Week9-11

Question 1

Between which meningal layers is CSF found?

Answer 1

B/w arachnoid matter and pia matter (subarachnoid space)

Question 2

Between which meningeal layers is an epidural injection given?

Answer 2

B/w vertebral column and dura matter (epidural space)

Question 3

Where does spinal cord terminate and cauda equina begin?

Answer 3

L1-L2

Question 4

Where doe spinal cords originate from?

Answer 4

Spinal cord, mixed nerves

Question 5

Where do cranial nerves originate from?

Answer 5

Cranium , some mixed, some sensory and some motor

Question 6

What special sense nerve is CN I and what does it innervate?

Answer 6

Olfactory nerve, Sensory, smelling

Question 7

What special sense nerve is CN II and what does it innervate?

Answer 7

Optic, sensory and sight

Question 8

What ordinary nerve is CN III and what does it innervarte?

Answer 8

Occulomotor, (motor) moves all the eye muscles except for superior oblique and lateral rectus

Question 9

What ordinary nerve is CN IV and what does it innervate?

Answer 9

Trochlear. Motor, innervates superior oblique. (like a pulley)

Question 10

What ordinary nerve is CN V and what does it innervate?

Answer 10

Trigeminal.

Sensory: Face, anterior tongue (senses heat) , temperature

Motor: Chewing

Question 11

V1 branch innervation of trigeminal:

Answer 11

Opthalmic nerve.
- Sensory info of face and scalp above orbits, pupil dilation (sympathetic nerve fibres), superior portion of nasal cavity (sneezing)

Question 12

V2 branch of trigeminal:

Answer 12

Maxillary nerve. Sensory. Inferior portion of nasal cavity (sneezing aswell) , maxilla (upper) teeth etc.

Question 13

V3 branch of trigeminal innervation:

Answer 13

Mandibular branch. BOTH SENSORY AND MOTOR.

MOTOR: All muscles of mastication

SENSORY:
Pain and temperature from lower teeth (mandibular)

Question 14

What ordinary nerve is CN VI and what does it innervate?

Answer 14

Abducens nerve. Motor. Innervates lateral rectus(abducting eye when you move your head and eyes rotate within socket

Question 15

What special nerve is CN VII and what does it innervate?

Answer 15

Facial nerve.
Sensory: Taste for anterior 2/3 of tongue

Motor: Facial expressions

Question 16

What Special nerve is CN VIII and what does it innervate?

Answer 16

Vestibulocochlear- Sensory: Hearing and balance . If you cant hear its because the cochlear part is severed

Question 17

What special nerve is CN IX and what does it innervate?

Answer 17

Glossopharyngeal nerve. Sensory and motor:

Sensory: Posterior 1/3 of tongue, middle ear cavity, oropharynx

Motor: Stylopharyngeus muscle of pharynx (swallowing)

Question 18

What ordinary nerve is CN X and what does it innervate?

Answer 18

Vagus nerve (same one in GIT)

Sensory & Motor.

Sensory: Pharyngeal and laryngeal sensation

Motor:
Gag muscles of larynx (breathing) - vagus nerve senses food going down the wrong way

Question 19

What ordinary nerve is CN XI and what does it innervate?

Answer 19

Spinal accessory nerve. Motor innervation of sternocleidomastoid muscle (extends neck and trapezius) and trapezius muscle

Question 20

What ordinary nerve is CN XII and what does it innervate?

Answer 20

Hypoglossal

Motor innervation for the majority of tongue muscles

Question 21

What is endoneurium?

Answer 21

Delicate layer of loose connective tissue that is the innermost covering

Question 22

What is perineurium?

Answer 22

Middle layer covering. Cellular and fibrous connective tissue layer that wraps groups of axons into fasicles

Question 23

What is Epineurium?

Answer 23

The outermost (most superficial) dense connective tissue layer that covers the entire nerve

Question 24

What does the median nerve innervate?

Answer 24

originates from C6-T1 and innervates First second third fingers, half of fourth finger, palmar side of hand, lower thumb

Question 25

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

Answer 25

Lumbar plexus but only accepts from L2-L4. Innervates hip flexion and knee extension (motor) and anterior medial thigh and anterior medial leg

Question 26

What does the sciatic nerve innervate?

Answer 26

L4-S3. Flexion of knee and extension of hip, dorsi and plantar flexion in leg for motor .

For sensory: Posterior lateral thigh, leg and foot.

Question 27

What is the forebrain composed of?

Answer 27

Prosencephalon—-> Telencephalon (cerebrum) and diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland)

Question 28

What is the midbrain composed of ?

Answer 28

Misencephalon (tectum and tegmentum)

Question 29

What is the hindbrain composed of?

Answer 29

Melencephalon (cerebrum and pons) and myencephalon (medulla oblongata)

Question 30

What is the brainstem composed of?

Answer 30

Mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 31

What is the action of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Answer 31

Raising eyebrows

Question 32

Action of orbicularis oculi?

Answer 32

Opening eyes

Question 33

Action of Orbicularis oris?

Answer 33

Closes mouth in pout

Question 34

Platysma action?

Answer 34

Depresses mandible. Tenses skin of inferior face.

Question 35

Risorius

Answer 35

Smiling- comes out of lateral end of mouth

Question 36

Bones of the neurocranium: (8)

Answer 36

Occipital, sphenoid, Frontal, Ethmoid, Parietal (x2), Temporal (x2)

Question 37

Bones of viscerocranium: (14)

Answer 37

Vomer, Maxillary bone (x2), Palantine bones (x2) , Zygomatic (x2), Mandible, Nasal (x2), Lacrimal (x2), Inferior nasal concha (x2)