WEEK 1-3 TERMS Flashcards
Supine
Lying on the back face upward (recumbent)
Prone
Lying on abdomen face down
Anatomical Position
Body position as if person was standing upright
- Head, eyes, toes directed forward (anteriorly)
- Palms facing anteriorly
- Lower limbs close together with feet parallel
Median Plane (median sagittal plane)
Vertical anteroposterior plane passing throguh midlines of head neck and trunk. (AKA line of symmetry separating left and right)
Sagittal Plane
VERTICAL planes passing through the body PARALLEL to the median plane
Frontal (Coronal) Planes
VERTICAL planes passing through body at RIGHT ANGLES to median plane
Transverse Planes
HORIZONTAL planes passing through body at RIGHT angles to the MEDIAN and FRONTAL PLANES
Why are anatomical planes used?
To describe sections
Longitudinal Sections
Run lengthwise or parallel to long axis of body or ANY of its parts. Includes median, sagital and frontal planes.
What range of longitudinal sections is there
180 degrees
Transverse Sections (axial plane)
Parts of the body that are cut at right angles to longitudinal axis of the body or any of its parts. (AKA cross sections)
Oblique sections
Slices of body or parts NOT cut along sagittal, frontal (coronal), or transverse planes.
Example of oblique sections
In radiographic images
Superficial
Nearer to surface,
e.g.muscles of arm are superficial to humerus
Intermediate
Between superficial and deep structure
e.g. biceps muscle is intermediate between the skin and humerus
Deep
Farther from surface
e.g. humerus is deep to arm muscles
Medial
Farther from median plane
e..g 5th digit is on medial side of hand
Lateral
Farther from median plane
e.g. 1st digit is on lateral side of hand
Posterior
Nearer to back
e.g. heal is posterior to toes
Inferior (Caudal)
Nearer to feet
e.g. Stomach is inferior to heart
Anterior (Ventral)
Nearer to front
e.g. Toes
are anterior to ankle
Proximal
Nearer to trunk or point of origin such as a limb
e.g. Elbow is proximal to wrist and proximal part of artery is its beginning
Distal
Farther from trunk or point of origin
e.g. Wrist is distal to the elbow, and the fistal part od the upper lmb is the hand
Inferior foot surface
Sole
Superior foot surface
Dorsum
Posterior hand
Dorsum
Anterior hand
Palm
Rostral
Used instead of anterior when describing parts of the brain . (towards the front of brain
e.g. frontal lobe of brain is rostral to cerebellum
Inferomedial
Nearer to the feet an dmedial plane e.g. anterior parts of ribs run interomedially
Superolateral
Nearer to head and farther from median plane
Bilateral
Paired structures having left and right members
e.g. kidneys
Unilateral
Occurs on one side only such as the spleen
Ipsilateral
Something occuring on the same side of the body as another strucutre. g/ The right thumb and right big toe
Contralateral
Occuring on the opposite side of the body relative to another structure
e.g. right hand is contralateral to left hand
In what plane and axis do flexion and extension movements occur (generally)?
In sagittal planes around a transverse axis
Felxion
Bending or decreasing angle between bones or parts of the body
Extension
Straightening or increasing angle between bones or parts of body
- ususally occurs in posterior direction
Dorsiflexion
Flexion at ankle point (lifting foot and toes off ground)
Plantarflexion
Bends foot and toes toward the ground
e.g. standing on tippi toes
Hyperextension
Extension of limb beyond normal limit
e.g. whiplash
Which plane and axis do ABduction and adduction movements occur?
Frontal plane around anteroposterior axis
ABduction
Moving away from the median plane
e.g. moving an upper limb laterally away
from
side of body
ABduction of digits
Spreading them apart
Adduction
Moving towards the median plane
Caudal
At the rear or tail end
Cranial
At the head end
What does the Axial region include?
The head, neck and trunk which comprise the main vertical axis of the body