Anatomical Directional Terms & Body Planes (LAB 1) Flashcards
1
Q
anterior
A
towards the front, in front
2
Q
posterior
A
behind something
3
Q
ventral
A
towards the stomach, also known as “anterior”
4
Q
dorsal
A
back of body
5
Q
bilateral
A
can be found on left and right side
6
Q
distal
A
body part is farthest away from trunk of body
7
Q
terminal
A
structure that is most distal
8
Q
proximal
A
structure closer to trunk of body
9
Q
median
A
middle, midline, divides body into right and left parts
10
Q
medial
A
structure closer to or pointed towards median
11
Q
lateral
A
structure pointing away from midline
12
Q
superior
A
situated towards top of head, uses “supra-“ as abbreviation
13
Q
inferior
A
situated towards the feet, uses “infra-“ “hypo-“ “sub-“ as abbreviation
14
Q
superficial
A
structure closer to outer surface of body
15
Q
deep
A
located under one or more overlying structures
16
Q
external
A
structure is open to external environment
17
Q
internal
A
structure is not open to external environment
18
Q
palmar
A
anterior position of hand, also known as “volar”
19
Q
dorsum/ posterior
A
back of hand
20
Q
radial
A
refers to radius bone of forearm
21
Q
ulnar
A
situated alongside pinky finger
22
Q
plantar
A
bottom of foot
23
Q
frontal
A
in direction of frontal bone
24
Q
occipital
A
towards the occipital bone
25
coronal
divides body into front and back, also known as “frontal”
26
sagittal
splits body into left and right parts
27
transverse
divides body into upper and lower parts, also known as “axial”
28
supine
lying face up
29
prone
lying face down
30
right lateral decubitus
lying on your right side
31
left lateral decubitus
lying on your left side
32
unilateral
structure is only on ONE side of body
33
ipsilateral
two DIFFERENT structures that appear/occur on the _same_ side of the body
34
contralateral
two DIFFERENT structures that appear/occur on _opposite_ sides of the body
35
ventral body cavity
houses internal organs in 2 cavities
* thoracic cavity
* abdominopelvic cavity
36
dorsal body cavity
protects nervous system organs in 2 cavities
* spinal/vertebral cavity
* cranial cavity
37
cranial cavity
made up of bones of the skull and encases the brain
38
vertebral/ spinal cavity
encases the spinal cord
39
thoracic cavity
encases the heart and lungs
has two subdivisions:
* 2 pleural cavities
* mediastinum
40
2 pleural cavities
encases both the left and right lungs, within the thoracic cavity
41
mediastinum
areas b/w 2 lungs, contains a smaller cavity called the pericardial cavity, within thoracic cavity
42
pericardial cavity
area within the mediastinum, encloses the heart
43
abdominopelvic cavity
encases the organs within the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
44
abdominal cavity
encases the abdominal organs
* contains the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen, and kidneys, and the lower part of the esophagus
45
pelvic cavity
encases the pelvic organs
* protects the rectum, bladder, iliac vessels, and internal reproductive organs.
46
ventral body cavity
walls of ventral body cavity & outer surfaces of organs are covered by thin, double-layered serous membranes
contains two types of serous membranes : visceral membrane & parietal membrane
47
serous membranes
provides protection & lubrication for body organs by creating substance called serous fluid
48
visceral membrane
covers the surface of internal organs
49
parietal membrane
internal lining of the body cavity wall
50
specific types of serous membranes
* pleura
* pericardium
* peritoneum
51
pleura serous membrane
covers the lungs
52
pericardium serous membrane
covers the heart
53
peritoneum serous membrane
covers the abdominopelvic structures
54
axial
is in the central area of the body
* includes head, neck, & trunk
55
appendicular
is the appendages or limbs of the body
* includes both upper & lower extremities
56
cranial
pertaining to skull
57
facial
pertaining to face
58
cephalic
pertaining to entire head
* includes both cranial and facial regions together
59
occipital
pertaining to back of head
60
frontal
pertaining to forehead region
61
otic
pertaining to ears
62
nasal
pertaining to nose
63
orbital
pertaining to eyes
64
buccal
pertaining to cheek
65
mental
pertaining to chin
66
oral
pertaining to mouth
67
cervical
pertaining to neck
68
axillary
pertaining to underarms/armpits
69
sternal
pertaining to breastbone (sternum)
70
thoracic
pertaining to thorax/ chest region (front or back of body)
71
mammary
pertaining to breast
72
scapular
pertaining to shoulder blade (scapula)
73
abdominal
pertaining to abdomen
74
umbilical
pertaining to navel/belly button
75
pubic
pertaining to genital area
75
pubic
pertaining to genital area
76
inguinal
pertaining to groin
* area where the thigh attaches to pelvis
77
coxal
pertaining to hip
78
vertebral
pertaining to spinal column
79
lumbar
pertaining to lower back region
80
sacral
pertaining to sacrum
81
acromial
pertaining to top of shoulder
82
brachial
pertaining to arm
83
antecubital
pertaining to front surface of elbow
84
antebrachial
pertaining to forearm
85
olecranal
pertaining to back surface of elbow
86
carpal
pertaining to wrist
87
palmar
pertaining to palm of hand
88
manual
pertaining to entire hand
89
digital
pertaining to digits
fingers AND toes
90
pollex
thumb
91
gluteal
pertaining to buttocks
92
femoral
pertaining to thigh
93
patellar
pertaining to front aspect of knee
94
popliteal
pertaining to back aspect of knee
95
crural
pertaining to front aspect of leg
also known as “shin”
96
sural
pertaining to back of leg
“calf”
97
fibular
pertaining to lateral (outside) aspect of lower leg
98
tarsal
pertaining to ankle
99
pedal
pertaining to entire foot
100
calcaneal
pertaining to heel of foot
101
plantar
pertaining to bottom of foot
102
hallux
pertaining to first (big) toe
