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History: Democracy and Dictatorship//1890-1945 > Impact of WW1 > Flashcards

Impact of WW1 Flashcards

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1
Q

why was it difficult for Germany to recover after the war

A

it had crippled German economy

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2
Q

how many troops died at war? how many were wounded?

A
  • 2 million died

- 4 million wounded

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3
Q

how many women were left as widows

A

600,000

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4
Q

how many children were left without fathers

A

2 million

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5
Q

how many civilians died? why

A

763,000 died from starvation and a further 150,000 died from the flu pandemic

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6
Q

pandemic

A

country-wide disease

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7
Q

what was industrial production like by 1918

A

it was 33% lower than what it had been in 1913

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8
Q

what had Germany’s debt increased to/from what

A

increased from 50 billion marks in 1914 to 150 billion in 1981

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9
Q

what did Germany do to pay off debt/fund war effort

A

Germany printed more money to pay off debts/fund the war effort

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10
Q

what was the impact of printing more money

A
  • value of the German mark fell

- inflation

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11
Q

inflation

A

increases in prices

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12
Q

what was the average wage of a worker like in 1918

A

60% of what they would’ve earned in 1913

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13
Q

who made lots of money from war

A

big armament (military weapons) business owners

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14
Q

why did workers resent business owners?

A

they made a lot of money bc of war

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15
Q

main reason for Kaiser’s abdication

A

Germany’s defeat

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16
Q

who told Kaiser Wilhelm II that Germany wouldn’t win the war

A
  • Field Marshal Hindenburg

- General Ludenorff

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17
Q

what did Hidenburg ad Ludenorff suggest for a favourable peace settlement w the Allied Powers

A

a democratic government

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18
Q

when was the Democratic Government created

A

3rd October 1918

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19
Q

who did the Kaiser appoint to be chancellor of the Democratic government

A

a liberal, Prince Max of Baden

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20
Q

when did the Kaiser lose the military’s support

A

around 28th October 1918

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21
Q

when was the Kiel Mutiny

A

3rd November 1918

22
Q

what was the Kiel Mutiny

A

the sailors refused to follow the Kaiser’s orders, there were riots among sailors and workers

23
Q

who was Kurt Eisner? what did he do?

A
  • communist
  • led mass strikes in Munich
  • supported uprisings against the Kaiser
24
Q

when did the Kaiser officially abdicate

A

9th November 1918 when he had lost the support of advisors

25
Q

where did the Kaiser flee to when he was forced to abdicate

A

Holland, the Netherlands

26
Q

when was the German Republic made, who declared it?

A
  • 10th November 1918

- Philipp Scheidmann, a member of SPD declared it

27
Q

who was the leader of the German Republic

A

Freidrich Ebert, originally leader of SPD

28
Q

when was the armistice signed/Ebert accepted defeat

A

11th November 1918

29
Q

armistice

A

agreement to stop fighting

30
Q

when was the Treaty of Versailles signed

A

signed in 1919

31
Q

what was the Treaty of Versailles

A

terms of peace

32
Q

name of Article 231

A

‘War Guilt Clause’

33
Q

what was in Article 231

A

Germany accepted blame for the war

34
Q

how much did Germany have to pay in reparations

A

the Treaty of Versailles said they had to pay £6.6billion to the Allies in annual installments

35
Q

what did Germany lose bc of Treaty of Versailles

A
  • 10% of land

- 12.5% of population

36
Q

what became the military limits

A
  • 100,000 soldiers
  • 15,000 sailors
  • 6 ships
  • 0 ships or sumbarines
37
Q

what happened to the Rhineland bc Treaty of Versailles

A

it was demilitarised

38
Q

who couldn’t Germany join with bc of Treaty of Versailles

A

join w Austria

39
Q

which territory was removed

A

Alsace-Lorraine was removed back to France

40
Q

when did the Weimar Republic stop paying reparations

A

1922

41
Q

what did Frane and Belgium do in 1923? why?

A

they seized the Ruhr bc of the stopping of paying of reparations

42
Q

importance of the Ruhr

A

main industrial region in Germany

43
Q

what did France/Belgium do in the Ruhr

A

took control of all factories/mines/railways in area. this was legal bc of the Treaty of Versailles

44
Q

what did Ebert do in response to the seizure of the Ruhr

A

told workers to go on strike as a ‘passive resistance’. however these workers were easily replaced by French/Belgian workers

45
Q

how many Germans were killed and left homeless by the French/Belgians in the Ruhr

A
  • 132 people killed

- 150,000 left homeless

46
Q

what did Germany begin doing to try and help pay reparations

A

printing money, which led to hyperinflation. but Germany didn’t have enough gold for this

47
Q

problems of printing more money

A
  • value of German mark fell
  • hyperinflation
  • pensioners lost money (eg could barely afford coffee)
  • small business owners went bankrupt
  • mainly middle class, people w savings lost all money
  • people w fixed incomes couldn’t renegotiate earnings
48
Q

how did the price of bread change from 1918-1923

A

in 1918 it was 0.6 German marks, in 1923 it was 201 billion German marks

49
Q

how did many people carry their money? why?

A

many carried it in wheelbarrows bc prices often changed hourly and they wanted to buy goods quickly

50
Q

people who benefited from the printing of more money

A
  • farmers got more money for food

- those who were in debt could quickly pay it off

History: Democracy and Dictatorship//1890-1945 (11 decks)

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