Question 1

Anterograde Amnesia

Accepted Answer

impaired recall of events that take place after dosing/injury

Question 2

Drug-Dependency Insomnia

Accepted Answer

particular problem with older hypnotics (eg, barbiturates), and develops as follows: 1. Insomnia motivates treatment with hypnotics. 2. With continuous drug use, low-level physical dependence develops. 3. Upon cessation of treatment, a mild withdrawal syndrome occurs and disrupts sleep. 4. Failing to recognize that the inability to sleep is a manifestation of drug withdrawal, the patient becomes convinced that insomnia has returned and resumes drug use. 5. Continued drug use leads to heightened physical dependence, making it even more difficult to withdraw medi­cation without producing another episode of drug-dependency insomnia. To minimize drug-dependency insomnia, hypnotics should be employed judiciously. That is, they should be used in the lowest effective dosage for the shortest time required.

Question 3

Hypnotics

Accepted Answer

drugs that depress central nervous system (CNS) function.

Question 4

Melatonin Agonist

Accepted Answer

analogies of melatonin that bind to and activate melatonin receptors

Question 5

Non-Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep

Accepted Answer

NREM sleep is further divided into four stages, labeled I, II, III, and IV. Sleep is relatively light in stages I and II, and deep in stages III and IV.

Question 6

REM Sleep

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is the phase when most recallable dreams occur

Question 7

Triazolam - use

Accepted Answer

used to promote sleep

Question 8

Triazolam - category

Accepted Answer

benzodiazepines

Question 9

Triazolam - mechanism of action

Accepted Answer

potentiate the actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter found throughout the CNS. These drugs enhance the actions of GABA by binding to specific receptors in a supramolecular structure known as the GABA receptor–chloride channel complex

Question 10

Triazolam - adverse effects

Accepted Answer

Category X. Common retro-grade amnesia. tolerance to hypnotic effects can develop quickly—in 11 to 18 days, which is much faster than with other benzodiazepines; and (2) triazolam causes more rebound insomnia than other benzodiazepines.

Question 11

Zolpidem - use

Accepted Answer

short-term management of insomnia

Question 12

Zolpidem - category

Accepted Answer

benzodiazepine-like drug

Question 13

Zolpidem - adverse effects

Accepted Answer

Short-term treatment is not associated with significant tolerance or physical dependence. Withdrawal symptoms are minimal or absent. Similarly, the abuse liability of zolpidem is low. Accordingly, the drug is classified under Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act. Like other sedative-hypnotics, zolpidem can intensify the effects of other CNS depressants. Accordingly, patients should be warned against combining zolpidem with alcohol and all other drugs that depress CNS function.

Question 14

Zolpidem - mechanism of action

Accepted Answer

binds to the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA receptor–chloride channel complex and shares some properties of the benzodiazepines. Like the benzodiazepines, zolpidem can reduce sleep latency and awakenings and can prolong sleep duration. The drug does not significantly reduce time in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and causes little or no rebound insomnia when therapy is discontinued

Question 15

Zaleplon - use

Accepted Answer

short-term management of insomnia, but prolonged use does not appear to cause tolerance

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Week 10 - Chapter 34 Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs Flashcards

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