What Limits The Amount Of New Variation? Flashcards
What are homeotic genes?
Master control genes, they’re how the genes are meant to be
What happens if you mutate a homeotic gene?
You will see significant changes in tissues which leads to changes in the phenotype
How many mutations in a zygote?
3 mutations per gamete so 6 for the zygote.
What happens if a gene mutates too many times?
It will have no function or may provide substrate for evolution.
Differences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Eukaryotes:
•Excess DNA
•Slow cycle so can afford to have big introns
Prokaryotes:
•Small genomes
•Only have what they need
What are the four types of micro satellites?
Tetranucleotides
Trinucleotides
Dinonucleotides
Tandem repeats
What are micro satellites?
Types of arrangements of codons and nucleotides
What are microsatellites useful for other than genes?
Evolutionary and ecological studies
Give an example of how junk dna is dispensable
Pufferfish
Hardly any junk dna
But has more coding than us, the introns are just very small
Define multi gene
Family of sequence related genes within genome, which evolved from a common ancestor
Define pseudogene
Stable and inactive long term consequences of earlier mutations due to evolution
Define phylogenetic analysis
Studying evolutionary analysis
Give the 6 points about introns
Don’t encode polypeptides Spliced out Not the only non-coding genes Most of sequence is essential Base changes don’t usually make mutation May help gene evolution
Give the 4 points about Exxon’s
Encode polypeptides
End up in mRNA
Sequence decides function of genes
Base changes can result in mutations that affect function
What are repetitive DNA sequences?
Mostly non-coding DNA (junk DNA). And it has structural importance to genome/chromosome maintenance.
