Microscopes & Histology (LAB 3) Flashcards
scanning objective
4x magnification
low power objective
10x magnification (yellow)
high power dry objective
40x magnification (blue)
oil immersion objective
100x magnification (white) \> requires special technique & use of immersion oil
total magnification
power of ocular lens X power of objective lens
human body contains 4 main types of tissues:
- epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
- neural tissue
- muscular tissue
epithelial tissue
found on internal & external surfaces
all types are named according to 2 characteristics:
cell shape
number of layers of cells
simple squamous
single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm, simplest form of epithelia
function: allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection isn’t important, secretes lubricating substances in serosae
location: kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)
simple cuboidal
single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei
function: secretion and absorption
location: kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface
stratified squamous
thick membrane composed of several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active, surface cells are keratinized and dead (squamous), basal cells are active in mitosis and produce cells of more superficial layers
function: protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
location: non-keratinized type forms most linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina, keratinized variety forms epidermis of skin, a dry membrane
simple columnar
single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei, many cells bear microvilli while others have cilia, layer may have goblet cells (mucus-secreting unicellular glands)
function: absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances, ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells by ciliary action
location: non-ciliated type lines most of digestive tract (stomach to rectum), gall bladder, and excretory ducts of some glands, ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of uterus
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching free surface, nuclei seen at different levels, may contain goblet cells and bear cilia
function: secrete substances, particularly mucus,propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
location: non-ciliated type in males’ sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands, ciliated variety lines trachea, most of upper respiratory tract
stratified cuboidal
generally two layers of cubelike cells
function: protection
location: largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands,and salivary glands
stratified columnar
several cell layers; basal cells usually cuboidal; superficial cells elongated and columnar
function: protection; secretion
location: rare in the body; small amounts in male urethra in in large ducts of some glands
endothelium
epithelial tissue found lining hollow organs
functions of epithelial tissue include:
protection
absorption
filtration
excretion
secretion
sensory reception