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Animals in Society > The cattle industry > Flashcards

The cattle industry Flashcards

1
Q

Dairy cow?

A

Kept for milk production
slimmer, not much fat, very large udders (visible ‘milk veins’)

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2
Q

Beef cow?

A

kept for meat production
more fat, smaller udders

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3
Q

Black and white cow

A

HOLSTEIN (bred from friesians, tallers and slimmer bones, 700kg) or FRIESIAN (stockier/shorter/broader bones)
Dairy

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4
Q

Jersey

A

native, UK breed
tiny (450kg)
tends to be more dominant in a herd
dairy

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5
Q

smallest breed of commercial dairy cows?

A

jersey

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6
Q

Shorthorn?

A

Native, can be beef or dairy
(the ones on the practical were shorthorns)

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7
Q

Ayrshire

A

Dairy, red and white
slightly smaller than holsteins
confusing as you can have red holsteins

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8
Q

Brown swiss

A

continental breed from switzerland
Dairy cow

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9
Q

Montbeliarde

A

always have white head
dairy
french cow
can also be beef

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10
Q

Fleckvieh

A

also has white head gene
more rounded than Montbeliarde
dairy traditionally
also beef
looks less like a dairy cow than other dairy cows

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11
Q

crossbreeds?

A

tend to be more healthy and less diseases

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12
Q

Hereford

A

white head gene
native
beef
they are ‘red and white’

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13
Q

Aberdeen-Angus

A

native from scotland
Black (most common)
Always a solid colour but can be red
beef

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14
Q

Limousin

A

fiesty, wild
very obviously beef by view

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15
Q

Charlais

A

always milky white
french
beef

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16
Q

Simmental

A

taller
paler red and white
white head gene
beef

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17
Q

Belgian blue (Blanc bleu belge)

A

gene - makes muscles develop
very low fat content
used to cross to improve meat quantity
‘grey and white’

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18
Q

sire

A

father

19
Q

dam

A

mother

20
Q

pre-weaning calf?

A

period from birth to weaning at 8-10 weeks old. GIT transition from monogastric to ruminant

21
Q

Heifer?

A

female cow that hasn’t calved
a female bovine that will/has calved for the first time

22
Q

steer/bullock

A

male bovine that has been castrated

23
Q

springer

A

a cow/heifer close to calving

24
Q

bull

A

entire sexually mature male

25
Q

transition cow?

A

a cow that is within the period of three weeks pre and post calving

26
Q

fresh cow?

A

a cow that has recently given birth and is beginning to produce milk

27
Q

dry cow?

A

a dairy cow that is ni longer producing milk. they are usually pregnant and have a dry period of 60 days before calving

28
Q

freemartin?

A

a female that is the twin of a bull usually becomes infertile partial intersex
ovaries not usually going to develop properly

29
Q

VWP

A

voluntary waiting period
after calving, choosing not to breed animals

30
Q

BCS?

A

body conditioning score

31
Q

cow-calf operation/suckler herd?

A

a management unit that maintains a breeding herd of cows and produces weaned calves for sale

32
Q

feeder cattle?

A

those requiring more growth and/or fattening before slaughter

33
Q

feedlot?

A

beef cattle enterprise where cattle are placed in confinement, fed harvested feeds and fattened for slaughter

34
Q

finished cattle?

A

fed cattle whose time in the feedlot is completed and now ready for slaughter

35
Q

red tractor?

A

monitor what consumers value the most about their food and understand what they expect from farmers

36
Q

CHeCS?

A

cattle health certification schemes
For monitoring control and eradication of disease

37
Q

what is a mandatory part of Red Tractor in 2020?

A

National Johne’s management plan

38
Q

APHA?

A

Animal and Plant Health Agency

39
Q

AHDB?

A

The Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board

40
Q

DEFRA?

A

Department for environment food and rural affairs

41
Q

how is bovine tuberculosis transmitted to humans?

A

can be through raw unpasteurised milk

42
Q

bTB test?

A

skin test
comparative test using Bovine and Avian tuberculins
or blood test (not technically accredited) –> gamma interferon

43
Q
A

Animals in Society (17 decks)

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