger

426
Q

“Sideways” was about a trip around which CA wine area

A

Santa Barbara

427
Q

Grape color grown most in CA

428
Q

Largest wine growing area in CA

A

Central Valley

429
Q

of CA wineries

430
Q

Sweet wine made from Muscat grapes south of Lisbon, Portugal

431
Q

Wine producing regions in Portugal that are UNESCO World Heritage sites (2)

A

Douro Valley and Pico Island

432
Q

Slightly prickly, super acidic white wine from the Minho region of Portugal

A

Vinho Verde

433
Q

of DOC wine areas in Portugal

434
Q

English pop singer that owns a bodega that produces Vida Nova wines

A

Cliff Richard

435
Q

World’s best selling medium dry rose

A

Mateus Rose

436
Q

Word for sparkling wine put on labels in Portugal

437
Q

Fortified wine cooked using the “Estufa Process”

438
Q

Ramisco grape wine area-Portugal

A

Colares
*grapes are grown on extensive sand dunes

439
Q

Oldest Port House (1638, Portugal)

440
Q

% of white wine in South Africa

441
Q

South African state-owned wine company founded in 1918

A

KWV - kooperatieve wijnbouwers vereniging van zuid-afrika bpkt

442
Q

Napoleon’s favorite dessert wine (on his deathbed)

A

Klein Constantia

443
Q

Pioneer winery in Walkers Bay, South Africa, first to produce “Burgundian” reds and whites

A

Hamilton Russel

444
Q

Country that imports the most South African bottles of wine

445
Q

Famous golfer who owns a prestigious winery

446
Q

Unique red grape created in South Africa in 1925

447
Q

Charles Back’s “homage” to Cote du Rhone wines: now an international brand

A

Goats do Roam

448
Q

Winery that’s a favorite of Buckingham Palace and previous destination of the Queen (South Africa)

A

Vergelegen

449
Q

South Africa’s most widely planted varietal by acreage volume

A

Chenin Blanc

450
Q

Tasmania’s most planted grape varietal

A

Pinot Noir

451
Q

Champagne House in Yarra Valley, Australia, that makes Green Point

A

Moet & Chandon

452
Q

Country with the fastest growing Australian wine consumption levels

453
Q

Average bottles of wine produced per year - Australia

A

1500 million

454
Q

The “father of Australian wine” that brought the first cuttings from Europe in 1820

A

James Busby

455
Q

Global wine company that owns Wolf Blass, Penfolds, and Lindemans

456
Q

Annual Australian Wine Companion producer/editor

A

James Halliday

457
Q

Approximate # of currently producing wineries in Australia

458
Q

Yalumba and Grant Burge wineries are based in which wine area of Australia

A

Barossa Valley

459
Q

Year of first vineyards planted in England

460
Q

of white grape varietals used to make wine in England (according to the English Wine Producers Association)

A

22 (grown commercially)

461
Q

% of English wine that’s red

462
Q

Largest vineyard in Gloucestershire name (hint: singing reference)

A

Three Choirs

463
Q

Ryedale-Northernmost commercially producing vineyard in England: nearest city

464
Q

Stanlake Park wine comes from ______

465
Q

Camel Valley (one of England’s best vineyards) county

466
Q

England’s largest vineyard

467
Q

of bottles of English wine produced in 2015

468
Q

English sparkling wine that has been served at Buckingham Palace and beaten champagnes in tasting competitions

469
Q

Cognac quality levels

A

V.S. — “very special” min. age is 2 years
V.S.O.P — “very superiore old pale” min. age is 4.5 years
Napoleon, X.O. — “extra old” min. 6.5 years

470
Q

“Green Harvest” definition

A

Pruning bad grapes to send nutrients to healthy grapes

471
Q

4 vineyard pests

A

Phylloxera, mealybug, mites, glassy-winged sharpshooter

472
Q

4 vine diseases

A

Powdery mildew
Downy mildew
Leaf roll virus/fanleaf degeneration
Pierce’s disease

473
Q

Brix

A

Sugar measurement of grapes

474
Q

“Stelvin” definition

475
Q

Burgundy wines are mainly defined by _____

A

Their producers

476
Q

Chablis climate and soil

A

Continental — high in acid
Kimmeridgian clay/limestone

477
Q

Côte d’Or soil

A

Marl and limestone

478
Q

Dominant grape Cote de Nuits

A

Pinot Noir

479
Q

Dominant grape Cote de Beaune

A

Chardonnay

480
Q

Cote de Nuits AOC with the most Grand Crus

A

Gevrey-Chambertin (9)

481
Q

Most highly regarded Cote de Nuits vintages

A

2002, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012

482
Q

Most highly regarded Cote de Beaune vintages

A

2002, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012

483
Q

Cote Chalonnaise region that produces wine from the Aligote grape

484
Q

Prosecco-making method

485
Q

Main steps in the Classic Method of making Champagne (3)

A

Primary fermentation
Secondary fermentation — liqueur de tirage and sur lie aging
Removal of sediment — riddling, disgorging, and dosage

486
Q

Autolysis definition

A

The gradual breakdown of yeast cells in the bottle

487
Q

Length of time of secondary fermentation in Classic Method

A

6-12 weeks

488
Q

Name for spent yeast cells in champagne

489
Q

“Pupitre” definition

A

An A-frame rack used to store wine and riddle over time

490
Q

Gyropalette definition

A

A cubic palette used to mechanically, slowly turn and riddle champagne

491
Q

Disgorgement definition

A

Process of removing yeast from the bottle by freezing the end then ejecting it

492
Q

Dosage definition

A

Adding “liqueur d’expedition” to wine after disgorgement to balance out the naturally high acidity

493
Q

“Liqueur d’expedition”

A

Solution of sugar and wine

494
Q

Medoc (Bordeaux) sub-regions/AOCs

A

Haut-Medoc AOC
Saint-Estephe AOC
Pauillac AOC
Saint-Julien AOC
Listrac-Medoc AOC
Moulis-en-Medoc AOC
Margaux AOC

495
Q

Champagne region soil type

A

Chalk — retains water

496
Q

3 important Champagne sub-regions

A

Montagne de Reims
Vallee de la Marne
Cotes des Blancs

497
Q

4 Italian sparkling wines

A

Asti DOCG
Prosecco
Lambrusco
Franciacorta

498
Q

Chateaux definition

A

An estate under single ownership

499
Q

3 Bordeaux white grapes

A

Semillon-sweet
Sauvignon Blanc-dry
Muscadelle-sweet

500
Q

Left Bank Bordeaux main AOC/region and dominant grape/percentage

A

Medoc AOC
Cabernet Sauvignon-70% of grapes produced

501
Q

Right Bank Bordeaux main AOC/regions and dominant grapes/percentage

A

Pomerol AOC and Saint-Emilion AOC
70% Merlot, 30% Cabernet Franc

502
Q

Approx. speed of Mistral winds

503
Q

Roussanne and Marsanne grapes aromas in wine

A

Red apple and tropical fruit

504
Q

Chateauneuf du Pape translation

A

“Castle of the Pope”

505
Q

“Vin Doux Naturel”

A

Wine produced by adding distillate to fermenting must

506
Q

“Vin de Liqueur”

A

Produced by adding distillate to unfermented must

507
Q

Botrytized wine name in Anjou, Loire Valley, made from Chenin Blanc grapes

A

Bonnezeaux

508
Q

Selection de Grains Nobles (SGN)

A

French for “selection of noble berries”
refers to wines made from grapes affected by noble rot; sweet, dessert wines with rich, concentrated flavors

509
Q

“GI”

A

“Geographical Indication”
Description of Australian wine zone, region, or sub-region similar to AOC naming system/laws of France but less strict

510
Q

Notable GIs of Southern Australia

A

Barossa Valley
Eden Valley
McLaren Vale
Clare Valley
Coonawarra

511
Q

Primary grapes in New Zealand (4)

A

Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Noir
Cabernet Sauvignon

512
Q

% of a wine that must be from a particular vintage in order for that year to appear on label (US)

513
Q

All wine labels (in the US) must include these 3 things

A

the alcohol content based on % by volume,
state the wine contains sulfites,
and carry the Surgeon General’s warning about alcohol consumption

514
Q

TTB

A

“Tax and Trade Bureau” part of “The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau” frequently shortened to TTB
a bureau of the US Department of Treasury
regulates and collects taxes on trade and alcohol, tobacco, and firearms imports within the US

515
Q

AVA shared by Napa and Sonoma

516
Q

Most important red grape from Abruzzi (Italy)

A

Montepulciano

517
Q

Cannonau region

518
Q

4 primary grapes of Germany

A

Riesling
Spatburgunder (Pinot Noir)
Muller-Thurgau
Sylvaner

519
Q

“Anbaugebiete”

A

German major wine regions (13)

520
Q

Rheinhessen major grapes (3)

A

Muller-Thurgau
Sylvaner
Riesling

521
Q

“Grauburgunder”

A

Pinot Gris in Germany

522
Q

Tokaji or Tokay

A

the name of the renowned wines from the Tokaj wine region in Hungary or adjoining Tokaj wine region in Slovakia.
This region is noted for its sweet wines made from grapes affected by noble rot

523
Q

Austria’s main grapes (7)

A

Gruner Veltliner
Zweigelt
Welschriesling
Muller-Thurgau
Pinot Blanc
Chardonnay
Riesling

524
Q

“AOCs of Austria” called

A

DAC — districtus austriae controllatus

525
Q

Important regions in Portugal (4)

A

Vinho Verde
Porto
Duoro
Madeira

526
Q

Argentina dominant red and white grape

A

Torrontes-white
Malbec-red

527
Q

Scotch (whiskey) main regions (4)

A

Islay
Highland
Campbelltown
Lowland

528
Q

Reason Sauvignon Blanc pairs well with goat cheese

A

High acid wine and high acid food

529
Q

In food/wine pairing spicy-ness has 3 different effects

A

Increased perception of alcohol
Diminished flavors in delicate, dry white wines
Tamed with sweet elements in wine

530
Q

Table rice and Sake rice are

A

Different/not the same

531
Q

Calvanos Brandy Type

532
Q

Ribera del Duero region of Spain main wine color/type

A

Dry red wines mostly from Tempranillo grapes

533
Q

American oak indicators

A

Vanilla
Sawdust
Coconut

534
Q

% of white grapes allowed in Chianti Classico

535
Q

“Diurnal shift”

A

Temperature variation day/night

536
Q

Southern Australia main grapes (2)

A

Shiraz and Riesling

537
Q

Alsace required % of wine must be the labeled grape

538
Q

Sonoma’s notable grapes (5)

A

Chardonnay
Zinfandel
Pinot Noir
Syrah
Cabernet Sauvignon

539
Q

3 major Australian wine regions by volume

A

South Australia
New South Wales
Victoria

540
Q

“Stickies” definition and region

A

the name Australians give sweet wines
some reserve the term specifically for late harvest wines and wines affected by the noble rot
others include the country’s phenomenal fortified wines under the “stickies” umbrella
Region: Rutherglen, Australia

541
Q

Oenology or Enology

A

Science and study of wine/winemaking including vinification

542
Q

“En Primeur”

A

AKA “Wine Futures”
refers to the process of buying wines before they are bottled and released onto the market

543
Q

Beaujolais heirarchy — 3 levels

A

Beaujolais
Beaujolais Villages
Beaujolais Cru

544
Q

Cotes de Nuits Villages (8)

A

Chambolle-Musigny
Fixin,
Gevrey-Chambertin
Marsannay
Morey-Saint-Denis
Nuits-Saint-Georges
Vosne-Romanée
Vougeot.

545
Q

First AOC

A

Chateauneuf du Pape

546
Q

“Monopole”

A

A parcel of land under single ownership

547
Q

“Opposite” of Sancerre but made with same grape varietal

A

Pouilly-Fume

548
Q

“Blue hue” can come from

A

warmer climates or from carbonic maceration (Beaujolais)

549
Q

Latitudes wine thrives in

A

The 30th and 50th parallels

550
Q

“Racking”

A

Moving wine from one barrel to the next

551
Q

“Battonage”

A

Stirring of the lees

552
Q

Entre-deux-Mers AOC/sub-region of Bordeaux facts and wine type produced

A

a large subregion/appellation of Bordeaux in SW France
“Entre-deux-Mers” translates to “between two seas” — although the seas are in fact rivers: the Garonne and Dordogne
The appellation produces white wines only

553
Q

2 wine areas of France that use Sur Lie aging the most

A

Muscadet, Loire Valley
Champagne region

554
Q

Prosecco cocktail

555
Q

Chinon and Bourgueil grape

A

Cabernet Franc

556
Q

Southernmost AOC of southern Rhone region, France

557
Q

Chianti classification levels

A

Classico
Riserva
Superiore

558
Q

Moscato D’Asti and Asti DOCGs (Piedmont) produce what kind of wines

A

Sparkling and semi-sparkling wines

559
Q

“Piedmont” translation

A

“Foot of the mountain”

560
Q

Lombardy is known for

A

Franciacorta

561
Q

4 major grapes of Greece

A

Assyrtiko - white
Moschofilero - white
Xinomavro - red
Agiorgitiko - red

562
Q

4 Grand Cru vineyards in Cote Chalonnaise

A

Mercurey
Givry
Rully
Bouzeron

563
Q

Marche major white grapes

A

Verdicchio
Trebbiano

564
Q

Australia’s coolest region

A

Yarra Valley, Victoria

565
Q

Priorat region location in Spain

A

Northeast Spain

566
Q

Cool climate characteristics

A

Grapes don’t ripen as quickly
Lower natural sugar
High acidity
Wines are considered more subtle and refined

567
Q

Warm Climate Characteristics

A

Wines pack more of a punch: full-flavored and rich
Grapes ripen quicker
Higher natural sugars
Higher alcohol levels
Dominant fruit flavors typically
More “muscular” characteristics

568
Q

3 Major aromatic grapes

A

Muscat
Gewurztraminer
Torrontes

569
Q

Formula for fermentation

A

Sugar + Yeast = Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

570
Q

3 major types of wine

A

Table wine
Sparkling wine
Fortified wine

571
Q

Riesling characteristics/descriptors

A

Fruity
Lychee nut
Sweet
Petrol nose
High acidity
Low to medium alcohol

572
Q

Chardonnay characteristics/descriptors

A

Green apple
Butter
Citrus
Grapefruit
Melon
Oak
Pineapple
Toast
Vanilla

573
Q

3 Alsace producers

A

Trimbach
Hugel & Fils
Domaine Weinbach

574
Q

Difference between Pouilly-Fuisse and Pouilly-Fume

A

Pouilly-Fuisse is 100% Chardonnay
Pouilly-Fume is 100% Sauvignon Blanc

575
Q

Classification of white Graves wines: 2 quality levels

A
  1. Graves
  2. Pessac-Leognan
576
Q

3 Classified Chateaux in Graves

A

Chateaux:

  • Haut-Brion
  • Carbonnieux
  • Olivier
577
Q

2 different quality levels of Sauternes

A

Regional
Classified Chateau

578
Q

The only first-growth, grand premier cru Sauternes

A

Chateau d’Yquem

579
Q

2 other first-growth Sauternes

A

Chateaus:
Rieussec
Guirad

580
Q

3 top producers of Chablis

A

Francois Raveneau
Joseph Drouhin
Louis Jadot

581
Q

Largest Grand Cru Vineyard in Cotes de Beaune

A

Corton-Charlamagne

582
Q

3 Grand Cru Cote de Beaune vineyards

A

Corton-Charlemagne
Montrachet
Chevalier-Montrachet

583
Q

3 Premier Cru Cote de Beaune vineyards

A

Les Perrieres
Les Charmes
Les Referts

584
Q

3 most important white wine-producing villages in Cote de Beaune

A

Meursault
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet
*all 3 produce Chardonnay

585
Q

Burgundy’s northernmost white wine-producing region

586
Q

Burgundy’s southernmost white wine-producing region

A

Maconnaise

587
Q

Maconnaise wines 6 quality levels

A

Macon Blanc
Macon Superieur
Macon-Villages
St-Veran
Pouilly-Vinzelles
Pouilly-Fuisse

588
Q

Year AOC laws were established

589
Q

3 Chablis Grand Cru vineyards

A

Valmur
Vaudesir
Les Clos

590
Q

3 Chablis Premier Cru vineyards

A

Monte de Tonnerre
Lechet
Montmains

591
Q

Washington state major grapes

A

Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Merlot
White: Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, and Gewurztraminer

592
Q

Washington state wine regions (9)

A

Yakima Valley
Walla Walla Valley
Columbia Valley
Puget Sound
Red Mountain
Columbia Gorge
Horse Heaven Hills
Wahluke Slope
Rattlesnake Hills

593
Q

Oregon major grapes

A

Pinot Noir
Pinot Gris
Chardonnay

594
Q

Oregon major wine regions (4)

A

Willamette Valley
Umpqua Valley
Rogue Valley
Applegate Valley

595
Q

3 top producers in Oregon

A

Ken Wright
King Estate
Adelsheim

596
Q

3 major wine-producing regions of New York

A

Finger Lakes
Hudson Valley
Long Island

597
Q

3 New York wine producers

A

Dr. Konstantin Frank - finger lakes
Benmarl - hudson valley
Palmer - long island

598
Q

CA 4 north coast main viticulture areas

A

Counties of:
Napa
Sonoma
Mendocino
Lake

599
Q

CA 3 north central coast main viticulture areas

A

Counties of:
Monterey
Santa Clara
Livermore

600
Q

CA 2 south central coast main viticulture areas

A

Counties of:
San Luis Obispo
Santa Barbara

601
Q

CA “jug wine” viticulture area

A

San Joaquin Valley

602
Q

Top 3 grapes planted in Napa

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Chardonnay

603
Q

Top 3 grapes planted in Sonoma

A

Chardonnay
Cabernet Sauvignon
Pinot Noir

604
Q

2 Mendocino County AVA’s

A

Alexander Valley
Mendocino Ridge

605
Q

5 Napa County AVA’s

A

Howell Mountain
Napa Valley
Rutherford
Oakville
Spring Mountain District

606
Q

3 Sonoma County AVA’s

A

Russian River Valley
Sonoma Coast
Sonoma Mountain

607
Q

CA Chardonnay major regions (4)

A

Carneros
Napa
Santa Barbara
Sonoma

608
Q

3 CA Chardonnay producers

A

Chateau Montelena
Kistler
Landmark

609
Q

3 CA white grapes besides Chardonnay

A

Sauvignon Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Viognier

610
Q

German regions that produce the best wines (4)

A

Rheinhessen
Rheingau
Mosel
Pfalz

611
Q

4 major producers in Germany

A

Dr. Pauly-Bergweiler - mosel
Strub - rheinhessen
Kessler - rheingau
Lingenfelder- pfalz

612
Q

3 Rheingau villages

A

Johannisberg
Erbach
Eltville

613
Q

3 Mosel villages

A

Piesport
Erden
Bernkastel

614
Q

3 Rheinhessen villages

A

Oppenheim
Nackenheim
Nierstein

615
Q

3 Pfalz villages

A

Deidesheim
Forst
Wachenheim

616
Q

Best recent German vintages

A

2001 and 2005

617
Q

Minimum % of a specific grape in German wines if listed on label

618
Q

German “Trocken” wines are

619
Q

2 main categories of qualitatswein (Germany)

A

QbA (Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete) - indicates a quality wine that comes from 1 of the 13 specified regions
Pradikatswein - quality wine with distinction (may not be chaptalized)

620
Q

“Spatlese” translation

A

“Late-picking”

621
Q

Average range of alcohol levels of German wines

622
Q

“Sussreserve”

A

Unfermented grape juice (containing all natural sugar) from same vineyards, same varietal, and same sweetness level as a given wine
It is added back to a wine after fermentation to sweeten

623
Q

Botrytis Cinerea (Edelfaule)

A

A mold that under special conditions attacks grapes causing them to shrivel and leaving concentrated sugar

624
Q

“Gutsabfullung”

A

German term for “estate-bottled”

625
Q

Month and day they release Beaujolais Nouveau

A

3rd Thursday in November

626
Q

of Grand Cru vineyards in Cote d’Or

627
Q

2 Cote de Beaune villages known for red wine

A

Pommard
Volnay

628
Q

3 Cote de Nuits villages known for red wine

A

Vosne-Romanee
Nuits-St-Georges
Flagey-Echezeaux

629
Q

2 Cote de Beaune red Grand Cru vineyards

A

Corton
Corton Renardes

630
Q

3 Cote de Nuits red Grand Cru vineyards

A

Romanee-Conti
Richebourg
Echezeaux

631
Q

of Rhone Valley Cru’s

632
Q

Tavel wine

A

An unusually dry rose primarily made from grenache (although there are 9 varieties permitted in the blend)

633
Q

English word for red Bordeaux wine

634
Q

of wine appellations in Bordeaux

635
Q

Bordeaux covers ____ acreage than Burgundy

636
Q

3 quality levels of Bordeaux wine

A

Bordeaux
Region
Region + Chateau

637
Q

Approx. # of wine-producing chateaux in Bordeaux

638
Q

Year the best chateaux of the Medoc were classified

639
Q

of chateaux classified in the Official Classification of the Medoc

640
Q

Chateau from each of the 5 growths

A

1st: Chateau Margaux
2nd: Leoville-Barton
3rd: Palmer
4th: Prieure-Lichine
5th: Lynch-Bages

641
Q

Year the Graves wines were first classified

642
Q

2 second-label wines of classified chateaux

A 
Les Forts de Latour (latour)
Petit Mouton (mouton-rothschild)
643
Q

2 French wine regions you would find Pinot Noir

A

Burgundy and Champagne

644
Q

CA county with most plantings of Pinot Noir

645
Q

2 common aromas associated with Pinot Noir grape

A

Red berries
Red cherry

646
Q

Meritage wine definition

A

Red and white wines made in the US from a blend of classic Bordeaux varietals

647
Q

2 major Meritage wines

A

Insignia
Opus One

648
Q

“Cosecha” translation

A

Harvest or vintage
Also may indicate wine has little barrel-aging — often used by producers for their “modern style” wines

649
Q

“Vinos de Pagos”

A

Term for a single estate wine

650
Q

Spanish wine region with Bodegas Montecillo, Cune, and Marques de Caceres wines

651
Q

Alvaro Palacios, Pasanau, and Más Igneus wines found in what Spanish region

652
Q

of wine regions in Italy

653
Q

Biggest difference between French AOC laws and Italian DOC laws

A

DOC has aging requirements

654
Q

“Super Tuscan” wine

A

Made in Italy
includes varietals outside of what is generally permitted by DOC regulations

655
Q

Italian region with Chianti, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, and Brunello di Montalcino wines and primary grape in all 3

A

Tuscany
Sangiovese

656
Q

Brunello di Montalcino minimum amount of time of aging in oak

657
Q

3 Major Piedmont red grapes

A

Dolcetto
Barbera
Nebbiolo

658
Q

Between Barolo and Barbaresco wines which must be aged longer under DOCG wine laws

659
Q

Best recent Piedmont vintages

A

1996, 2000, 2001, and 2004

660
Q

Valpolicella, Bardolino, Soave, and Amarone region

661
Q

“Superiore” definition

A

Higher alcohol levels and longer aging

662
Q

3 different ways Italian wines are labeled

A

Varietal
Village/district
Proprietary

663
Q

Champagne, Sherry, and Port have what in common

A

Their quality is determined by the reputation of the shipper or “house”

664
Q

Northernmost wine region in France located 90 miles NE of Paris

665
Q

3 major types of Champagne

A

Non-vintage/multiple vintage—a blend of 2 or more harvests, 60-80% base wine from current harvest and 20-40% wine from previous vintages
Vintage—from a single vintage
Prestige Cuvee—from a single vintage with longer aging requirements

666
Q

Minimum amount of time non-vintage champagne must age in bottle

667
Q

Minimum amount of time a vintage champagne must age in bottle

668
Q

4 levels dry/sweetness in Champagne

A

Brut-dry
Extra Dry-semidry
Sec-semisweet
Demi-Sec-sweet

669
Q

bottles champagne in a Jeroboam (Double Magnum)

670
Q

Italian name for sparkling wines

671
Q

German name for sparkling wines

672
Q

Fortified wine definition

A

A neutral grape brandy is added to wine to raise wine’s alcohol content

673
Q

Range of alcohol % in fortified wines

674
Q

3 towns that make Sherry in Andalusia, Spain

A

Jerez de la Frontera
Puerto de Santa Maria
Sanlucar de Barrameda

675
Q

If grape name is on label (Argentina) what % of that grape must be in the wine

676
Q

Main wine regions Argentina

A

North: Salta
Cuyo: Mendoza
Patagonia: Rio Negro & Neuquen

677
Q

The 2 major red grapes grown in Argentina

A

Malbec
Cabernet Sauvignon

678
Q

The 2 major white grapes grown in Argentina

A

Torrontes Riojano
Chardonnay

679
Q

Grape listed on label of Chilean wine minimum percentage of grape used in making the wine

680
Q

3 Chile winemaking regions

A

Casablanca Valley
Maipo Valley
Rapel Valley/Colchagua

681
Q

Canadian regulation of wine name

A

VQA-the Vintners Quality Alliance

682
Q

Minimum requirement of % of specific grape used in a Canadian varietal wine

683
Q

Canada’s 2 major wine regions

A

Ontario/Niagara Peninsula
British Columbia/Okanagan Valley

684
Q

3 major white grapes grown in Canada

A

Gewurztraminer
Riesling
Vidal

685
Q

3 major red grapes grown in Canada

A

Pinot Noir
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

686
Q

Best South African recent vintage

687
Q

3 categories used in WO System of South Africa

A

Geographic
Region
District

688
Q

South African wine regulation system

A

WO-wine of origin system

689
Q

In South African vintage/varietal wines what’s the minimum % required of a specific grape or year

690
Q

3 WO’s within the Coastal region of South Africa

A

Constantia
Stellenbosch
Paarl

691
Q

Most important South African wine region

A

Coastal region

692
Q

Great Pinotage Producer

693
Q

3 major red grapes grown in South Africa

A

Shiraz/Syrah
Cabernet Sauvignon
Bordeaux Blends

694
Q

3 major white grapes grown in South Africa

A

Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay

695
Q

Diversity of South African winemaking terrain

A

4 major soil types
Vineyards located 300-1300 feet above sea level
Cool Coastal and Hot Continental vineyard climates

696
Q

New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc Characteristics

A

Grapefruit, grass, cat pee, and herbs

697
Q

Best Australian recent vintages

A

2004 and 2005

698
Q

Australian wine Regulation system

A

Starting with the 1990 vintage, the LIP (label integrity program) regulates/oversees vintage, varietal, and geographical indication claims

699
Q

What % of wine must be from a particular district if label specifies name (Australia)

700
Q

Australian wine region known for sparkling wine

701
Q

Port approximate alcohol content %

702
Q

Austria’s great dessert wine

A

Ausbruch (botrytis affected Fumin grapes)

703
Q

Regulation of Greek Wines levels (3)

A

OPAP-wines of appellation of origin of superior quality (mostly dry)
OPE-wines of appellation of controlled origin (only sweet)
EO-similar to Vin de Table; no specific appellation

704
Q

Amount of time vintage port is aged in wood

705
Q

How Tokaji wine is made

A
  1. Grapes allowed to develop Botrytis
  2. Affected grapes are picked and lightly crushed — made into an Aszu paste
  3. Non-affected grapes are harvested and fermented into a base wine
  4. The Aszu paste is collected in baskets called “puttonyos” then blended into base wine according to desired sweetness
706
Q

“Aszu”

A

Hungarian term for Botrytis affected grapes

707
Q

What century did Greek winemaking begin

A

7th century BC

708
Q

5 types of Sherry

A

Manzanilla - dry
Fino - dry
Amontillado - dry to med. dry
Oloroso - dry to med. dry
Cream - sweet

709
Q

4 known Australian wine states and 1 district from each

A

South Australia-McLaren Vale
New South Wales-Hunter Valley
Victoria-Yarra Valley
Western Australia-Margaret River

710
Q

3 Major red grapes grown in Austria

A

Blaufrankisch
Pinot Noir
St. Laurent

711
Q

3 major white grapes grown in Greece

A

Assyrtiko
Moschofilero
Roditis

712
Q

Hungary major wine regions (7)

A

Badacsony
Eger
Somolo
Sopron
Szekszard
Tokaj
Villany-Siklos

713
Q

Most important Greek wine-growing regions (3) and sub-regions (9)

A 
Macedonia (northern): Naouussa and Amyndeo
Peloponnese (southern): Mantinia, Nemea, and Patras 
The Islands (Aegean sea): Santorini, Samos, Rhodes, and Crete
714
Q

Australia 2 major white varietals

A

Chardonnay
Semillon

715
Q

3 Cru’s from Northern Rhone

A

Hermitage
Cote Rotie
Condrieu (white)

716
Q

3 major red grapes grown in Hungary

A

Kadarka
Kekfrankos
Portugieser

717
Q

3 major white grapes grown in Hungary

A

Furmint
Harslevelu
Olaszrizling

718
Q

Zweigelt grape cross between what 2 Austrian varietals

A

Blaufrankisch and St. Laurent

719
Q

4 levels of Puttonyos

A

3,4,5, and 6

720
Q

Puttonyos definition

A

a unit for the level of sugar in Hungarian Tokaji (or tokay) and Slovak Tokaj dessert wine

721
Q

4 Austrian wine regions

A

Niederosterreich - lower Austria
Vienna - Wein
Burgenland
Styria - Steiermark

722
Q

Major grapes of Priorat wines

A

Garnacha (grenache)
Carinena (carignan)
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah

723
Q

3 major quality levels of Austrian wine

A

Tafelwein
Qualitatswein
Pradikatswein

724
Q

Top 3 Italian regions in terms of production

A

Veneto
Piedmont
Tuscany

725
Q

2 grapes used to produce Sherry

A

Palomino
Pedro Ximenez

726
Q

2 types of Port

A

Cask-aged
Bottle-aged

727
Q

Colheita definition

A

Single vintage Port, wood-aged minimum of 7 years

728
Q

Quinta refers to

A

Single vineyard

729
Q

Bodega definition

A

An above-ground structure used to store wine

730
Q

Name of the sweetest Tokaji wine

A

Essencia or Eszencia

731
Q

Primary red grape grown in ‘right bank’ Bordeaux

732
Q

Primary red grape used in northern region of the Rhone Valley

733
Q

Primary red grape used in the production of St-Emilion wine

734
Q

% of Sherry lost to evaporation

A

3%, called “the Angel’s Share”

735
Q

Late-bottled vintage, vintage character, Quinta, and vintage are what type of Port

A

Bottle-aged

736
Q

Ruby, Tawny, Aged Tawny, and Colheita port type

737
Q

When is neutral grape brandy added to port wine

A

During fermentation

738
Q

Port comes from

A

Duoro region, northern Portugal

739
Q

What is Phylloxera

A

A vine-destroying insect

740
Q

White grapes of Piedmont

A

Cortese, Moscato, and Arneis

w (15 decks)

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