Welfare implications of companion animal breeding Flashcards
1
Q
What is the impact of inherited disorders
A
- Can affect large numbers of animals
- Have the potential to continue to do so generation after generation into the future
- Can have a severe adverse impact on animals’ feelings (e.g. through pain or increased fearfulness)
- These effects can be of long duration – potentially affecting the animal for a large part of, or throughout, its life
2
Q
What are inherited disorders due to
A
- inbreeding (homozygous recessive disorders)
- breed standards or types (created by clubs)
3
Q
Standards for skull structire
A
- round and big
- short, thick neck
- prominence of eyes
- forhead, nose and chin vertical alignment
4
Q
No. inherited disorders in dogs and catagories
A
- (Asher et al 2009 and Summers et al 2010)
- not related to conformation = 312
- conformation related = 84
~ directly related to conformation = 63
~ heritable disorder exacerbated by conformation
5
Q
Exhagerated morphologies
A
- breed standards reveiewed/revised over time as breeds evolve
- breeders select for stylised looks = distorted mimicks exaggerations of original breed standard
- lack/loss of physical utility
6
Q
Brachycephalic (BOAS)
A
= brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
- variation in skull shape more extreme between breeds than between species in the orer Carnivora
- variation in length of facial region of scull in comparison to cranial region
7
Q
Quantifying conformation
A
CFR = craniofacial ratio = muzzle length/cranial length - muzzle length = distance (mm) from dorsal tip of nasal planum to the stop - cranial lenght = distance (mm) from stop to occipital protuberance - e.g. CKCS = 0.27 ~ extremely brachy = 0-0.15 ~ moderately = 0.15-0.30 ~ mildly = 0.30-0.45 ~ non-brachy = >0.45
8
Q
Brachycephaly in cats and study
A
- persians
- severe problems of eyes, dental, respiratory
- study determine relationship between feline facial conformation and owner reported cat magement requirements/resp abnormalities
- submit photos of cats
- novel measurements of skull conformation ~ nose position ratio and muzzle ratio (%)
- reported lifestyle factors (feeding, acitvity level, grooming), physical characteristics (hair length) and health characteristics
- rerpiratory score: noise while asleep (1=very quiet, 4=continuous snooring/wheezing) and breathing dificulty following activity (1=never, 6=more than once a day)
- reduction in NP% and M% significantly associated with RS
- shorter muzzel = more servere CS
- RS significantly associated with tear staning and sedentary lifestyle
- indicates brachy has negative resp implications for cat health and welfare
9
Q
Prominent eyes and problems with brachycephalic breeds
A
- brachy conformations associated with shallow orbits and large palpebral fissures
- results in prominant exophthalmic eyes (protruding eyeballs)
- can lead to lagothalmos (incomplete closure of eyelids)
- comprimised tear film spreading
- chronic damage due to exposure, areas of corneal drying with secondary erosion and ulceration
10
Q
Risk factors for corneal ulcers
A
- nasal folds ~ 5x increase in corneal ulcers if have nasal fold = fold rubs against lower lid of eyes, irritation
- palperbal fissure ~ larger width increases likely hood
- craniofacial ratio ~ 20x increace chance of corneal ulcers
11
Q
Problems associated with brachycephalic animals
A
- syringomyelia (cuases fluid to fill into cavities w/in spinal cord)
- fold dermatitis
- dystocia (difficulty giving birth
- vertebral malformations
- obesity
- tracheal hypoplasia (reduced tracheal lumen throughout trachea)
- BOAS
- malocclusion (crooked teeth)
- ect/entropion (eyelid turned out/in)
- Keratopathy syndrome (corneal disease that causes brown pigmentation that spreads across cornea)
12
Q
Why have brachycephalic dogs grown in popularity
A
- celebrity endorsements
- adverts (comedic, cute) = positive light
- aesthetic
- loveable nature/good companion
- consumerism around dog breeds
- breed loyalty/fits lifestyle
- seen as accessory
- perceived health/longevity less influential in decision making
- brachy owners more likely use puppy selling websites to find dog, less likely to see parents and ask for health records
13
Q
Is recognition of breed specific diseases important
A
- Yes
- initial step to perceiving a problem and seeking veterinary attention
- lack of understanding = undertreatment/ continuation of clinical signs
- problem if disorder is inherited and can be passed on to offspring if used for breeding
14
Q
Cavalire King Charles Spaniel - Genetic disorders
A
- Mitral valve disease (thikening and degenration of heart valves)
- idiopathic epilepsy
- syringomyelia = causes cavities to fill with fluid within spinal cord
- giant platelet disorder
- patella luxation = knee cap ride outside femoral grove, can cause lameness
- primary secretory otitis media - mucous plug fill inner ear behind ear drum causing to bulge
15
Q
Sphynx - genetic problems
A
- uritcaria pigmentosa = crusty sores
- hypertropic cardiomyopathy
