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History: Democracy and Dictatorship//1890-1945 > Economic Changes > Flashcards

Economic Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

what were the Nazis mainly trying to improve/change

A
  • reducing unemployment

- improving life for German citizens

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2
Q

who were new jobs Nazis created for

A

mostly men

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3
Q

what were unemployed men employed to do

A

work on public construction projects

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4
Q

examples of public construction projects for unemployed men

A
  • public buildings
  • creating farmlands
  • 1936 Olympic stadium
  • 7,000lm autobahns
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5
Q

what was an autobahn

A

motorways

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6
Q

what was RAD

A

National Labour Service

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7
Q

what did RAD do

A

made it compulsory for men18-25 to work on public schemes for 6 months

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8
Q

why did many people dislike RAD

A

they felt exploited because they got low wages for long hours

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9
Q

what was DAF

A

German Labour Front

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10
Q

who had to join DAF

A

all workers

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11
Q

what did DAF do

A
  • kept workers loyal to Nazis

- disguised lack of improvement to the standard of living

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12
Q

what was the Strength Through Joy Scheme

A

workers got rewards for hard work, such as a holiday or theatre visit

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13
Q

what was the Beauty of Labour scheme

A

a plan to improve working conditions

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14
Q

how did employment change under Hitler’s policies

A

fell from 5 million in 1933 to 0.3 million in 1939

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15
Q

who did Hitler not include in unemployment stats

A
  • women forced out of jobs
  • Jewws
  • men conscripted into National Labour Service
    ‘invisible unemployment’
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16
Q

when was the Four Year Plan created?

A

1936 by Hermann Goering

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17
Q

what was the Four Year Plan for

A

to prepare Germany for war

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18
Q

two main aims of the Four Year Plan

A

1) Rearmament

2) self-sufficiency

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19
Q

rearmament

A

building up the supply of military weapons

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20
Q

self-sufficiency

A

not needing external support, such as imports

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21
Q

why did Hitler plan to begin rearmament

A

he wanted to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and make Germany strong again

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22
Q

what was the plan for rearmament

A

to build up armed forces to be fully equipped with weapons and vechiles

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23
Q

who did rearmament benefit

A

big manufacturing businesses

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24
Q

what was rearmament responsible for

A

most economic 1933-1939

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25
Q

what was self sufficiency also known as

A

autarky

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26
Q

why was autarky less successful

A

Goering didn’t want Germany to accept imports so Nazis tried to control the number of imported goods but this increased as people became wealthier

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27
Q

what were subsides

A

money from the state

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28
Q

how were farmers included on the ‘path to self sufficiency’

A

to increase food production they were given subsides and labour from RAD

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29
Q

how much food were Germany importing by the end of WW? what did this show

A
  • 20%

- showed the path to self sufficiency wasn’t going well

30
Q

what did scientists create to increase raw materials

A

ersatz substitutes

31
Q

where ersatz subs successul?

A

no, by ww2 germany imported 1/3 raw materials

32
Q

how many germans worked in war industry by ww2

A

1/4, this increased to 3/4 by 1941

33
Q

when did food/clothe rationing begin?

A

1939, before war even began

34
Q

who benefited from Nazi economic policy

A
  • german businesses

- farmers

35
Q

how did large businesses benefit from Nazi economic policy

A

got investments and opportunities during rearmament

36
Q

why could businesses exploit workers

A

Nazis had banned Trade Unions

37
Q

what did the average weekly wage increase by

A

by 25% from 1932-1939

38
Q

what did work creation schemes improve

A
  • transport
  • services
  • homes
39
Q

why did some farmers get higher income

A

increased food prices and subsides

40
Q

why did workers not feel the increase in wages

A

food cost increased

41
Q

what happened to working hours from 1936

A

they increased

42
Q

what would happen to a worker if they complained of working conditions

A

they’d be blacklisted and struggle to find employment

43
Q

what did the Four Year plan lead to

A

food shortages

44
Q

what did world war two have a huge impact on

A

German economy from 1939-42

45
Q

when was rationing set up

A

1939, before war has even started

46
Q

when did shortages become more noticeable? why was this

A

after 1941 when the army was struggling in the Soviet Union

47
Q

what did German armies do as they conquered new countries

A

sent loot back to Germany

48
Q

what did collecting loot lead to

A

using the black market for luxury goods

49
Q

what was the black market

A

a way of illegal trade

50
Q

how many clothes did German people send to soldiers

A
  • 1.5 million fur coats

- 67 million woolen garments

51
Q

when was Albert Speer made armaments minister

A

1942

52
Q

what was happening by 1941

A
  • the Four Year Plan failure was clear

- army was suffering w lack of weapons/equipment

53
Q

when was ‘Total War’ happening by

A

by 1943

54
Q

what was total war

A
  • all businesses were dedicated to war effort, or they were shut down
  • workers were transferred to war work
55
Q

what were shut down as a result of total war

A
  • leisure establishments
  • services such as the post
  • but cinemas remained open to show propaganda films for morale
56
Q

when was Operation Barbarossa

A

March 1942-May 1945

57
Q

what was Operation Barbarossa

A

Great Britain and US bombed major German cities

58
Q

example of city affected by Operation Barbarossa

A

Dresden, 70% of it was destroyed

59
Q

what was the aim of Operation Barbarossa

A

to cause maximum civilian casualties

60
Q

how many civilians were affected bc of Operation Barbarossa

A
  • 500,000 killed

- 750,000 wounded

61
Q

how man homes were affected bc of Operation Barbarossa

A
  • 1 million homes destroyed

- 7 million people left homeless

62
Q

what did the bomb raids of Operation Barbarossa target

A

targeted supply lines and factories

- this affected war efforts bc it stopped rearmaments reaching the front line

63
Q

what was rationing like after Operation Barbarossa

A
  • from 1942-45 it had to increase
  • the increase in shortages reduced rationing
  • clothing rations completely stopped
  • by 1995 it was completely null
  • black market was used to survive
64
Q

when did the labour shortage become noticeable

A

1943

65
Q

who were sent to work in Germany

A

workers in European occupied countries

66
Q

who were forced to work in concentration camps

A

prisoners of war

67
Q

age groups of people who had to work by January 1943

A
  • men: 16-65

- women: 17-45

68
Q

how man women were called to work after Operation Barbarossa

A

3 million, only 1 million came

69
Q

how did Hitler Youth help with war

A

they helped with farms and by 1945 they helped on the homefront

70
Q

why did number of refugees increase

A
  • Operation Barbarossa

- many people moved from Dresden or Berlin to other parts of Germany

71
Q

where did many refugees come from in fear of the Red Army?

A
  • Poland

- July 1944

72
Q

what happened when the Russians invaded Germany

A
  • January 1945

- millions fled to western cities

History: Democracy and Dictatorship//1890-1945 (11 decks)

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