Cells & the Cell Cycle (LAB 2)

Question 1

nucleus

Answer 1

nuclear membrane: membrane barrier that surrounds the DNA

nucleoli: involved in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and assembly

Question 2

mitochondria

Answer 2

produces ATP via aerobic (oxygen-requiring) cellular respiration

Question 3

ribosomes

Answer 3

site of protein synthesis

Question 4

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

studded with attached ribosomes

final protein is enclosed in vesicle and sent to golgi apparatus for further processing

Question 5

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

lipid metabolism

absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats

detoxification

converting of glycogen to free glucose

storage and release of calcium

Question 6

golgi apparatus/body

Answer 6

modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids received from rough ER

Question 7

lysosomes

Answer 7

contains digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases)

Question 8

cytoskeleton

Answer 8

elaborate network of rods that run throughout cytosol

also act as cell’s “bones, ligaments, and muscle” by playing role in movement of cell components

Question 9

centrioles

Answer 9

pair of barrel-shaped organelles that lie at right angles to each other

newly assembled microtubules (crucial for mitosis to occur) radiate from centrosome to rest of cell

centrioles form basis of cilia and flagella

Question 10

prophase can be broken down into …

Answer 10

early prophase: chromatin condenses, forming visible chromosomes, mitotic spindle formed

late prophase: nuclear envelope breaks up/disappears, nucleolus disappears