What is Anatomy & Physiology? (Ch. 1)

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

study of structure

• identify parts and locations of those parts

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

study of function

• understanding how those parts work together

Question 3

principle of complementarity of structure & function

Answer 3

what a structure can do depends on its form

• function (physiology) reflects form (anatomy)

Question 4

levels of structural organizations

Answer 4

1. chemical (atoms, molecules, organelles)
2. cells
3. tissues
4. organs
5. organ systems
6. organism

Question 5

cells

Answer 5

most basic structural & functional units of an organism

Question 6

what are the 8 characteristics of life?

Answer 6

1. maintenance of boundaries
2. growth
3. excretion
4. digestion
5. reproduction
6. movement
7. metabolism
8. responsiveness/ excitability

Question 7

what are the 5 survival needs for any living organism?

Answer 7

1. pressure
2. stable body temperature
3. nutrients
4. oxygen
5. water

Question 8

homeostasis

Answer 8

maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions

• constantly being disrupted by external & internal stimuli
• if homeostasis is not maintained, death can result

Question 9

feedback loops

Answer 9

control mechanism the body uses to monitor, evaluate, and change conditions in order to maintain homeostasis

Question 10

ALL FEEDBACK LOOPS HAVE:

Answer 10

1. receptor (monitors changes in homeostasis, sends input to control center)
2. control center (evaluates input from receptors and determines changes needed to be made by sending output to effector)
3. effector (receives output from control center and produces changes or responses in regard to specific body condition)

Question 11

negative feedback loops

Answer 11

reverses a change that has occurred in order to have homeostasis

• most common feedback in body

Question 12

positive feedback loops

Answer 12

increases, intensifies, enhances original stimuli

• moves further away from homeostasis
• ex: childbirth, blood clotting
• very rare and self-limiting

Question 13

imbalances in homeostasis

Answer 13

• disorder: abnormality in structure or function
• disease: a named/specific illness
• signs: something a medical professional sees
• symptoms: something a patient tells you they have