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History: Democracy and Dictatorship//1890-1945 > Weimar Democracy > Flashcards

Weimar Democracy Flashcards

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1
Q

where was the Republic set up? why?

A

politicians moved to Weimar to set up the republic away from Berlin’s unrest

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2
Q

how often was the president re elected

A

every 7 years

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3
Q

what did the president do

A
  • head of Republic
  • chose key ministers (eg chancellor)
  • could overrule his government and make laws by decree using Article 48
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4
Q

what were the Cabinet

A

the government, beneath the President

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5
Q

who led the Cabinet

A

the chancellor

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6
Q

what did the Cabinet do

A

they made political decisions

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7
Q

who did the parliament consist of

A

the Reichstag and Reichsrat

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8
Q

‘proportional representation’

A

the number of seats reflected the received number of votes

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9
Q

how often were the Reichsrat/Reichstag re elected

A

every 4 years

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10
Q

the role of Reichstag

A
  • more powerful

- controlled tax

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11
Q

the role of Reichsrat

A

represented each region of Germany

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12
Q

the electorate

A

all men/women 20+ were eligible to vote in elections

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13
Q

political stages of the Weimar Republic

A
  1. President
  2. Cabinet (government)
  3. Parliament
  4. Electorate
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14
Q

strengths of the Weimar constitution

A
  • all Germans had equal rights (eg right to vote)
  • no person/group could have too much power
  • provided a strong leader to control the country in an emergency
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15
Q

weaknesses of the Weimar constitution

A
  • Article 48 meant the President could bypass the democracy
  • constitution was weak bc strong German states (eg Prussia) held power through the Reichsrat
  • PR encouraged small parties, no one party ever had enough seats to form a majority gov
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16
Q

when were the years of political change/uprest

A

1919-1923

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17
Q

main revolts/rebellions

A
  • The Spartacist Uprising
  • The Kapp Putsch
  • The Munich Putsch
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18
Q

leaders of the Spartacist Uprising

A

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht

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19
Q

who supported the Spartacist Uprising

A

the Soviet Union

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20
Q

when/where was the Spartacist Uprising

A

January 1919 in Berlin

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21
Q

what kind of group were in the Spartacist Uprising

A

a communist, right wing group

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22
Q

what was the aim of the Spartacist Uprising

A

to overthrow the Weimar Republic

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23
Q

what did the Spartacists argue against

A

Ebert’s plan for a democratic Germany

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24
Q

who was in the Spartacists

A

rebel soldiers and sailors

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25
Q

who was murdered in the Spartacist Uprising

A

the leaders, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht

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26
Q

how was the Spartacist Uprising stopped

A

Ebert used Friekorps, he had recognised he needed to use political extremist groups against each other

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27
Q

friekorp

A

anti-communist ex soldier, could’ve been forced into quitting

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28
Q

leader in the Kapp Putsch

A

Wolfgang Kapp

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29
Q

when/where was the Kapp Putsch

A

March, 1920 in Berlin

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30
Q

what group was in the Kapp Putsch

A

a group of Friekorps, who hated the Treaty of Versailles

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31
Q

what was the aim of the Kapp Putsch

A

the friekorps were helping President Ebert to put down the Spartacist Uprising

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32
Q

how many Friekorps were in the Kapp Putsch

A

5000

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33
Q

why did the Kapp Putsch fail

A
  • army refused to fight the friekorps

- German workers went on strike, forcing the Kapp to flee

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34
Q

leaders of the Munich Putsch

A

Adolf Hitler and Field Marshal Erich Ludenorff

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35
Q

when was the Munich Putsch

A

November 1923

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36
Q

NDSAP

A

National Socialist Worker’s Party

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37
Q

who staged the Munich Putsch

A

NDSAP

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38
Q

what was aim of the Munich Putsch

A

to seize power

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39
Q

why is the Munich Putsch often known as the Beer Hall Putsch

A

at first, Hitler had stormed a local beer hall and forced Bavarian government to support him

40
Q

who was killed in 1922

A

Ebert’s foreign minister Walther Rathenau, by extremists

41
Q

who were arrested at the Munich Putsch

A

Hitler and Raathenau’s murderers

42
Q

how long did Hitler get in prison

A

5 years

43
Q

why did the arrested people in the Kapp Putsch get short sentences

A

they had contacts in high up places in the courts

44
Q

what did Hitler decide in prison

A

the Nazis should seek power by election, not by putsch

45
Q

when was the Nazi part formed? with what?

A
  • formed in 1920

- with a 25 point programme

46
Q

why did many people approve of the Nazi’s 25 point programme

A

it included left and right wing policies

47
Q

Nazi stormtrooper

A

specialist soldiers

48
Q

what did stormtroopers do in 1923

A

began taking over local police and army headquarters, the day after the Munich Putsch

49
Q

what did Hitler use his trial for

A

he used it for publicity, ti gain support

50
Q

when did Hitler write ‘Mein Kampf’

A

he wrote it whilst in prison, volume 1 was published in 1925 and volume 2 in 1926

51
Q

what was the name of Hitler’s book

A

‘Mein Kampf’

52
Q

what was in ‘Mein Kampf’

A

it outlined Hitler’s political objectives

53
Q

when was the Stresemann era

A

1924-1929

54
Q

when did Gustav Stresemann become chancellor

A

1923, he served for 102 days

55
Q

when was Gustav Stresemann foreign minister from

A

1923-1929

56
Q

how did Stresemann stop hyperinflation

A
  • called off passive resistance in Ruhr

- created new mark with value

57
Q

when did Stresemann create the new currency, what was it called?
when was it renamed

A

November 1923- created the ‘Rentenmark’

renamed ‘Reichsmarck’ in August 1924

58
Q

when was the Dawes Plan signed

A

1924

59
Q

what did the Dawes Plan do

A
  • helped Germany pay reparations
  • US banks loaned 800 million marks
  • temporarily reduced reparation installments to 50 million a year
60
Q

did economy recover in the Stresemann era

A

yes

61
Q

what were industrial production levels like in 1928

A

higher than in 1913

62
Q

what did the Weimar Republic set up in 1927

A
  • pensions
  • health schemes
  • unemployment schemes
    these all helped society
63
Q

when was the Young Plan signef

A

1929

64
Q

what did the Young Plan do

A

reduced reparations by 60%

65
Q

when/why did the Young Plan stop

A

stopped in 1929 bc of the Wall Street Crash

66
Q

what had happened to world tradde by 1933

A

it had fell by over 60% and got rid of German chance of success through exporting

67
Q

reasons for insecurity in economy

A
  • economic recovery depended on American loans
  • unemployment was still a big issue
  • trade deficits
68
Q

trade deficits

A

Germany was spending more money on imports than they received on exports

69
Q

what were the 3 main agreements made in the stresemann era

A
  • locarno pact
  • league of nations
  • kellog-briand pact
70
Q

why did Germans begin to become more confident in the Weimar Repoublic

A

domestic/foreign achievments

71
Q

when was the Locarno pact made

A

1925

72
Q

who was the Locarno pact with

A
  • Germany
  • Great Britain
  • France
  • Italy
  • Belgium
73
Q

what did the Locarno pact do

A
  • Germany recognised its borders with France

- demilitarised the Rhineland

74
Q

when was the League of Nations set up

A

1926

75
Q

who set up the League of Nations

A

Woodrow Wilson, the president if USA

76
Q

what was the League of Nations

A

international peace keeping body

77
Q

when was the Kellog-Briand Pact made

A

1928

78
Q

how man countries did Germany sign the Kellog-Briand pact with

A

68 other countries

79
Q

what was the Kellog-Briand pact

A

countries agreed to disarm and not use war to dissolve disagreements

80
Q

what happened in 1927 to improve living standards in Weimar Germany?

A

insurance schemes were set up to help the ill or unemployed

81
Q

how many homes were built in 1925-29? who did this help?

A

100,000 homes were built for workers, although the Republic still suffered with house shortages

82
Q

how did worker;s living standards improve

A

they got higher workers and could work for less hours

83
Q

was there any censorship in Weimar Germany

A

no

84
Q

How did architecture change? name an example

A

there was a new freedom, buildings such as the Bauhaus school in 1919 attracted new designs and artists

85
Q

what was there a rise of in art

A

expressionism

86
Q

how did artists show problems

A

many drew everyday life, showing problems in society

87
Q

example of a film made under Weimar Germany

A

Metropolis in 1927 by Fritz Lang

88
Q

what was made easier for women in Weimar Germany

A

divorce, became more common

89
Q

how many women were in the Reichstag in Weimar Germany

A

112

90
Q

how many women 21+ voted

A

90%+

91
Q

which article of the Weimar Constitution aserted gender equality at work/home

A

Article 109

92
Q

what were women gaining opportunities in

A

professions

93
Q

what were women encouraged to do

A

go to university

94
Q

what did the number of working women in 1925 drop to from 1918? why

A

dropped to 75% in 1918 to 26% in 1925 bc many women stopped working after the waR

95
Q

why did not everyone agree withe the ‘new woman’

A

they feared traditional German values were being forgotten

History: Democracy and Dictatorship//1890-1945 (11 decks)

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