Social Policy And Practises Flashcards
what was the ‘gleischaltung’ policy
bringing into line and creating control and conformity
ideal woman, in views of Nazis
- Aryan
- blonde hair
- blue eyes
- athletic
- tall
what did Nazis believe of women
they had a clear role in society:
- care for home
- bear children for Third Reich
what were attitudes to women shaped by
the ‘three ks’
wha were the 3 ks
- kinder (children)
- kuche (kitchen)
- kircher (church)
when was the law for the Encouragment of Marriage passed
1933
what was the law for the Encouragment of Marriage
Nazis wanted all women to marry so gave all couples 1000 marks when they married
what was the ‘pro-natalist’ policy
Nazis wanted all women to have children to increase the Aryan race
what did a family get for each child they had
- they could keep 250 marks of the 1000 given for marriage
what was the motherhood cross
women were given medals for have so many children
what medal did a woman get for having 4 children
bronze medal
what medal did a woman get for having 6 children
silver medal
what medal did a woman get for having 8 children
gold medal
what were women discouraged from
- working
- 1933: banned from professional jobs
- propaganda stressed that women should not steal jobs from men
was the discouragement of women from jobs successful? why
- no
- women were cheap labourers
- female employment rose by 2.4million 1933-39
what did Nazis want women educated on
how to look after the family/home
what did school teach girls
domestic skills
what happened to girls in grammar schools from 1937
banned from preparing for uni
why were women so discouraged from working
Nazis thought it took time away from caring fro their homes and families
4 youth organisations the Nazis brought
- Young German Folk
- Young Girls
- Hitler Youth
- League of German Maidens
who was Young German Folk for
boys 10-14
who was Young Girls for
girls 10-14
who was Hitler Youth for
boys 14-18
who was League of German Maidens for
girls 14-18
number of boys in Hitler Youth
90% of children by 1939
when was membership of a youth organisation made compulsory
1936: for all children 10+
what was the aim for boys in the youth organistaions
- Hitler anted to prepare future soldiers/political leaders
what did boys in youth organisations wear
military uniforms
what were activities like in boy’s youth organisations
focused on physical education and political indoctrination
examples of activities in boy’s youth organisations
- sport
- shooting
- singing
- camping
- learning military drills
did girls in youth organisations wear uniforms
yes
what were activities like in girl’s youth organisation
focused on physical education and learning domestic skills
examples of activities in girl’s youth organisations
- sports
- singing
- sewing
- cleaning
how did Nazis control children
through education
what were all teachers forced to join
Nazis Teachers Association
what did Nazis approve in school
by 1935 they approved all textbooks
what was the priority subject in school/why
Physical Education to keep children fit/healthy
what did teachers teach in history
the rise of the Nazis
what was taught in Race Studies
- ‘eugenics’
- this was belief the Aryan race was superior
- Ayan race should grow
- other races should stop reproducing
what was the aim of race studies
to produce the ‘perfect’ human race
successes of youth policy
- children were enthusiastic supporters of Nazi regime
- activities in Hitler Youth were fun/enjoyable
- emphasis on PE meant children were fit/healthy
- Nazis had indoctrinated ideas like anti-semitism
main groups of opposition from youths
- Edelweiss Pirates
- The ‘Swing’ Youth
- The White Rose
age range of Edelweiss Pirates
usually 14-17
howdid the Edelweiss Pirates rebel against Nazis
- sang songs, changed lyrics to mock Germany
- drank alcohol
- listened to jazz
- attacked members of Hitler Youth
what happened to the Cologne branch of Edelweiss Pirates in war
1944: 12 Pirates publicly hanged after killing the chief of the Gestapo
1942: 7,000 arrested
how many Edelweiss Pirates by 1939
2000
what background did the members of the Swing Youth come from
mainly middle class
how did the Swing Youth rebel against Nazis
- associated with Jews
- listened to English/American music at parties
- did American dances to jazz
- Talked openly of sex
- openly slovenly
what happened to the Swing Youth in war
gained more members
what backgrounds did the Swing Youth come from
mainly wealthy, they’d have record players
why was the Chuch a threat to the Nazis
they had conflicting beliefs
why did Hitler want to control Christian churches
wanted to overthrow with his own Nazi, pagan religion
how many Germans were Protestants
4.5million
when was the Reich Church funded
1933 by the Nazis
who was the leader of the Reich Church
Ludwig Muller
how many churches were a part of the Reich Church
2000 Protestant churches
what changes did the Reich Church bring about
- stopped preaching from the Old Testament bc it was associated w Jews
- all non-Aryan ministers dismissed
- unity w Nazis shown through ‘the Swastika on our chests and the cross in our hearts’
when was the Confessional Church funded
1934
intention of the confessional chrch
opposed the Reich Church
who led the Confessional Church
Martin Niemoller
who was Catholic loyalty split between
the Pope and HItler
when was the Concordat signed
in 1933 by Hitler and the Pope
what did the Concordat promise
Catholics could worship and keep their Catholic schools in return for not intervening with Nazi politics
how did Hitler betray the Concordat
- banned Catholic youth groups
- closed Catholic schools
- sent ministers opposing the Nazis to concentration camps
what did the Pope release to voice his criticism of Hitler/his policies
‘With Burning Anxiety’ in 1937
