Question 1

Abstinence Syndrome

Accepted Answer

If opioids are withdrawn, an abstinence syndrome usually will follow. The intensity and duration of the opioid abstinence syndrome depends on two factors: the half-life of the drug being used and the degree of physical dependence.

Question 2

Abuse

Accepted Answer

Abuse can be broadly defined as drug use that is inconsistent with medical or social norms. By this definition, abuse is determined primarily by the reason for drug use and by the setting in which that use occurs—and not by the pharmacologic properties of the drug itself. For example, whereas it is not considered abuse to administer 20 mg of morphine in a hospital to relieve pain, it is considered abuse to administer the same dose of the same drug on the street to produce euphoria.

Question 3

Addiction

Accepted Answer

Addiction is defined by the American Society of Addiction Medicine as a disease process characterized by continued use of a psychoactive substance despite physical, psychologic, or social harm. Note that nowhere in this definition is addiction equated with physical dependence. In fact, physical dependence is not even part of the definition.

Question 4

Agonist-Antagonist Opioids

Accepted Answer

Pentazocine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, Buprenorphine

Question 5

Analgesics

Accepted Answer

drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness

Question 6

Cross-Tolerance

Accepted Answer

exists among the opioid agonists (eg, oxycodone, methadone, fentanyl, codeine, heroin). Accordingly, individuals tolerant to one of these agents will be tolerant to all the others. No cross-tolerance exists between opioids and general CNS depressants (eg, barbiturates, ethanol, benzodiazepines, general anesthetics).

Question 7

Delta Receptor

Accepted Answer

opioid analgesics do not interact with delta receptors.

Question 8

Dynorphins

Accepted Answer

peptides that act on kappa receptors

Question 9

Endorphins

Accepted Answer

peptides that act on mu and delta receptors

Question 10

Enkephalins

Accepted Answer

peptides that act on delta receptors

Question 11

Kappa Receptor

Accepted Answer

Analgesia, Sedation, Decreased GI motility

Question 12

Mu Receptor

Accepted Answer

Analgesia, respiratory depression, sedation, euphoria, physical dependence, Decreased GI motility.

Question 13

Narcotic

Accepted Answer

aka opioids

Question 14

Opioid

Accepted Answer

An opioid (previously known as a narcotic) is any drug, natural or synthetic, that has actions similar to those of morphine. The term opiate is more specific and applies only to compounds present in opium (eg, morphine, codeine).

Question 15

Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA)

Accepted Answer

PCA is a method of drug delivery that permits the patient to self-administer parenteral (transdermal, IV, subQ, epidural) opioids on an “as-needed” basis. PCA has been employed primarily for relief of pain in postoperative patients. Other candidates include patients experiencing pain caused by cancer, trauma, myocardial infarction, vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis, and labor. As discussed below, PCA offers several advantages over opioids administered by the nurse.

Question 16

Physical Dependence

Accepted Answer

physical dependence is a state in which an abstinence syndrome will occur if the dependence-producing drug is abruptly withdrawn. Physical dependence is NOT the same as addiction.

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Week 9 - Chapter 28 Opioid Analgesics, Antagonists, and Centrally Acting Nonopioid Analgesics Flashcards

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