Management of type 1 diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common symptoms of type one diabetes

A

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Tired
Weight loss
Blurred vision

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2
Q

What is the immediate test for diagnosis of diabetes

A

Finger prick glucose test - random glucose - more than 11mmol/l is diagnostic

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3
Q

What insulin is given to new T1 diabetics

A

Levemir with a rapid acting analogue such as humalog

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4
Q

What are the different types of basal bolus insulin therapies

A

rapid bolus acting insulin to cover carbohydrates during a meal - 1 unit per 10g carbohydrates

Basal long acting insulin - twice daily

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of DKA - diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain
ketone breath
drowsiness
deep respiration
coma

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6
Q

What are the signs of ketoacidosis

A

Dry mucous membranes
tachycardia
hypotension
ketone breath
Kussmaul breathing - rapid deep breathing

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7
Q

What is a normal blood ketone level

A

Less than 0.6 mmol/l

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8
Q

What is a ketone level diagnostic of DKA

A

3.0mmol/l and above

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9
Q

What to do if the ketone level is found raised

A

Give excess insulin and recheck if the ketone levels have decreased after 2 hours

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10
Q

Describe management of type 1 diabetes

A

1000ml/hour 0.9% saline for hour 1 and again at hour 2

Start actrapid 6 units/hour for hour 1 and if blood glucose is still over 14, give another 6 units/jour and hour 2

At hour 3+4 give 500ml/hour 0.9% saline with or without KCL

4 hours before discharge, reduce saline and KCL

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11
Q

What are complications of ketoacidosis

A

Hyper and hypokalaemia
Hypoglycaemia
cerebral oedema
aspiration pneumonia
Arterial and venous thromboembolisms
Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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12
Q

What is hypoglycaemia

A

Blood glucose lower than 4mmol/L

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13
Q

What are symptoms of hypoglycaemia

A

neuroglycopenic - symptoms which arrise from the CNS having low access to blood glucose

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14
Q

What can cause hypoglycaemia

A

Too much insulin
Inadequate food intake
exercise
alcohol

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15
Q

What does an insulin pump do

A

Gives the exact amount of insulin required

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16
Q
A