Question 1

Adrenal Cortex Hormones Affect multiple processes...

Accepted Answer

>Maintenance of glucose availability >Regulation of water and electrolyte balance >Development of sex characteristics >Life-preserving responses to stress

Question 2

Three classes of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex:

Accepted Answer

>Glucocorticoids >Mineralocorticoids >Androgens

Question 3

Two most familiar forms of adrenocortical dysfunction:

Accepted Answer

1. Adrenal hormone excess >Cushing’s syndrome 2. Adrenal hormone deficiency >Addison’s disease

Question 4

Glucocorticoids: Physiologic Effects

Accepted Answer

``` --Occur at low levels of glucocorticoids >Carbohydrate metabolism >Protein metabolism >Fat metabolism >Cardiovascular system >Skeletal muscle >Central nervous system >Stress >Respiratory system in neonates ```

Question 5

Mineralocorticoids

Accepted Answer

>Influence renal processing of sodium, potassium, and hydrogen >Aldosterone -Promotes sodium and potassium hemostasis -Maintains intravascular volume -Has harmful cardiovascular effects at high levels -Regulated by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Question 6

Adrenal Hormone Excess What do you get?

Accepted Answer

-Cushing’s syndrome >Clinical presentation -Obesity, Hyperglycemia, Glycosuria -Hypertension, Fluid and electrolyte disturbances

Question 7

Cushing's syndrome Treatment

Accepted Answer

>Carcinoma/adenoma: Surgical removal of adrenal gland >Replacement therapy with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids for bilateral adrenalectomy >Drugs used as adjuncts to surgical treatment -Mitotane: Toxic to adrenocortical cells -Ketoconazole: Antifungal that reduces glucorcorticoid synthesis

Question 8

Adrenal Hormone Insufficiency What do you get?

Accepted Answer

--Addison’s disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency) >Clinical presentation and causes -Weakness and hypotension -Emaciation -Hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia -Increased pigmentation of skin and mucous membranes

Question 9

Addison's disease Treatment

Accepted Answer

>Replacement therapy with adrenocorticoids >Should mimic normal patterns of corticosteroid secretion > ⅔ in the morning and ⅓ in the afternoon >Doses much smaller for endocrine disorders than for nonendocrine disorders >Dosage is increased in times of stress >Hydrocortisone is drug of choice >Both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid

Question 10

Fludrocortisone [Florinef]

Accepted Answer

Potent mineralocorticoid

Question 11

Fludrocortisone [Florinef] Therapeutic uses

Accepted Answer

- Addison’s disease - Primary hypoaldosteronism - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 12

Fludrocortisone [Florinef] Adverse effects

Accepted Answer

- Hypertension - Edema - Cardiac enlargement - Hypokalemia

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Week 11 - Chapter 60 Drugs for Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM