Question 1

Acid-Neutralizing Capacity

Accepted Answer

ANC in short is a measure for the overall buffering capacity against acidification for a solution

Question 2

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Accepted Answer

common disorder characterized by heartburn and acid regurgitation. The disease is formally defined by the presence of troublesome symptoms or complications caused by passage of gastric contents into the esophagus. associated with a wide range of symptoms and complications. On the basis of endoscopic examination, patients fall into two major groups: those with erosive esophagitis and those with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD)

Question 3

Helicobacter pylori

Accepted Answer

a gram-negative bacillus that can colonize the stomach and duodenum. By taking up residence in the space between epithelial cells and the mucus barrier that protects these cells, the bacterium manages to escape destruction by acid and pepsin. Once established, H. pylori can remain in the GI tract for decades. Although about half of the world's population is 948infected with H. pylori, most infected people never develop symptomatic PUD.

Question 4

Histamine2-Receptor Antagonists

Accepted Answer

-The H2RAs are effective drugs for treating gastric and duodenal ulcers. These agents promote ulcer healing by suppressing secretion of gastric acid. Four H2RAs are available: cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine. All four are equally effective. Serious side effects are uncommon.

Question 5

Parietal Cells

Accepted Answer

the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and in the body of the stomach.

Question 6

Pepsin

Accepted Answer

an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides (that is, a protease). It is produced in the stomach and is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive systems of humans and many other animals, where it helps digest the proteins in food.

Question 7

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Accepted Answer

-a group of upper GI disorders characterized by varying degrees of erosion of the gut wall. Severe ulcers can be complicated by hemorrhage and perforation. Although peptic ulcers can develop in any region exposed to acid and pepsin, ulceration is most common in the lesser curvature of the stomach and the duodenum. PUD is a common disorder that affects about 10% of Americans at some time in their lives. About 4 million Americans get ulcers each year. Before the mid-1990s, PUD was considered a chronic, relapsing disorder of unknown cause and with no known cure; therapy promoted healing but did not prevent ulcer recurrence. we know that most cases of PUD are caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori, and that eradication of this bacterium not only promotes healing, but greatly reduces the chance of recurrence.

Question 8

Prostaglandin E1

Accepted Answer

-In normal individuals, prostaglandins help protect the stomach by suppressing secretion of gastric acid, promoting secretion of bicarbonate and cytoprotective mucus, and maintaining submucosal blood flow

Question 9

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Accepted Answer

-The PPIs are the most effective drugs we have for suppressing gastric acid secretion. Indications include gastric and duodenal ulcers and GERD. Similarities among the PPIs are more profound than the differences. Therefore, selecting among them is based largely on cost and prescriber preference. Although PPIs are generally well tolerated, they can increase the risk of serious adverse events, including fractures, pneumonia, acid rebound, and, possibly, intestinal infection with Clostridium difficile. To ensure that the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks, treatment should be limited to appropriate candidates, who should take the lowest dose needed for the shortest time possible.

Question 10

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Accepted Answer

-the primary disorder in which hypersecretion of acid alone causes ulcers. The syndrome is caused by a tumor that secretes gastrin, a hormone that stimulates gastric acid production. The amount of acid produced is so large that it overwhelms mucosal defenses. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare disorder that accounts for only 0.1% of duodenal ulcers.

Question 11

Amoxicillin/Clarithromycin/Omeprazole -

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics (for Helicobacter pylori). These drugs are not used alone because they are not effective and if given alone, resistance is increased.

Question 12

Cimetidine category

Accepted Answer

first H2RA available

Question 13

Omeprazole category

Accepted Answer

first PPI available

Question 14

Sucralfate Category

Accepted Answer

antiulcer

Question 15

Aluminum Hydroxide/Magnesium Hydroxide -

Accepted Answer

Antacids. decrease absorption of cimetidine. Antacids are alkaline compounds that neutralize stomach acid. Their principal indications are PUD and GERD. Antacids react with gastric acid to produce neutral salts or salts of low acidity. By neutralizing acid, these drugs decrease destruction of the gut wall. In addition, if treatment raises gastric pH above 5, these drugs will reduce pepsin activity as well. Antacids may also enhance mucosal protection by stimulating production of prostaglandins. These drugs do not coat the ulcer crater to protect it from acid and pepsin. With the exception of sodium bicarbonate, antacids are poorly absorbed, and therefore do not alter systemic pH.

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week 11 - Chapter 78 Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease Flashcards

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