Welfare and Ethics

Question 1

What are the 5 domains of welfare?

Answer 1

nutrition, environment, physical health, behaviour and mental domain

Question 2

what are the physical/functional domains?

Answer 2

nutrition, environment, physical health and behaviour

Question 3

what is the mental domain split into?

Answer 3

negative and positive experiences

Question 4

what are the 5 needs?

Answer 4

access to: fresh water and a suitable diet to keep them healthy
adequate shelter/comfy place to rest
veterinary treatment, steps taken to prevent pain/injury/disease
company of other animals of their own kind, enough space, proper facilities so they can behave in a natural way
Kept in conditions so they will not suffer and need to be treated in a way that does not frighten them or distress them

Question 5

what three components is welfare made up of?

Answer 5

physical, physiological and psychological

Question 6

good welfare?

Answer 6

a good life

Question 7

adequate welfare?

Answer 7

a life worth living (minimal suffering)

Question 8

poor welfare?

Answer 8

a life not worth living (all suffering)

Question 9

what continuum is used in animal welfare?

Answer 9

the animal welfare committee one

Question 10

what does welfare concern?

Answer 10

welfare concerns the quality of an animal’s life, not how long the life lasts. When an animal is dead, welfare is no longer a concern

Question 11

who introduced a bill to protect horses mules and other cattle to wanton cruelty? what year?

Answer 11

richard martin 1822

Question 12

when was the bill modified to cover all domestic animals?

Answer 12

1835

Question 13

why do people feel we have an obligation to animals in the 21st century?

Answer 13

intrinsic value
have value to us e.g. we eat them/useful
because animals can suffer
because the species is endangered

Question 14

sentience?

Answer 14

the capacity to experience suffering and pleasure

Question 15

what does animal sentience mean?

Answer 15

means animals can feel pain and suffer and experience positive emotions

Question 16

legal status of animals?

Answer 16

as property

Question 17

welfare inputs?

Answer 17

management, environment, animal

Question 18

welfare outputs?

Answer 18

clinical health; production, behaviour and physiology

Question 19

who developed the five domains?

Answer 19

meller (2020)

Question 20

what to assess?

Answer 20

eating, resting, sleeping, moving and social

Question 21

what do we need to consider when we are assessing welfare?

Answer 21

circadian variation
inter-observer variation
species-specific differences

Question 22

signs of acute pain?

Answer 22

posture/hunching
gait - lameness, kneeling sheep
demeanour, reduced responsiveness
inappetence
increased respiratory and heart rate
grinding teeth
response to palpation
vocalisations (ultrasonic)
check animal’s response to analgesia

Question 23

describe the signs of chronic pain?

Answer 23

altered demeanour: irritability, social withdrawal, aggression
Altered gait - lameness
weight loss
response to palpation
response to analgesia

Question 24

5 components of the moral theory?

Answer 24

Utilitarian
Animal rights
Contractarian
Respect for nature
Relational

Question 25

Utilitasrianism? - Bentham

Answer 25

a theory of consequences - equal consideration of equal interestss’

Question 26

Deontology? - Kant

Answer 26

a duty-based moral philosophy
viewed as the experiencing subjects of a life

Question 27

Anthropocentric?

Answer 27

regarding humans as the central or most important element of existence

Question 28

Contractarianism?

Answer 28

anthropocentric - using animals as we need to for our benefit
we do not have duties to animals because they cannot enter into contracts BUT we must treat them well otherwise we would cause indirect harm to other humans who we do have contracts with

Question 29

respect for nature?

Answer 29

consequences for species not individuals
species have value
individuals only matter as representatives of the group so selective culling of healthy animals is permissible to preserve the wellbeing of the group
farming practices may disrupt the environment,

Question 30

how may farming disrupt the environment?

Answer 30

use of drugs excreted into the environment, affect the local microbial populations, reliance on concentrate feed with ingredients sourced from around the world, affects the ecosystem

Question 31

3Rs?

Answer 31

Replace, Reduce, Refine
(UTILITARIAN)

Question 32

what framework can we used for ethical decision making?

Answer 32

six point frame work
mepham’s matrix

Question 33

what is the 6 point frame work?

Answer 33

1. identify all possible courses of action - value free
2. establish the interests of affected parties
3. identify the ethical issues involved
4. establish the legal position of the dilemma
5. choose a logical course of action
6. minimise the impact of the decision

Question 34

mepham’s matrix?

Answer 34

based on
1. wellbeing
2. autonomy
3. justice

Question 35

how to effectively communicate with clients?

Answer 35

Understand owner’s viewpoint, priorities, experience
Two-way discussion
Higher compliance: ‘win−win’
Need to ensure a ‘win’ for the animals’ welfare