Weimar Republic (up to 33) & Hitlers Rise to Power Flashcards
When did Germany sign the Armistice
11th Nov 1918
What were the politicians that signed the armistice called by the Nationalists
November Criminals
What did the Nationalists believe about the war
They would have won the war if left wing protests had not undermined people’s fighting spirit
When and where was a new democratic government made
Jan 1919 in Weimar
Why did they set up a parliament in Weimar
Because political violence meant Berlin was not a safe place to set up a parliament
What was the name for the new government’s rules for the country
Weimar constitution
This new constitution allowed everyone over…
20 to vote
The new constitution had a voting system called..
Proportional Representation
The new constitution held elections every…
4 years
The new constitution elected Presidents every..
7 years
The constitution was seen as too..
democratic
article 48 of The constitution recognised this could be a problem so made laws that the..
President and Chancellor could pass
When was the Treaty of Versailles
June 1919
LAMB was given to Germany as a fair punishment. What does it mean
Land- 13% of German land was lost
Armed forces- Restricted to 100,000 in the army and no air force or submarines allowed
Money- Germany was given a fine of £6.6 billion of reparations for all the damage caused
Blame- Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war
Why did Left wing communists hate the Weimar government
because they believe democracy is a trick
When and where was the Spartacists Revolution
Jan 1919 in Berlin
Who did the Weimar government pay to end the revolution
the Freikorps
When did Kapp (the leader of Freikorps) attempt to seize power in Berlin and what was it called
1920 Kapp Putsch
What drove Germany into even greater poverty
Financial costs of reparations
What happened when the German government said they couldn’t afford the next payment
France and Belgium invaded Rhur
What was that aim of the invasion
to take coal iron and steel to the value of the money owed
What did the Weimar government respond with after this invasion
called for a huge passive resistance campaign
How did germany lead to having hyperinflation
they had to pay the workers on strike and buy coal from overseas so the German Government printed more and more money
Why did Stresemann call of the Rhuh protests
so he could stabilise Germanys finances and negotiate deals with the US
What was the 1924 Dawes Plan
Stresemann set up a new currency called the Rentenmqrk and persuaded US banks to lend huge sums of money to Germany to rebuild and pay its debts
What was the 1929 Young Plan
Reparations were negotiated from £6.6 billion to £2 billion and Germany were given until 1988 to pay them
What was the 1925 Locarno Pact
Germany accepted the border with France drawn at Versailles , this improved relations with france
What happened in 1926
Germany joined the League of Nations
What was the 1928 Kellogg Briand Pact
Germany signed an agreement along with 61 other nations saying that war should never again be used to solve disputes
Arguments for Germany recovered between 1924-1928
Wages grew for most workers
Industrial production doubled
New roads, schools,hospitals and houses were built across Germany
Support for the extreme parties like Nazi fell
Arguments against Germany recovering between 1924-1929
The whole recovery was based on US loans and investment
Unemployment actually continued to increase
Farmers and small businesses continued to struggle
Rich citizens had to pay higher taxes
Wages didn’t increase for all people
There was a big increase of women…
working
There was some opposition to women..
having well paid jobs
Which party did Hitler spy on and who led them
DAP (German Workers Party) led by Drexler
When did Hitler become leader of DAP
1920
What did Hitler rename the party as
NSDAP (Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party)
What was the NSDAP’s promise called
the 25 point programme
One of the key ideas was to have one
strong leader
another key idea was to rip up
the Treaty of Versailles
Another key idea was to share the profits of
big businesses
Another key idea was more support for
small business
Another key idea was that Jews should not have
German citizenship
By the end of 1923 how many members joined the NSDAP
55,000
What was Hitlers aim of the Munich Putsch
hijack a meeting of local leaders(Khar and Lossow), take over Munich, march on Berlin and seize poll control of Germany
Did the Munich Putsch work and how
no Khar and Lassow topped off the local authorities and the police and army were ready for them when they marched out of the Beer Hall
What happened to Hitler after the fail of the Munich Putsch
He was arrested and put on trial for treason
What happened to the Nazi Party after the Munich Putsch failed
they were banned
How long did hitler spend in prison
9 months
What was the autobiography hitler wrote in prison called
Mein Kampf
How did hitler gain propaganda from being imprisoned
He was on the front page everyday for 24 days
At the bamberg conference (1926) what did hitler establish
he is the leader of the party
Why did Hitler aim to target rural voters
they were not benefiting from the german economy recovery
On October 1929 what happened and what was it called
The US stock market collapsed it was called the Wall Street Crash
Who did the Wall Street Crash affect the most
Germany
What did the Wall Street Crash cause for Germany
Businesses down like dominoes and millions put out of work
What did the Weimar Government do to fix their financial hole
they put up taxes on the wealthier and cut wages all around
Who was the Chancellor who cut these wages and what was he known as
Bruning (Hunger Chancellor)
Why did the middle class support the Nazis at this time
they feared a communist revolution
Who did the Nazi blame for Germany’s problems
weimar government and the Jews
What did the Nazis persuade millions of Germans of
that Hitler had been right all along and only he could solve Germany’s problems
What did Hitler’s stage craft and promises do
they appealed easy solutions to difficult problems for everyone
Why did big businesses and industrialists fund the Nazis
they were keen on preventing the communists taking power
How did political egos help make Hitler Chancellor
Bruning had been hugely unpopular
What did Hindenburg refuse to do after the July 1932 elections
make hitler chancellor
Why did Von Papen persuade Hindenburg to make Hitler chancellor
because they thought they could control him and make him powerless in power
