Question 1

Amphetamines

Accepted Answer

The amphetamine family consists of amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine. All are powerful CNS stimulants. In addition to their CNS actions, amphetamines have significant peripheral actions—actions that can cause cardiac stimulation and vasoconstriction. The amphetamines have a high potential for abuse.

Question 2

ADHD

Accepted Answer

ADHD is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder of childhood, affecting 5% of school-age children. The incidence in boys is 2 to 3 times the incidence in girls. Symptoms begin between ages 3 and 7, usually persist into the teens, and often persist on into adulthood. The majority (60% to 70%) of children respond well to stimulant drugs. In about 30% to 60% of cases, childhood ADHD persists into adulthood. In the United States, about 8 million adults are afflicted, although an estimated 90% are undiagnosed and untreated. Symptoms include poor concentration, stress intolerance, antisocial behavior, outbursts of anger, and inability to maintain a routine. Also, adults with ADHD experience more job loss, divorce, and driving accidents. As in childhood ADHD, therapy with a stimulant drug is the foundation of treatment. Methylphenidate is prescribed most often. About 33% of adults fail to respond to stimulants or cannot tolerate their side effects. For these patients, a trial with a nonstimulant may help. Combining behavioral therapy with drug therapy may be more effective than drug therapy alone.

Question 3

Methylxanthines

Accepted Answer

methylated derivatives of xanthine, hence the family name. These compounds consist of a xanthine nucleus with one or more methyl groups attached. Caffeine, the most familiar member of the family

Question 4

Amphetamine Sulfate -category

Accepted Answer

Amphetamine

Question 5

Methylphenidate -category

Accepted Answer

CNS stimulant

Question 6

Caffeine - category

Accepted Answer

Methylxanthine

Question 7

Atomoxetine - category

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitor

Question 8

Amphetamine Sulfate - use

Accepted Answer

prominent effects on mood and arousal. At usual doses, they increase wakefulness and alertness, reduce fatigue, elevate mood, and augment self-confidence and initiative. Euphoria, talkativeness, and increased motor activity are likely. Task performance that had been reduced by fatigue or boredom improves

Question 9

Amphetamine Sulfate - adverse effects

Accepted Answer

insomnia, restlessness, weight loss, increase of heart rate and blood pressure, paranoid psychosis.

Question 10

Amphetamine Sulfate - mechanism of action

Accepted Answer

release of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), and partly by inhibiting reuptake of both transmitters. These actions take place in the CNS and in peripheral nerves. Most pharmacologic effects result from release of NE.

Question 11

Methylphenidate - use

Accepted Answer

ADHD and narcolepsy

Question 12

Methylphenidate - adverse effects

Accepted Answer

insomnia, reduced appetite, emotional lability, abuse liability

Question 13

Methylphenidate - mechanism of action

Accepted Answer

promotion of NE and DA release, and inhibition of NE and DA reuptake

Question 14

caffeine - use

Accepted Answer

stimulant effects: neonatal apnea, promote wakefulness, etc

Question 15

caffeine - mechanism of action

Accepted Answer

(1) reversible blockade of adenosine receptors, (2) enhancement of calcium permeability in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and (3) inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, resulting in accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Blockade of adenosine receptors appears responsible for most effects.

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Wek 10 - Chapter 36 Central Nervous System Stimulants and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Flashcards

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