The cattle industry

Question 1

Dairy cow?

Answer 1

Kept for milk production
slimmer, not much fat, very large udders (visible ‘milk veins’)

Question 2

Beef cow?

Answer 2

kept for meat production
more fat, smaller udders

Question 3

Black and white cow

Answer 3

HOLSTEIN (bred from friesians, tallers and slimmer bones, 700kg) or FRIESIAN (stockier/shorter/broader bones)
Dairy

Question 4

Jersey

Answer 4

native, UK breed
tiny (450kg)
tends to be more dominant in a herd
dairy

Question 5

smallest breed of commercial dairy cows?

Answer 5

jersey

Question 6

Shorthorn?

Answer 6

Native, can be beef or dairy
(the ones on the practical were shorthorns)

Question 7

Ayrshire

Answer 7

Dairy, red and white
slightly smaller than holsteins
confusing as you can have red holsteins

Question 8

Brown swiss

Answer 8

continental breed from switzerland
Dairy cow

Question 9

Montbeliarde

Answer 9

always have white head
dairy
french cow
can also be beef

Question 10

Fleckvieh

Answer 10

also has white head gene
more rounded than Montbeliarde
dairy traditionally
also beef
looks less like a dairy cow than other dairy cows

Question 11

crossbreeds?

Answer 11

tend to be more healthy and less diseases

Question 12

Hereford

Answer 12

white head gene
native
beef
they are ‘red and white’

Question 13

Aberdeen-Angus

Answer 13

native from scotland
Black (most common)
Always a solid colour but can be red
beef

Question 14

Limousin

Answer 14

fiesty, wild
very obviously beef by view

Question 15

Charlais

Answer 15

always milky white
french
beef

Question 16

Simmental

Answer 16

taller
paler red and white
white head gene
beef

Question 17

Belgian blue (Blanc bleu belge)

Answer 17

gene - makes muscles develop
very low fat content
used to cross to improve meat quantity
‘grey and white’

Question 18

sire

Answer 18

father

Question 19

dam

Answer 19

mother

Question 20

pre-weaning calf?

Answer 20

period from birth to weaning at 8-10 weeks old. GIT transition from monogastric to ruminant

Question 21

Heifer?

Answer 21

female cow that hasn’t calved
a female bovine that will/has calved for the first time

Question 22

steer/bullock

Answer 22

male bovine that has been castrated

Question 23

springer

Answer 23

a cow/heifer close to calving

Question 24

bull

Answer 24

entire sexually mature male

Question 25

transition cow?

Answer 25

a cow that is within the period of three weeks pre and post calving

Question 26

fresh cow?

Answer 26

a cow that has recently given birth and is beginning to produce milk

Question 27

dry cow?

Answer 27

a dairy cow that is ni longer producing milk. they are usually pregnant and have a dry period of 60 days before calving

Question 28

freemartin?

Answer 28

a female that is the twin of a bull usually becomes infertile partial intersex ovaries not usually going to develop properly

Question 29

VWP

Answer 29

voluntary waiting period after calving, choosing not to breed animals

Question 30

BCS?

Answer 30

body conditioning score

Question 31

cow-calf operation/suckler herd?

Answer 31

a management unit that maintains a breeding herd of cows and produces weaned calves for sale

Question 32

feeder cattle?

Answer 32

those requiring more growth and/or fattening before slaughter

Question 33

feedlot?

Answer 33

beef cattle enterprise where cattle are placed in confinement, fed harvested feeds and fattened for slaughter

Question 34

finished cattle?

Answer 34

fed cattle whose time in the feedlot is completed and now ready for slaughter

Question 35

red tractor?

Answer 35

monitor what consumers value the most about their food and understand what they expect from farmers

Question 36

CHeCS?

Answer 36

cattle health certification schemes For monitoring control and eradication of disease

Question 37

what is a mandatory part of Red Tractor in 2020?

Answer 37

National Johne's management plan

Question 38

APHA?

Answer 38

Animal and Plant Health Agency

Question 39

AHDB?

Answer 39

The Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board

Question 40

DEFRA?

Answer 40

Department for environment food and rural affairs

Question 41

how is bovine tuberculosis transmitted to humans?

Answer 41

can be through raw unpasteurised milk

Question 42

bTB test?

Answer 42

skin test comparative test using Bovine and Avian tuberculins or blood test (not technically accredited) --> gamma interferon