Challenges to Elizabeth at home and abroad 1569-1588 Flashcards
What was the 4 plots against elizabeth called
Plot 1- the Northern Earls
Plot 2- The ridolfi plot
Plot 3- The Throckmorton Plot
Plot 4- The Babington Plot
Who was the Northern Earls plot from
Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland
What was the plan of Plot 1 and what was it seen as
to march in London to restore Mary QoS to to a Catholic throne. It was seen as a religious revolt
What were some of the men from Plot 1 motives and why
financial and personal motives as they lost power and land to Elizabeth in her early years
Who did they want Mary QoS to marry (Plot 1)
Duke of Norfolk
How did the plan in Plot 1 fail
the spanish didn’t arrive to support the march south
What was the furtherst they got in Plot 1
Celebrating Catholic Mass in Durham cathedral
What was the plan of Plot 2
for Mary QoS to marry Duke of Norfolk
Who was the foreign support in Plot 2
Roberto Ridolfi (Italian banker)
How did Plot 2 fail
Walsingham’s spy network intervened and the Duke of Norfolk was beheaded
When was Plot 3
1583
What was the aim of Plot 3
to free Mary QoS
What did Throckmorton confess under torture in Plot 3
there was a planned northern uprising as the trigger for a French/Spanish Invasion
Who was executed in Plot 3
Throckmorton
When was Plot 4
1586
What was Mary QoS caught of being directly involved for in Plot 4
a plot to have Elizabeth killed
Where was the proof found in Plot 4
a coded letter in a beer barrel
Why was William Cecil sacked
he signed the death warrant of Mary QoS without Elizabeth’s approval
What was the death of Mary QoS a trigger for
Spanish Armada invasion
Who was crucial of preventing any of these plots achieving their aims
Francis Walsingham and his web of spies
Who were employed as code breakers
Mathematicians and Musicians
Where were networks of spies employed
in nobles houses, foreign courts etc
How did custom officials make it difficult to land in England secretly and what did it do
torture, interrogations and executions. It would send fear through potential enemies within the Catholics
What did Spain do when they found huge wealth in the New World of America
cut off trade from England and also created targets for English Privateers (pirates)
What were English explorers forced to do as the British wool trade was struggling
find new markets in Asia and build great wealth through spices from Asia and the Spice islands
Who was one of the most high profile pirate
Francis Drake
Why were the wealthy keen to invest in these pirates
the massive return they could get on their money
Who was one of the major investors in Drake’s robbing
Elizabeth herself
Why did Drake anger King Phillip
He attacked spanish gold ships
Why did Spain never commit to action with any of the plots against Elizabeth
Their main enemies were France and they preferred Elizabeth on the throne rather than Mary QoS
How was war between England and Spain triggered by English involvements in the Netherlands
King Phillip was trying to put down a Protestant civil war against Catholic rule and England initially funded protestant armies fighting the Spanish then directly joined the war with the Treaty of Nonsuch of 1585
By 1587 what seemed imminent
a Spanish invasion
How did Drake delay the Spanish Armada by a year
he sailed right into the Spanish harbour of Cadiz in April 1587 avoiding Spanish defences and inflicted heavy damage on the invasion fleet being constructed
What was the plan of the Spanish Armada
to sail 17,000 men to Calais, meet up with the Duke of Parma’s 20,000 strong army then land in Kent, march to london, overthrow Elizabeth and restore a Catholic England
What happened when the Spanish got to Calais
Parma wasn’t there to meet Sidonia so they had to wait
What did the English fireships do to the Spanish ships
scattered them into the North Sea
What did the Battle of Gravelines do
did huge damage to the Spanish fleet (1000 sailors killed and many ships lost)
What did this win for England suggest
God had been on England’s side
