Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 572 Pharmacology - Vocab > Pharm Final wks 13-15 > Flashcards

Pharm Final wks 13-15 Flashcards

1
Q

Adenosine

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Antidysrhythmic
MOA - Decreases automaticity in the SA node and greatly slows conduction through the AV node. Works by inhibiting cyclic AMP-induced calcium influx, thereby suppressing calcium-dependent action potentials in the SA and AV nodes.
THERAPEUTIC - (Heart) Termination of paroxysmal SVT, including Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
ADVERSE - Usually only last less than 1 minute. Most common are sinus bradycardia, dyspnea (from bronchoconstriction), hypotension and facial flushing
(from vasodilation), and chest discomfort.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Albuterol

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Adrenergic agonist; noncatecholamine- beta 2 specific
MOA - Activates beta 2 receptors by causing beta 2 mediated bronchodilation
THERAPEUTIC - (Broncodilator) airway resistance in asthma
ADVERSE - Minimal at therapeutic doses . Tremor is most common. Tachycardia in excessive dosage by activating beta 1 receptors in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aliskiren

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Direct Renin Inhibitor
MOA - binds tightly with renin, and thereby inhibits the cleavage of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
THERPEUTIC - (Heart) hypertension
ADVERSE - Hyperkalemia, Angioedema, cough, GI effects, fetal injury, and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alteplase (tPA)

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Thrombolytic
MOA - promote conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, an enzyme that degrades the fibrin matrix of thrombi
THERAPEUTIC - (heart) acute MI, acute ischemic stroke, and acute massive PE
ADVERSE -bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aspirin

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - First Generation NSAID (aantiplatelet/antimflamatory)
MOA - nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase
THERAPEUTIC - Angina, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and juvenile arthritis, mild to moderate pain, fever, dysmenorrhea, suppression of platelet aggregation, cancer prevention
ADVERSE - gastric distress, heartburn, and nausea, bleeding, renal impairement, salicylism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Azelastine

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Second-Generation (Nonsedating) H1 Antagonists: Antihistamine (allergic, cough,cold)
MOA - inhibits the release of histamine and other mediators from cells (e.g. mast cells) involved in the allergic response.
THERAPEUTIC - allergic rhinitis in adults and children over 12 years old
ADVERSE - Somnolence, nosebleeds, headaches, bitter taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Captopril

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - ACE inhibitor (heart)
MOA - reducing levels of angiotensin II (through inhibition of ACE) and increasing levels of bradykinin (through inhibition of kinase II)
THERAPEUTIC - Hypertension, Heart failure, Diabetic neuropatHy, Left ventricular dysfunction after an MI
ADVERSE - first dose hypotension, cough, hyperkalemia, Neutropenia, Angioedema, Fetal Injury, Renal failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clopidogrel

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - P2Y12 ADP receptor antagonist: antiplatelet
MOA - blocks P2Y12 ADP receptors on platelets, and thereby prevents ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation
THERAPEUTIC - prevent blockage of coronary artery stents, and to reduce thrombotic events—MI, ischemic stroke, and vascular death—in patients with ACS and in those with atherosclerosis documented by recent MI, recent stroke, or established peripheral arterial disease
ADVERSE - Bleeding, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea, and rash.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Colesevelam

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Bile Sequestrants (Cholesterol)
MOA - increase LDL receptors on hepatocytes and prevents reabsorption of bile acids which are need to make fats soluable
THERAPEUTIC - Reduces LDLs when taken with a modified diet and exercise
ADVERSE- Constipation and other GI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dabigatran

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Anticoagulant- direct thrombin inhibitors (Heart)
MOA - Reverse inhibitor of thrombin by binding with and inhibits thrombin that is free in the blood as well as thrombin that is bound to clots. By inhibiting thrombin, it prevents the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin and prevents the activation of factor XIII, and thereby prevents the conversion of soluble fibrin into insoluable fibrin
THERAPEUTIC - Prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Not in US but in Canada for prevention of VTW following knee or hip replacement surgery
ADVERSE - Bleeding and gastrointestinal disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dextromethorphan

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - OTC nonopioid antitussive (Cough)
MOA - blockade of receptors for N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) in the brain and spinal cord
THERAPEUTIC - previously only for cough now has been found to treat pain also
ADVERSE - euphoria or physical dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Digoxin

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Cardiac glycoside (Heart)
MOA - HF: Increases the force of ventricular contraction and increase cardiac output by inhibiting an enzyme known as sodium, potassium-ATPase. Inhibition of sodium, potassium ATPase promotes calcium accumulation within myocytes. The calcium then augments contractile force by facilitating the interaction of myocardial contractile proteins: actin and myosin. SVT dysrhythmias: digoxin suppresses dysrhythmias by decreasing conduction through the AV node and by decreasing automaticity in the SA node.
THERAPEUTIC - Heart failure and for control of supraventricular dysrhythmias
ADVERSE - HF: Cardiac dysrhythmias, GI effects (anorexia, nausea, vomiting), CNS effects (fatigue, visual disturbances).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Eplerenone

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Aldosterone Antagonist (Heart)
MOA - Selectrive bloackade of aldosterone receptors
THERAPEUTIC - Hypertension, Heart failure
ADVERSE - Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ezetimibe

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - “others:” blocks cholesterol absorption
MOA - inhibits cholesterol reabsorption impacting plasma lipids
THERAPEUTIC - reduces total cholesterol, LDLs, and apolipoprotein B. Approved to be used alone and with statins.
ADVERSE - Myopathy, Rhambomyolysis, Hepatitis, Panreatitis, and Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fluticasone

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Intranasal glucocorticoids (Antiinflammatory)
MOA - penetrate the cell membrane, and then bind with receptors in the cytoplasm, thereby converting the receptor from an inactive form to an active form.
THERAPEUTIC - mild to moderate rhinitis
ADVERSE - drying of the nasal mucosa and a burning or itching sensation. Sore throat, epistaxis (nosebleed), and headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Formoterol

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Long-acting beta2 agonists (Bronchodilator)
MOA - beta 2 agonist
THERAPEUTIC - asthma and COPD
ADVERSE - increase the risk of severe asthma and asthma-related death when used as monotherapy for long-term control

17
Q

Furosemide

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Loop Diuretic (Heart, Renal)
MOA - acts on ascending loop of Henle to block reabsorption
THERAPEUTIC - Pulmonary edema, edematous states, hypertension
ADVERSE - Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, HYPOTENSION (loss of volume, relaxation of venous smooth muscle), hypokalemia, OTOXICITY, hyperuremia

18
Q

Heparin

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - rapid-acting anticoagulant (Heart)
MOA - suppresses coagulation by helping antithrombin inactivate clotting factors, primarily thrombin and factor Xa. Low Molecular Weight heparins are as effective as unfractionated heparin, and are easier to use because they can be given using a fixed dosage and don’t require aPTT monitoring.
THERAPEUTIC - prevention of DVT following abdominal surgery, hip replacement surgery, or knee replacement surgery, treatment of established DVT, with or without PE, and prevention of ischemic complications in patients with unstable angina, non–Q-wave MI, and S-T elevation MI (STEMI).
ADVERSE - hemorrhage, spinal/epidural hematoma, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and hypersensitivity reactions.

19
Q

Hydralazine

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Vasodilator
MOA - selective dilation of arterioles, exact mechanism is UNKNOWN
THERAPEUTIC - Essential Hypertension, Hypertensive
crisis, Heart failure
ADVERSE - Reflex Tachycardia, Increased blood volume, Systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, headache,
dizziness, weakness, and fatigue.

20
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Thiazide (Heart,Renal)
MOA - blocks reabsorption in early segment of
the distal convoluted tubule
THERAPEUTIC - Essential hypertension, edema
ADVERSE - Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypokalemia, USE IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia.

21
Q

Hydrocodone

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Moderate to strong opioid agonists
MOA - Activate mu opioid receptors
THERAPEUTIC - Relieve pain and suppress cough
ADVERSE - Analgesia, sedation, and euphoria, respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retension, cough suppression, and miosis

22
Q

Ipratropium

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Anticholinergic agent
MOA - Blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the bronchi, reducing bronchospasm
THERAPEUTIC - Bronchospasm associated with COPD, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and the common cold
ADVERSE - Dry mouth, irritation of the pharynx, heart attack, stroke

23
Q

Lidocaine

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATERGORY - Class 1B Drug: Sodium Channel Blocker (heart)
MOA - lidocaine blocks cardiac sodium channels and thereby slows conduction in the atria, ventricles, and His Purkinje system, reduces automaticity in the ventricles and His-Purkinje system by a mechanism that is poorly understood, and accelerates repolarization
THERAPEUTIC - used only for ventricular dysrhythmias
ADVERSE - Heart block, AV block, heart failure, sinus arrest, hypotension, and bronchospasm in asthma patient

24
Q

Loratadine

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Second generation (Nonsedating) H1 antgonists (Allergic Rhinitis)
MOA - Selective blockade of H1 receptors
THERAPEUTIC - Seasonal allergic rhinitis
ADVERSE - Generally well-tolerated. Drowsiness and headache

25
Q

Lovastatin

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (Heart)
MOA - inhibits liver HMG-CoA reductase which increases the livers LDL receptors which in turn creates the greatest LDl cholesterol clearance from the blood
THERAPEUTIC - Hypercholesterolemia, primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, post MI therapy, Diabetes
ADVERSE - Headache, rash, Gi disturbances, and rarely myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, hepatotoxicity, new-onset diabetes and cataracts

26
Q

Metoprolol

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Second generation beta blockers (Heart)
MOA - Selective blockade of beta1 receptors in the heart
THERAPEUTIC - Hypertension, angina pectoris, heart failure, and myocardial infarction
ADVERSE - Bradycardia, reduced cardiac output, AV heart block, and rebound cardiac excitation following abrupt withdrawal, heart failure

27
Q

Nifedipine

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEFORY - Calcium Channel blocker: Dihydropyridines (heart)
MOA - blocks calcium channels in Vascular Smooth Muscle, NOT ON THE HEART
THERAPEUTIC - Angina pectoris and Hypertension ADVERSE - Flushing, Dizzines, Headache, Peripheral edema

28
Q

Nitroglycerin

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Organic Nitrate: Vasodilator (heart)
MOA - conversion of nitrate to its active form: nitric oxide activates guanylyl cyclase. Through a series of reactions, elevation of cGMP leads to dephosphorylation of light chain myosin in VSM, which cause relaxation in the form of vasodilation.
THERAPEUTIC - stable angina (decreases oxygen demand by venous dilation which decreases preload which decrease work of the heart). variant angina (relaxes/prevents coronary artery spasm)
ADVERSE - headache, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, life threatening hypotension when combined with erectile dysfunction drugs, tolerance (develops FAST= 1 day!, use lowest dose possible)

29
Q

Nitroprusside

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Antihypertensive (hear)
MOA - breaks down to release nitric oxide, which then activates guanylate cyclase, an enzyme present in VSM. Guanylate cyclase catalyzes the production of cyclic GMP, which, through a series of reactions, causes vasodilation.
THERAPEUTIC - Hypertensive Emergencies
ADVERSE - excessive hypotension, cyanide poisoning, thicyanate toxicity

30
Q

Oxymetazoline

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Intranasal Sympathomimetics (Decongestants)
MOA - Activates alpha1 adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels to cause vasoconstriction and in turn causes shrinkage of swollen membranes followed by nasal drainage
THERAPEUTIC - nasal congestion
ADVERSE - rebound congestion, CNS stimulation, Cardiovascular effects, abuse

31
Q

Quinidine

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Class 1A Drug: Sodium Channel Blocker (heart)
MOA - By blocking sodium channels, quinidine slows impulse conduction in the atria, ventricles, and His Purkinje system
THERAPEUTIC - broad-spectrum agent active against supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias.
ADVERSE - Diarrhea, Cinchonism (ringing in ears), cardiotoxicity, aterial embolism, hypotension, hypersensitivity reactions

32
Q

Ranolazine

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - antianginal (heart)
MOA - unknown
THERAPEUTIC - angina
ADVERSE - QT prolongation, elevation of blood pressure

33
Q

Rivaroxaban [Xeralto]

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - anticoagulant (heart)
MOA - selective inhibition of factor Xa (activated factor X)
THERAPEUTIC - prevention of DVT and PE following total hip or knee replacement surgery, prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, and treatment of DVT and PE unrelated to orthopedic surgery.
ADVERSE - bleeding, spinal/epidural hematoma

34
Q

Spironolactone

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Potassium sparing diuretic (Aldosterone Antagonist) (heart)
MOA - blocks aldosterone effects in the distal nephron, retention of potassium, and increased excretion of sodium.
THERAPEUTIC - Hypertension, edematous states, heart failure (decreases mortality in sever failure), acne in young women
ADVERSE - Hyperkalemia, Endocrine effects (gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, impotence, hirsutism, deepening of the voice)

35
Q

Theophylline

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Theophylline methylxanthine
MOA - unknown. causes broncodilation.
THERAPEUTIC - asthma and COPD
ADVERSE - therapeutic levels - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, restlessness. toxic levels - severe dysrhythmias (eg, ventricular fibrillation) and convulsions that can be highly resistant to treatment. Death may result from cardiorespiratory collapse.

36
Q

Verapamil

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - Calcium Channel blocker: Phenylalkylamine
MOA - blocks calcium channels directly effecting the heart and blood vessels causing bloackade at peripheral arterioles, arteries and arterioles of the heart, SA node, AV node, and contractile force of the myocardium.
THERAPEUTIC - Angina Pectoris, Essential Hypertension, Cardiac Dysrthymias (slows ventricular rate & terminate SVT caused by an AV nodal reentrant circuit)
ADVERSE - Constipation, Bradycardia, Hypotension, AV block, Heart failure, Peripheral edema, Can elevated digoxin levels, increased risk when combined with a beta blocker

37
Q

Warfarin

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - anticoagulant: vitamin K antagonist
MOA - decreasing production of four clotting factors VII, IX, X, and prothrombin
THERAPEUTIC - prevention of venous thrombosis and associated PE, prevention of thromboembolism in patients with prosthetic heart valves, and prevention of thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation
ADVERSE - hemorrhage, fetal hemorrhage and teratogensis when used during pregnancy and lactation

38
Q

Zileuton

Category
MOA
Therapeutic Use
Adverse Effects

A

CATEGORY - inhibitor of leukotriene synthesis
MOA - inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase, the enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into leukotrienes. This decreases the amount of leukotrienes available to
induce inflammation.
THERAPEUTIC - anti-inflammatory; asthma prophylaxis and maintenance therapy in adults and children age 12 years and older.
ADVERSE - depression, anxiety, agitation, abnormal dreams, hallucinations, insomnia, irritability, restlessness, and suicidal thinking and behavior, liver injury

NURS 572 Pharmacology - Vocab (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions