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History: Democracy and Dictatorship//1890-1945 > Germany Under Kaiser Wilhelm > Flashcards

Germany Under Kaiser Wilhelm Flashcards

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1
Q

when was Germany made a country?

A

1871, after winning a war with Framce (1870-71)

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2
Q

when was Kaiser Wilhelm II made Kaiser

A

1888

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3
Q

what was the Kaiser’s power like in connection to the Reichstag (parliament)

A

he could overrule them

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4
Q

most powerful country

A

Prussia

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5
Q

what was Kaiser Wilhelm II’s plan?

A

to expand the German Empire abroad, to find his ‘place in the sun’

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6
Q

what was the Kaiser’s power in connection to the Chancellor

A

could appoint/dismiss them

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7
Q

what was the Kaiser the head of?

A

the German military

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8
Q

what did members of the army do?

A
  • advised Kaiser on political decisions

- all officers swore oath of loyalty to Kaiser

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9
Q

politically, what were army officers?

A

right wing, from an elite background

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10
Q

how often did the Reichstag fund the army

A

every 5 years

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11
Q

what was the chancellor

A

the Kaiser’s chief minister

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12
Q

what did the Chancellor have the power to do?

A
  • appoint ministers to help him make policies

- ignore the Reichstag

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13
Q

who did the Chancellor lead

A

the Bundesrat (federal council)

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14
Q

what was the Bundesrat

A

German federal council

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15
Q

who was the Bundesrat formed from

A

58 representatives of each German state

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16
Q

what did the Bundesrat do

A

proposed laws to the Reichstag and, in return, approved any law the parliament made

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17
Q

who was the Reichstag made up from

A

397 deputies elected by German voters

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18
Q

German voters

A

men over 25 y old

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19
Q

what did the Reichstag have the power to do

A

pass/alter/reject laws proposed by the Bundesrat/Chancellor

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20
Q

when did the Reichstag begin to grow

A

by the 1890s

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21
Q

what could the Reichstag do

A

shape public opinions, despire mot having huge power

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22
Q

how many deputies made up the Reichstag

A

397

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23
Q

how many states did Germany have

A

25

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24
Q

which was the most powerful state

A

Prussia

  • 2/3 of population
  • 1/2 of territory
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25
Q

what movement was growing

A

socialist (left wing)

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26
Q

what did governments introduce to try and meet worker’s demands

A
  • pensions

- sickness insurance schemes

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27
Q

how many seats in the Reichstag did the Social Democratic Party have in 1912

A

30%

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28
Q

what did Navy Laws allow

A

the building of more battleships

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29
Q

militarism

A

having a strong army to protect the country

30
Q

which army was the basis of the German army

A

Prussian army

31
Q

Weltpolitik

A

world policy, used to grow the German Empire

32
Q

what happened to the navy after 1898

A

it expanded as part of Weltpolitik

33
Q

what did the Kaiser hope would happen as a result of navy expansion

A
  • lead to industrial growth
  • protect/expand German Empire
  • increase German patriotism
  • symbol of German strength
34
Q

patriotism

A

love of one’s country

35
Q

when did the Kaiser pass the first naval law, what did this allow?

A
  • 1898

- increased navy by 7 battleships

36
Q

when was the second naval law, what did this do?

A
  • 1900

- doubled size of navy to 38 battleships

37
Q

when was the third naval law, what did this do?

A
  • 1906

- expanded by another 6 battleships in response to Britain launching the dreadnought

38
Q

who was Alfred von Tirpitz

A

new Navy Secretary

39
Q

international agreements Germany signed

A
  • 1904: Great Britain and France signed Entente Cordiale

- 1907: Great Britain, France and Russia signed Triple Entente

40
Q

success of Navy Laws

A
  • encouraged patriotic/nationalist sentiment (feeling)
  • more work for businesses and industries
  • German people saw Germany more powerful over Britain
  • people agreed to support Kaiser’s other policies
41
Q

nationalist

A

wanting political independence

42
Q

problems of navy laws

A
  • gov raised taxes, affecting workers
  • had to borrow money, raising State’s debt to 490 billion by 1913
  • Social Democratic Party opposed them bc of expense
  • Kaiser argued w army leaders bc they wanted money
43
Q

when did industrialisation begin to accelerate a lot

A

1890-1913

44
Q

what did Germany focus on in industrialisation

A

manufacturing, rather than agricultural production

45
Q

what industries grew

A
  • coal
  • iron
  • steel
46
Q

what happened to coal, iron and steel production levels by ww1

A
  • coal production levels matched Britain

- produced more iron/steel (2x as much steel) than Britain

47
Q

what did the growth of industrialisation lead to

A 
creation of
- railways
- trains
- ships
so Germany had better communication lines and trade routes
48
Q

what happened to Berlin’s population between 1875 and 1910

A

it doubled, bc of industrialisation

49
Q

demographic

A

structure of populations

50
Q

urbanisation

A

increase in people living in urban areas

51
Q

what did urbanisation mean for towns/cities

A

60% of Germans were living in towns/cities by 1910

52
Q

what did urbanisation mean for living conditions

A

they were bad, many people died from disease

53
Q

why did immigration increase

A

the success of industrialisation attracted them

54
Q

where did many immigrants come from

A

Eastern Europe

55
Q

who did Germans begin hating

A

‘foreigners’, especially the Jews

56
Q

socialism

A

belief that everyone in society should share profits made from industry

57
Q

who mainly supported socialism

A

workers

58
Q

who didn’t support socialism

A

upper/middle classes

59
Q

SPD

A

Social Democratic Party

60
Q

what did the SPD represent in politics

A

socialism

61
Q

what happened to SPD from 1890 onwards

A

won most votes in Reichstag

62
Q

who had the most seats in the Reichstag in 1912

A

Social Democratic Party

63
Q

what did the SPD vote against

A

the Kaiser’s policies/legislations

64
Q

enacted

A

making laws

65
Q

why did the government enact social reforms

A
  • get more support

- stop support for the SPD

66
Q

social law passed in 1891

A

made it illegal for

  • U13s to work
  • women to work 11+ hours
  • anyone work on Sundays
67
Q

reform laws passed in 1900

A

increased the time workers could claim off work if they’d been in an accident

68
Q

what was introduced in 1901

A

industrial cpurts. they settled dispuutes between employees/employers.
they were compulsory in towns w/ populations of 20,000+

69
Q

health insurance in 1903

A

it expanded

70
Q

what were social reforms intended for

A

to keep German workers loyal to the state, the gov didn’t actually want to improve workers living conditions

History: Democracy and Dictatorship//1890-1945 (11 decks)

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