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Animals in Society > Equine Husbandry > Flashcards

Equine Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

requirements of stables for horses?

A

suitable bedding - so does not exacerbate asthma
mucked out regularly

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2
Q

suitable bedding?

A

needs to be free of excessive dust, non-toxic and absorbent
e.g. straw, shavings (sawdust), pellets, chippings, paper, rubber matting

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3
Q

types of stables?

A

individual stables - limits respiratory disease
american barns - nice communal but separate area however easy for resp issue to spread
loose/communal barns - mainly stud farms, need a similar herd group

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4
Q

head down grazing, why do they need to do it?

A

mucus clearing - clear upper airways of lungs

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5
Q

min requirement of pasture space?

A

1 acre per horse

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6
Q

why do we need to maintain good drainage?

A

hoof health

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7
Q

toxic plants for horses?

A

ragwort
buttercups
sycamore seeds and seedlings

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8
Q

ragwort?

A

very toxic
can result in fatal liver disease
won’t eat when alive, but when ragwort is dead they will
take care when cutting fields for hay

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9
Q

buttercups?

A

can cause liver damage

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10
Q

sycamore seeds and seedlings?

A

causes atypical myopathy - widespread muscle breakdown

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11
Q

types of fencing

A

wooden post and rail
vinyl post and rail
barbed wire (not ideal)
electric fence

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12
Q

fly grazing?

A

the illegal grazing of horses on land where owners have not obtained permission

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13
Q

what is the UK governed by?

A

Animal Welfare Act of 2006

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14
Q

What does the Animal Welfare Act of 2006 require owners/keepers of any horse/pony/donkey or mule to ensure?

A

A suitable environment to live in
A healthy diet + fresh clean water
Is able to behave normally
Has appropriate company
Protected from pain injury suffering and disease

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15
Q

what type of feeders are horses?

A

trickle feeders

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16
Q

trickle feeders?

A

should have access to forage (grass, hay, haylage, straw) during most of their non-active hours

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17
Q

what can overfeeding of concentrates lead to?

A

gastric ulceration, myopathy, equine metabolic syndrome and laminitis

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18
Q

bond in donkeys?

A

they pair bond!!!!

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19
Q

weaving?

A

lateral movement of head from side to side

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20
Q

crib biting?

A

putting teeth on object, pulling back neck and inhaling air let out a grunting noise

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21
Q

wind-sucking?

A

similar to crib biting but without the object

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22
Q

stress can lead to repetitive behaviours which can become fixed, name some of these?

A

crib biting
wind-sucking
weaving
box walking
wood chewing

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23
Q

stereotypies?

A

stable vices

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24
Q

what are some of the signs that the horse is in a frustrating environment and stressed?

A

confinement
lack of socialisation
temperament
boredom or over stimulation
sudden changes in routine
unnatural feeding schedules or feeds
insufficient exercise
uncomfortable stall situation
genetics

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25
Q

what can a stressed horse (induced by the environment) lead to?

A

weight loss, colic injury
property damage
animal welfare issue

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26
Q

warning signals in horses?

A

ears back
head tossing/thrown up
agitated/stamping ground
tail swishing
vocalisation
threatening to bite/kick/strike
rearing

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27
Q

equine learning theory?

A

horses are trial and error learners - learn from experiences
great long-term memory
poor short-term memory

28
Q

when do we wean horses?

A

generally 4-6 months of age

29
Q

overfeeding foals - what does this result in?

A

in developmental orthopedic diseases e.g. osteochondrosis, physitis, cervical vertebral stenoic myelopathy, contracted tendons

30
Q

pre-weaning preventative medicine?

A

deworming and vaccinations

31
Q

types of weaning?

A

total and abrupt weaning
partial and gradual weaning

32
Q

total and abrupt weaning?

A

most common
most stressful
usually when there is more than one foal

33
Q

partial and gradual weaning?

A

shown to be least stressful
group of mares and foals and they separate the mares and foals to separate sides of secure fencing, still have relationship and support from other animals - gradually the mares are taken away

34
Q

thorough bred birthday?

A

always 1st January

35
Q

when are thorough breds ‘broken in’ and how long does this process take?

A

broken in at breaking stables around 18 months old and lasts around 3 weeks

36
Q

what is breaking in?

A

‘breaking their flight reflex

37
Q

when are TB’s often racing?

A

2 years

38
Q

what is a chifney often used in?

A

stallions

39
Q

methods of restraint?

A

head collar/bridle/chifney
stocks
twitch
sedation
Equine Learning Theory

40
Q

monitor daily signs of ill health, what are these?

A

demeanour & behaviour
appetite
water intake
defecation/urination
coat
body fat score

41
Q

vital signs of ill health?

A

temperature
respiration rate
pulse

42
Q

colic signs?

A

rolling, looking at bellies, kicking up at their bellies, pawing

43
Q

choke?

A

food material coming out of nose
coughing a lot
stuff stuck in oesophagus - they can still breath though so will not cause asphyxiation

44
Q

opthalmic issues?

A

could be conjuncitvitus or eye ulcer

45
Q

routine health care plans?

A

parasite control programme
vaccination programme
foot care
dental care
fly control in summer months
infectious disease isolation procedures on yard

46
Q

high worm burden can result in?

A

weight loss, colic, diarrhoea and even death

47
Q

wormer?

A

anthelmintics

48
Q

FWEC?

A

Faecal worm egg counts used to assess worm burdens

49
Q

programme for parasite control?

A

remove faeces from pasture (2xweek)
avoid overstocking/grazing
rotate grazing with sheep/cattle or rest pasture regularly
avoid moving horses to clean pastures within 2 weeks of worming
muck out stables regularly (esp when they contain foals or weaning)
Targeted worming programs

50
Q

where are the vaccinations recorded?

A

Horse Passports

51
Q

tetanus vaccination?

A

recommended for all horses
very susceptible
environment they live
frequency of injury
bacteria in the soil and can enter through the wound

52
Q

equine influenza?

A

highly contagious viral disease of the respiratory tract and the disease can debilitate

53
Q

how does equine influenza debilitate?

A

risk of permanent lung damage which reduces athletic ability

54
Q

FEI and British Horse Racing Authority compulsory Rules of vaccination against equine influenza?

A

no vaccination = no competition
record in horse passport

55
Q

feet trimmed regularly by?

A

farrier

56
Q

any horses ridden or driven on hard roads/rough surfaces require?

A

shoes

57
Q

how often are hooves trimmed and re-shod?

A

every 4-8 weeks as advised by the farrier

58
Q

teeth grow?

A

continually throughout life

59
Q

how often should teeth be checked throughout by a veterinary professional?

A

at least once a year

60
Q

What are the signs of horses with sharp or abnormal teeth?

A

because they are unable to chew properly - this can result in:
quidding
weight loss
difficulty accepting the bit
dental pain

61
Q

what is quidding?

A

half chewed food dropping out of mouth - start to eat, then uncomfy, not all horses quidd though - some may swallow so prone to choking

62
Q

sweet itch?

A

it is an allergic skin condition - hypersensitivity to bites from the culicoides midge (evening) - super itchy and irritated skin, neck (mane) and tail and rump region

63
Q

pruritis?

A

itchy skin

64
Q

fly control?

A

fly rug or fly masks
fly repellents
midge sensitivity
(staying in stable at dawn and dusk)

65
Q

Regulations and legislation?

A

The Animal Welfare Act 2006
DEFRA - Code of practice for horse owners
NGOs - RSPCA

66
Q
A

Animals in Society (17 decks)

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