Question 1

Adenosine Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - Antidysrhythmic MOA - Decreases automaticity in the SA node and greatly slows conduction through the AV node. Works by inhibiting cyclic AMP-induced calcium influx, thereby suppressing calcium-dependent action potentials in the SA and AV nodes. THERAPEUTIC - (Heart) Termination of paroxysmal SVT, including Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ADVERSE - Usually only last less than 1 minute. Most common are sinus bradycardia, dyspnea (from bronchoconstriction), hypotension and facial flushing (from vasodilation), and chest discomfort.

Question 2

Albuterol Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - Adrenergic agonist; noncatecholamine- beta 2 specific MOA - Activates beta 2 receptors by causing beta 2 mediated bronchodilation THERAPEUTIC - (Broncodilator) airway resistance in asthma ADVERSE - Minimal at therapeutic doses . Tremor is most common. Tachycardia in excessive dosage by activating beta 1 receptors in the heart

Question 3

Aliskiren Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - Direct Renin Inhibitor MOA - binds tightly with renin, and thereby inhibits the cleavage of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I THERPEUTIC - (Heart) hypertension ADVERSE - Hyperkalemia, Angioedema, cough, GI effects, fetal injury, and death

Question 4

Alteplase (tPA) Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - Thrombolytic MOA - promote conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, an enzyme that degrades the fibrin matrix of thrombi THERAPEUTIC - (heart) acute MI, acute ischemic stroke, and acute massive PE ADVERSE -bleeding

Question 5

Aspirin Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - First Generation NSAID (aantiplatelet/antimflamatory) MOA - nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase THERAPEUTIC - Angina, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and juvenile arthritis, mild to moderate pain, fever, dysmenorrhea, suppression of platelet aggregation, cancer prevention ADVERSE - gastric distress, heartburn, and nausea, bleeding, renal impairement, salicylism

Question 6

Azelastine Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - Second-Generation (Nonsedating) H1 Antagonists: Antihistamine (allergic, cough,cold) MOA - inhibits the release of histamine and other mediators from cells (e.g. mast cells) involved in the allergic response. THERAPEUTIC - allergic rhinitis in adults and children over 12 years old ADVERSE - Somnolence, nosebleeds, headaches, bitter taste

Question 7

Captopril Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - ACE inhibitor (heart) MOA - reducing levels of angiotensin II (through inhibition of ACE) and increasing levels of bradykinin (through inhibition of kinase II) THERAPEUTIC - Hypertension, Heart failure, Diabetic neuropatHy, Left ventricular dysfunction after an MI ADVERSE - first dose hypotension, cough, hyperkalemia, Neutropenia, Angioedema, Fetal Injury, Renal failure.

Question 8

Clopidogrel Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - P2Y12 ADP receptor antagonist: antiplatelet MOA - blocks P2Y12 ADP receptors on platelets, and thereby prevents ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation THERAPEUTIC - prevent blockage of coronary artery stents, and to reduce thrombotic events—MI, ischemic stroke, and vascular death—in patients with ACS and in those with atherosclerosis documented by recent MI, recent stroke, or established peripheral arterial disease ADVERSE - Bleeding, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea, and rash.

Question 9

Colesevelam Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - Bile Sequestrants (Cholesterol) MOA - increase LDL receptors on hepatocytes and prevents reabsorption of bile acids which are need to make fats soluable THERAPEUTIC - Reduces LDLs when taken with a modified diet and exercise ADVERSE- Constipation and other GI

Question 10

Dabigatran Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - Anticoagulant- direct thrombin inhibitors (Heart) MOA - Reverse inhibitor of thrombin by binding with and inhibits thrombin that is free in the blood as well as thrombin that is bound to clots. By inhibiting thrombin, it prevents the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin and prevents the activation of factor XIII, and thereby prevents the conversion of soluble fibrin into insoluable fibrin THERAPEUTIC - Prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Not in US but in Canada for prevention of VTW following knee or hip replacement surgery ADVERSE - Bleeding and gastrointestinal disturbances

Question 11

Dextromethorphan Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - OTC nonopioid antitussive (Cough) MOA - blockade of receptors for N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) in the brain and spinal cord THERAPEUTIC - previously only for cough now has been found to treat pain also ADVERSE - euphoria or physical dependence

Question 12

Digoxin Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - Cardiac glycoside (Heart) MOA - HF: Increases the force of ventricular contraction and increase cardiac output by inhibiting an enzyme known as sodium, potassium-ATPase. Inhibition of sodium, potassium ATPase promotes calcium accumulation within myocytes. The calcium then augments contractile force by facilitating the interaction of myocardial contractile proteins: actin and myosin. SVT dysrhythmias: digoxin suppresses dysrhythmias by decreasing conduction through the AV node and by decreasing automaticity in the SA node. THERAPEUTIC - Heart failure and for control of supraventricular dysrhythmias ADVERSE - HF: Cardiac dysrhythmias, GI effects (anorexia, nausea, vomiting), CNS effects (fatigue, visual disturbances).

Question 13

Eplerenone Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - Aldosterone Antagonist (Heart) MOA - Selectrive bloackade of aldosterone receptors THERAPEUTIC - Hypertension, Heart failure ADVERSE - Hyperkalemia

Question 14

Ezetimibe Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - "others:" blocks cholesterol absorption MOA - inhibits cholesterol reabsorption impacting plasma lipids THERAPEUTIC - reduces total cholesterol, LDLs, and apolipoprotein B. Approved to be used alone and with statins. ADVERSE - Myopathy, Rhambomyolysis, Hepatitis, Panreatitis, and Thrombocytopenia

Question 15

Fluticasone Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - Intranasal glucocorticoids (Antiinflammatory) MOA - penetrate the cell membrane, and then bind with receptors in the cytoplasm, thereby converting the receptor from an inactive form to an active form. THERAPEUTIC - mild to moderate rhinitis ADVERSE - drying of the nasal mucosa and a burning or itching sensation. Sore throat, epistaxis (nosebleed), and headache

Question 16

Formoterol Category MOA Therapeutic Use Adverse Effects

Accepted Answer

CATEGORY - Long-acting beta2 agonists (Bronchodilator) MOA - beta 2 agonist THERAPEUTIC - asthma and COPD ADVERSE - increase the risk of severe asthma and asthma-related death when used as monotherapy for long-term control

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Pharm Final wks 13-15 Flashcards

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