Cold War Part2 Flashcards
What did the airlift make the US look
peaceful and generous
What did Stalin do by 1948
tried to starve western berlin into surrender to make it part of the soviets control
What did Stalin do to block transport from west germany into west berlin
Berlin blockade
What triggered the Berlin Blockade
when the british and US merged there zones to create “Bizonia” and then West Germany when the French also merged their zone
What did the Western Powers do to avoid surrendering to the Soviets
Berlin Airlift
How many planes and tonnes of supplies were sent every day
nearly 300,000 planes and about 4000tonnes
When did Stalin call of the Blockade
May 1949
What 2 countries were created because of the Berlin Blockade
West Germany (the FRG) and East Germany (the GDR)
When was the formation of NATO created
1949
What is NATO
a western military alliance with the US committed to defending Western Europe from Soviet attack
When was the Warsaw Pact created
1955
What is the Warsaw Pact
a soviet controlled military alliance in Eastern Europe
Why did the Soviet create the Warsaw Pact
in response to West Germany joining NATO
What did the NATO alliance show about the US
Showed that the West were prepared to risk war rather than abandon West Berlin to communist control (keeping promise of Truman Doctrine)
When did the Soviet Union get their own Atomic Bomb
1949
What race were the Warsaw Pact and Nato competing in
an armsrace
When did Stalin die
1953
Who replaced Stalin when he died
Khrushchev
When was Krushchev’s secret speech
1956
What did Khrushchev say in his secret speech
he condemned the repression of Stalin and suggested that he wanted to relax Soviet control of Eastern Europe
What was the policy called when Khrushchev wanted to relax soviet control of Eastern Europe
destalinisation
Why did Nagy (leader of Hungary) want to leave the Warsaw Pact and hold free elections
because soviet control of the economy had led to poor harvests
When was the Hungarian Uprising
1956
What did many people think the US would do about the uprising
to help against the communist rule
What encouraged the Hungarian Uprising
US radio broadcasts on Radio Free Europe
What did Khrushchev do and why
sent 200,000 soviet troops to restore order and overthrow Nagy’s government because he thought the uprising my spread to other soviet satellites states
What does MAD stand for and what does it mean
Mutually Assured Destruction- the knowledge that no side could really win a nuclear war between the two military alliances
How many Hungarians were killed
5000
How many Hungarian refugees did the USA take
80,000
What happened to Nagy
He was arrested tried and executed
Who did Khrushchev appoint as new Hungarian leader with a more moderate form of communism
Kadar
What did the UN (united nations) condemn
the Hungarian invasion
Why did some countries boycott the 1956 Australian Olympics
in protest of Hungarian Invasion
What did this show about the Western Powers
that they would not intervene to defend the freedom of people behind the iron curtain because the rust of WW3 was too close
What was now firmly established
Soviets control of Eastern Europe
How many refugees had crossed through the border to the West in 12 years
nearly 3 million
When did Khrushchev issue his ultimatum that the West should leave West Berlin within six months
1958
Between what years were a series of summit meetings taken place to avoid war
1959-61
What was the Geneva and Camp David 1959 meeting
Agreement to keep talking but no solutions
What was the Paris meeting
Theatrically abandoned by Khrushchev after the U2 spy plane incident
What was the Vienna meeting
Khrushchev miscalculated and tried to bully the new president John.F.Kennedy and reissue his ultimatum. It backfired as Kennedy increased defence spending and got ready for war
How did Khrushchev solve the refugee problem
by building the Berlin Wall (sealing the island of capitalism so it could not be “contaminate” East Germany)
What was the wall before it became a solid two walls
barbed wire
Where was the Berlin wall build
in east berlin
Did the wall successfully stop the refugee problem
yes
Why was the Berlin Wall terrible propaganda for communism for the next 28 years
anyone who tried to escape communism was shot
What did the Western Powers do considering Khrushchevs ultimatum
they stayed in Berlin despite his ultimatum
Who was greeted as a hero in West Berlin and when
John.F.Kennedy in 1963
Why was he greeted as a hero
because he made his famous “ich bin ein Berliner” speech
What was JFK’s speech saying
that he would never allow West Berlin to become communist
When was the berlin wall built
1961
