The cattle industry Flashcards
Dairy cow?
Kept for milk production
slimmer, not much fat, very large udders (visible ‘milk veins’)
Beef cow?
kept for meat production
more fat, smaller udders
Black and white cow
HOLSTEIN (bred from friesians, tallers and slimmer bones, 700kg) or FRIESIAN (stockier/shorter/broader bones)
Dairy
Jersey
native, UK breed
tiny (450kg)
tends to be more dominant in a herd
dairy
smallest breed of commercial dairy cows?
jersey
Shorthorn?
Native, can be beef or dairy
(the ones on the practical were shorthorns)
Ayrshire
Dairy, red and white
slightly smaller than holsteins
confusing as you can have red holsteins
Brown swiss
continental breed from switzerland
Dairy cow
Montbeliarde
always have white head
dairy
french cow
can also be beef
Fleckvieh
also has white head gene
more rounded than Montbeliarde
dairy traditionally
also beef
looks less like a dairy cow than other dairy cows
crossbreeds?
tend to be more healthy and less diseases
Hereford
white head gene
native
beef
they are ‘red and white’
Aberdeen-Angus
native from scotland
Black (most common)
Always a solid colour but can be red
beef
Limousin
fiesty, wild
very obviously beef by view
Charlais
always milky white
french
beef
Simmental
taller
paler red and white
white head gene
beef
Belgian blue (Blanc bleu belge)
gene - makes muscles develop
very low fat content
used to cross to improve meat quantity
‘grey and white’
sire
father
dam
mother
pre-weaning calf?
period from birth to weaning at 8-10 weeks old. GIT transition from monogastric to ruminant
Heifer?
female cow that hasn’t calved
a female bovine that will/has calved for the first time
steer/bullock
male bovine that has been castrated
springer
a cow/heifer close to calving
bull
entire sexually mature male
transition cow?
a cow that is within the period of three weeks pre and post calving
fresh cow?
a cow that has recently given birth and is beginning to produce milk
dry cow?
a dairy cow that is ni longer producing milk. they are usually pregnant and have a dry period of 60 days before calving
freemartin?
a female that is the twin of a bull usually becomes infertile partial intersex
ovaries not usually going to develop properly
VWP
voluntary waiting period
after calving, choosing not to breed animals
BCS?
body conditioning score
cow-calf operation/suckler herd?
a management unit that maintains a breeding herd of cows and produces weaned calves for sale
feeder cattle?
those requiring more growth and/or fattening before slaughter
feedlot?
beef cattle enterprise where cattle are placed in confinement, fed harvested feeds and fattened for slaughter
finished cattle?
fed cattle whose time in the feedlot is completed and now ready for slaughter
red tractor?
monitor what consumers value the most about their food and understand what they expect from farmers
CHeCS?
cattle health certification schemes
For monitoring control and eradication of disease
what is a mandatory part of Red Tractor in 2020?
National Johne’s management plan
APHA?
Animal and Plant Health Agency
AHDB?
The Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board
DEFRA?
Department for environment food and rural affairs
how is bovine tuberculosis transmitted to humans?
can be through raw unpasteurised milk
bTB test?
skin test
comparative test using Bovine and Avian tuberculins
or blood test (not technically accredited) –> gamma interferon
