Integumentary System & Ossesus Tissue (LAB 4)

Question 1

identify the layers

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

thick skin

Question 4

Answer 4

thin skin

Question 5

Answer 5

thick skin

Question 6

Answer 6

meissner’s corpuscle

Question 7

Answer 7

pacinian corpuscle

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

eccrine sweat gland

Question 11

Answer 11

apocrine gland
→ more lumen than eccrine gland

Question 12

Answer 12

sebaceous gland

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

long bone

→ longer than they are wide

→ limb bones

Question 20

Answer 20

short bone

→ cube-shaped bones (wrists & ankles)

sesamoid bones form within tendons (ex: patella)

Question 21

Answer 21

flat bones

thin, flat, slightly curved

→ sternum, scapulae, ribs, most skull bones

Question 22

Answer 22

irregular bones

complicated shapes

→ vertebrae & coxal (hip) bones

Question 23

Answer 23

compact bone→ dense outer layer on every bone that looks smooth & solid (osteon is building block)

spongy bone (diploe) → made up of honeycomb-like flat bone pieces called trabeculae

Question 24

structure of short, irregular, and flat bones

Answer 24

→ has spongy & compact bone

periosteum covers outside of compact bone while endosteum covers inside of compact bone

bone marrow is scattered throughout spongy bone, no defined marrow cavity

hyaline cartilage covers area of bone that is part of movable joint

Question 25

structure of typical long bone

Answer 25

shaft→ diaphysis bone ends→ epiphysis articular cartilage covers articular joint surfaces epiphyseal line is b/w epiphysis and diaphysis → used to be epiphyseal plate when one is a child

Question 26

Answer 26

periosteum→ white, _double-layered_ membrane that covers external surfaces, except joint surfaces endosteum→ delicate connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surface and trabeculae of spongy bone

Question 27

Answer 27

**central (haversian) canal→** runs through core of osteon **perforating (volkmann's) canals→** occur at right angles to central canals

Question 28

Answer 28

**lacunae→** small cavities that have osteocytes **canaliculi→** little canals _function:_ allows communication b/w all osteocytes of osteon and permit nutrients and wastes to be relayed b/w cells when matrix hardens and cells are trapped, canaliculi forms **lamella→** (interstitial and circumferential) reinforces strength of bone, withstands torsion stresses → collagen fibers in a lamella run in single direction while next lamella run in different direction

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

**osteoblasts→** makes bones and secretes unmineralized bone matrix called *osteoid*

Question 33

Answer 33

**osteocytes→** mature bone cells in lacunae that no longer divide, maintains bone matrix and acts as stress or strain sensors

Question 34

Answer 34

**osteoclasts→** giant, multinucleate cells function in bone resorption (breakdown of bone)

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36