Challenges to Elizabeth at home and abroad 1569-1588 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the 4 plots against elizabeth called

A

Plot 1- the Northern Earls
Plot 2- The ridolfi plot
Plot 3- The Throckmorton Plot
Plot 4- The Babington Plot

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2
Q

Who was the Northern Earls plot from

A

Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland

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3
Q

What was the plan of Plot 1 and what was it seen as

A

to march in London to restore Mary QoS to to a Catholic throne. It was seen as a religious revolt

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4
Q

What were some of the men from Plot 1 motives and why

A

financial and personal motives as they lost power and land to Elizabeth in her early years

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5
Q

Who did they want Mary QoS to marry (Plot 1)

A

Duke of Norfolk

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6
Q

How did the plan in Plot 1 fail

A

the spanish didn’t arrive to support the march south

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7
Q

What was the furtherst they got in Plot 1

A

Celebrating Catholic Mass in Durham cathedral

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8
Q

What was the plan of Plot 2

A

for Mary QoS to marry Duke of Norfolk

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9
Q

Who was the foreign support in Plot 2

A

Roberto Ridolfi (Italian banker)

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10
Q

How did Plot 2 fail

A

Walsingham’s spy network intervened and the Duke of Norfolk was beheaded

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11
Q

When was Plot 3

A

1583

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12
Q

What was the aim of Plot 3

A

to free Mary QoS

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13
Q

What did Throckmorton confess under torture in Plot 3

A

there was a planned northern uprising as the trigger for a French/Spanish Invasion

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14
Q

Who was executed in Plot 3

A

Throckmorton

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15
Q

When was Plot 4

A

1586

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16
Q

What was Mary QoS caught of being directly involved for in Plot 4

A

a plot to have Elizabeth killed

17
Q

Where was the proof found in Plot 4

A

a coded letter in a beer barrel

18
Q

Why was William Cecil sacked

A

he signed the death warrant of Mary QoS without Elizabeth’s approval

19
Q

What was the death of Mary QoS a trigger for

A

Spanish Armada invasion

20
Q

Who was crucial of preventing any of these plots achieving their aims

A

Francis Walsingham and his web of spies

21
Q

Who were employed as code breakers

A

Mathematicians and Musicians

22
Q

Where were networks of spies employed

A

in nobles houses, foreign courts etc

23
Q

How did custom officials make it difficult to land in England secretly and what did it do

A

torture, interrogations and executions. It would send fear through potential enemies within the Catholics

24
Q

What did Spain do when they found huge wealth in the New World of America

A

cut off trade from England and also created targets for English Privateers (pirates)

25
What were English explorers forced to do as the British wool trade was struggling
find new markets in Asia and build great wealth through spices from Asia and the Spice islands
26
Who was one of the most high profile pirate
Francis Drake
27
Why were the wealthy keen to invest in these pirates
the massive return they could get on their money
28
Who was one of the major investors in Drake's robbing
Elizabeth herself
29
Why did Drake anger King Phillip
He attacked spanish gold ships
30
Why did Spain never commit to action with any of the plots against Elizabeth
Their main enemies were France and they preferred Elizabeth on the throne rather than Mary QoS
31
How was war between England and Spain triggered by English involvements in the Netherlands
King Phillip was trying to put down a Protestant civil war against Catholic rule and England initially funded protestant armies fighting the Spanish then directly joined the war with the Treaty of Nonsuch of 1585
32
By 1587 what seemed imminent
a Spanish invasion
33
How did Drake delay the Spanish Armada by a year
he sailed right into the Spanish harbour of Cadiz in April 1587 avoiding Spanish defences and inflicted heavy damage on the invasion fleet being constructed
34
What was the plan of the Spanish Armada
to sail 17,000 men to Calais, meet up with the Duke of Parma's 20,000 strong army then land in Kent, march to london, overthrow Elizabeth and restore a Catholic England
35
What happened when the Spanish got to Calais
Parma wasn't there to meet Sidonia so they had to wait
36
What did the English fireships do to the Spanish ships
scattered them into the North Sea
37
What did the Battle of Gravelines do
did huge damage to the Spanish fleet (1000 sailors killed and many ships lost)
38
What did this win for England suggest
God had been on England's side