What is diabetes mellitus Flashcards
What hormone dominates the absorptive state (after a meal)
Insulin
What is insulins affect on adipose tissue
Reduces lipolysis
What is the effect of insulin on the liver
Reduced glucose production
What is the effect of insulin on muscle
Increased glucose uptake
What are symptoms of hyperglycaemia
Polydipsia, polyuria, blurred vision, weight loss and infections
Why does hyperglycaemia lead to polydipsia and polyuria
Excess glucose in the blood needs to be excreted out so micturition occurs more and more fluid is required for that to occur
What is a diagnostic fasting blood glucose value
More than or equal to 7 mmol/l
What is a diagnostic random blood glucose value
More than or equal to 11.1 mmol/l
What is a diagnostic HbA1c
more than or equal to 48mmol/mol
What is required to diagnose diabetes
One diagnostic lab glucose with symptoms
2 Diagnostic lab glucose or HbA1c without symptoms
What infection is common in diabetic patients
Thrush - high blood glucose allows the thrush causing bacteria to flourish
What does HbA1c show
Gives indication of blood glucose levels over last 8-12 weeks
When is HbA1c contraindicated
Children
pregnancy
Short duration of symptoms
People who are ill
Patients on medication which causes glucose rises such as corticosteroids
Pancreatic damage
Renal failure
HIV
What is intermediate hyperglycaemia fasting glucose value
6-1.7mmol/l
What is intermediate hyperglycaemia glucose tolerance test value
7.8 - 11mmol/l
