How Do Chromosome Mutations Contribute To Evolutionary Processes?

Question 1

What are inversions?

Answer 1

They decrease the frequency of recombination which is crossing over

Question 2

What are the five stages of inversions during meiosis?

Answer 2

1. Have to loop so alleles pair at chiasmata
2. this decreases pairing
3. this makes unavailable offspring
4. this could make evolutionary advantage?
5. Fruit flies had some inversions but formed some cleans but the phenotype changed

Question 3

What are the six types of mutations?

Answer 3

Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Reciprocal translocation
Centric fusion
Translocation

Question 4

What is translocation?

Answer 4

1 part of chromosome moves to another and cause problems during meiosis

Question 5

What is centric fusion?

Answer 5

Both chromosomes fuse together to make one long one. But the second one is backwards.

Question 6

What is reciprocal translocation?

Answer 6

Swap parts rather than one part giving all.

Question 7

What is autopolyploidisation?

Answer 7

Having more than two paired set of chromosomes.

Question 8

What’s different about aberrant gametes meiosis?

Answer 8

They’re diploids

Question 9

What’s bad about allotetraploids?

Answer 9

Form sterile hybrid as they have an odd no of chromosomes

Question 10

How do you fix sterile hybrids?

Answer 10

Double them so they can mate

Question 11

Give an example of an allotetraploid that doubled

Answer 11

Nicotine

Question 12

Define ploidy

Answer 12

Vary in chromosome number

Question 13

Define karyotypes

Answer 13

Organisation of genetic material

Question 14

Define aneuploid variations

Answer 14

Changes in chromosomes within sets

Question 15

Define euploid variations

Answer 15

Changes in whole sets of chromosomes

Question 16

Define cline

Answer 16

Regular change in allele frequencies over geographical area.

Question 17

Define polyploid

Answer 17

Variation in chromosome number

Most of our food is polyploid

Question 18

How is reproductive isolation caused?

Answer 18

Cumulative changes to chromosome organisation

Question 19

Give examples involving fish

Answer 19

Stickleback fish lose their armour with a single mutation

Cichlids fish demonstrate morphological diversity