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Animals in Society > Adult Dairy Cattle Husbandry > Flashcards

Adult Dairy Cattle Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

Flight zones?

A

herd animals face a potential threat within a certain distance when the threat enters the flight zone the animal move away

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2
Q

cows point of balance?

A

shoulder

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3
Q

move in front of point of balance?

A

will make them go backwards

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4
Q

move behind point of balance?

A

moves the cattle forward

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5
Q

age of breeding?

A

15 months

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6
Q

age at calving?

A

24 months

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7
Q

pregnancy?

A

9 months long

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8
Q

Calving to conception?

A

85 days plus

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9
Q

calving to calving interval?

A

365-420 days

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10
Q

average life?

A

6 years

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11
Q

average number of calves and lactations:

A

3

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12
Q

length of lactation?

A

10 months

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13
Q

Dry period?

A

2 months

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14
Q

Yield from cow?

A

Jersey: 5,000L/year
Holstein: 10,000L/year

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15
Q

feed?

A

77% variable cost
33% of total costs of milk production

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16
Q

2nd biggest cost?

A

labour

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17
Q

consumption of average lactating dairy cow?

A

concentrate: 1 tonne
silage: 10 tonnes or 1-2 tonnes hay

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18
Q

major minerals?

A

Ca, P, Mg

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19
Q

good diet?

A

energy - fibre and starch
protein
major minerals
vitamins
trace element

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20
Q

in parlour feeding?

A

concentrate

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21
Q

straights? (feed)

A

cereal, oats maize wheat barley

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22
Q

lots of concentrate?

A

acidosis - fermentation of flora

23
Q

dairy cow feeding stages?

A

lactation, dry and transition

24
Q

describe lactation feeding stage?

A

calving and lactation, very high energy needs in early lactation (14-100 DM)

25
Q

describe ‘dry’ feeding stage?

A

last 60 days gestation keep BCS 3 / enable rapid increase in DMI after calving
reduce/eliminate concentrates to decrease milk production and avoid over-conditioning in the 2 weeks before drying

26
Q

describe the ‘transition’ feeding stage?

A

last 3 weeks pre-calving + 1st 2 weeks lactations

27
Q

negative energy balance?

A

need to minimise as much as possible however it is normal - need to feed properly afterwards so she can recooperate after lactation - can cope with deficit for a while

28
Q

DMI?

A

dry matter intake

29
Q

BCS?

A

body conditioning scoring

30
Q

what to feed dry cows?

A

recommended hay, straw and low D value stalky forages to maintain rumen fill without providing excess energy
low potassium forage (<1.5%)
low calcium, high magnesium

31
Q

D value?

A

measure of digestibility

32
Q

what to feed cows that are transitioning from dry to lactating?

A

support growth of calf & compensate for reduced DMI
(increased energy requirements)
weight of rumen can increase by 50%
(2-5kg of conc - same feed as the milking cows
low potassium forages - ideally the same as the milking cows
Adjust DCAB
Urine pH should be 6.5-7)

33
Q

rumen buffer?

A

bicarb, buffer to counteract acid takes away of giving affects of high energy feed

34
Q

Dry matter intake ability?

A

(kg) is 2.5% of BW + 10% milk yield
min. forage 40% (50% needs to be 2.6cm to stimulate cudding)
Concentrates 60%

35
Q

How much do you feed a 700kg cow at peak lactation?

A

2.5% body weigh = 17.5kg DM
+ 10% milk production = 5kg DM
Total food/day = 22.5kg DM
* Minimum forage 40% = 9kg
* Concentrates 60% = 13.5kg
Maximum size meal? = 3kg
3-4kg per meal/ 4-5 meals per day

36
Q

Peripartum milk fever?

A

caused by the insufficient speed of adaptation (not nutritional deficiency of Ca)

37
Q

calcium homeostasis?

A

spring grass is high in water, postassium and low in calcium
diet contains too many +(ve) ions e.g. sodium&potassium
not enough negative ions (chloride and sulphur)
Calcium cannot be mobilised from the bones

38
Q

how do we manipulate the diet to combat calcium homeostasis?

A

either provide a low calcium diet pre-calving OR reduce potassium OR ensure adequate magnesium is being given (higher mag) OR maximising milk production/minimising metabolic disease (do separate slides on each of these, final slide is 18/40)

39
Q

common health problems?

A

poor fertility
mastitis
lameness
nutritional problems –> energy (metabolic problems)]
ALL INITIATE IN TRANSITION PERIOD

40
Q

when do we increase magnesium?

A

during transition

41
Q

Signs of oestrus?

A

in heat - when a cow is mounted
sometimes walk a lot more
Ask - ‘Does she stand to be mounted?’

42
Q

cow mounted?

A

12 hours after you see that, you inseminate them

43
Q

estrus alert device?

A

like a lottery card
as they are mounted it rubs and spread redness over the card

44
Q

Timed AI?

A

use hormones and manipulate cycles of cows to inseminate on a timely manner

45
Q

Reproductive management?

A

servicing protocol
synchronisation (prostaglandin, intra-vaginal progesterone implant)
pregnancy diagnosis

46
Q

scrotal circumference?

A

34 cm - breed specific

47
Q

electroejaculator?

A

vet only as can be harmful

48
Q

sources of infection - mastitus?

A

mammary gland/contagious organsisms
environmental

49
Q

mastitis treatment?

A

antibiotics (intra-mammary and/or systemic)
Withdrawal periods –> milk must be discarded + meat withold

50
Q

Economic impact of mastitis?

A

direct costs - discarded milk, drug and veterinary costs
Indirect costs - decreased milk yield, penalties or reduced income from changes in milk composition

51
Q

slides 33,34,35, 37 (2nd lect)

A
52
Q

Identification of mastitis?

A

clinical signs
foremilk all quarters (time-cost benefit)
in-line filters
rapid milk test
conductivity
milk recording every 5 weeks
somatic cell count, Bactoscan, Protein, Fat, Volume

53
Q

Lameness causes?

A

environmental - infectious or nutritional
Genetic
Management (crushes)

Animals in Society (17 decks)

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