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BMS2011 ANATOMY > WEEK 9 HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY > Flashcards

WEEK 9 HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the neurocranium?

A 
Parietal (x2) 
Temporal (x2) 
Frontal 
Occipital 
Ehtmoid 
Spehoid
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2
Q

What are the bones of the viscerocranium?

A 
Nasal (x2) 
Lacrimal (x2) 
Inferior nasal concha (x2)
Maxilla (x2) 
Palantine (x2) 
Zygomatic (x2)
Mandible
Vomer
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3
Q

What is the splancocranium and what constitutes this?

A

Derived from pharyngeal arches; cartilage and endochronal bone like in ear ossicles(incus, malleus, stapes), styloid process, hyoid

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4
Q

What lies within the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal lobe of cerebrum

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5
Q

What lies within the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobe of cerebrum

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6
Q

What lies within the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Cerebellum

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7
Q

Which bones make up the roof of the orbit?

A

Frontal and Sphenoid bone (lesser wing)

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8
Q

Which bones make up the floor of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic, palantine, maxilla bones

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9
Q

Which bones make up the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Lacrimal, maxilla, ethmoid bone

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10
Q

Which bones make up the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Frontal bone, sphenoid bone (greater wing), zygomatic bone

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11
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus exit?

A

Into middle meautus

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12
Q

Where does the frontal sinus exit?

A

Into the middle meatus (meatus is the space b/w the conchae)

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13
Q

Where does the sphenoidal sinus exit?

A

Above superior concha

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14
Q

Where does the ethmoid sinus exit?

A

Into the superior and middle meatus

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15
Q

What is the pathway of air through body?

A
  1. Air enters nasopharynx
  2. Then oropharynx
  3. Then laryngopharynx
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16
Q

What is the calvaria?

A

The ‘skullcap’ of the cranium consisting of Frontal, Parietal and Occipital bones

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17
Q

Which bones form the cranial base?

A

Sphenoidal and temporal

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18
Q

What are the superior and inferior tmeporal lines for?

A

Muscle attachment for anterior and posterior temporalis muscles

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19
Q

What is an important feature of the sphenoid bone?

A

Sella turcica- has a large anastomosis (if there is blockage in arteries supplying brain, collateral circualation occurs via arteries to supply brain.

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20
Q

What are the 3 foramina in the sphenoid bone?

A

Rotundum
Ovalle
Spinosum

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21
Q

What is an important feature of the ethmoid bone?

A

Crista Galli and cribriform plate. (crista galli means cocks comb)

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22
Q

What does contraction of the pterygoid muscle do?

A

Elevates the mandible (jaw closing) and moves it forward (protrusion)

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23
Q

Where do the pterygoid muscles attach?

A

Pterygoid plate

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24
Q

Where does the temporal mandibular joint of the mandible sit?

A

in the mandibular fossa

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25
Q

What is the function of the occipital condyles in occipital bone?

A

To articulate with the C1 (atlas) vertebra- superior facets

26
Q

What does the coronal suture connect?

A

The frontal with parietal bone

27
Q

What does the squamous suture connect?

A

Parietal with temporal bones

28
Q

What does the lambdoid suture connect?

A

Parietal bone with occipital

29
Q

What does the sagittal suture connect?

A

The right and left parts of the parietal bone

30
Q

What is the attachment site for the masseter muscle?

A

Ramus and angle

31
Q

What is the attachment site for the pterygoid muscle?

A

Internal angle

32
Q

What process is reabsorbed if you lose adult teeth?

A

The alveolar process;houses the tooth

33
Q

What is the most variable region of the mandible?

A

Mandibular sympysis as the most stress is placed on this when chewing

34
Q

When do sutures form?

A

After the fontanelles have fused

35
Q

What is the function of fontanelles?

A

Allow passage through birth canal and post natal growth (anterior and posterior fontanelle)

36
Q

What is the weakest part of the skull?

A

Pterion (H shaped suture)

37
Q

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

A

Aids with swallowing and speech

  • Only bone not to articulate with another bone
  • Provides major muscle attachment with muscles of pharynx and of the neck
38
Q

What vertebral level is the hyoid bone?

A

C3

39
Q

Where does the hyoid bone attach?

A

To the larynx below and pharynx posteriorly

40
Q

What does the obicularis oculi do?

A

Closes the eye

41
Q

What does the occipitofronalis muscle do?

A

Raises the eyebrows

42
Q

What does the buccinator and obicularis oris do?

A

Blows out the cheeks with pout

43
Q

What does the obcularis oris do?

A

Just pouts the mouth

44
Q

What are the major muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve. (V3)

45
Q

What are the jaw closing muscles?

A

Temporalis, Masseter (attaches on mandible and zygomatic bone) and medial pterygoid

46
Q

What is the jaw opening muscle?

A

Lateral pterygoid

47
Q

Do all the muscles of mastication produce the same force?

A

NO they all produce different forces to be in dynamic equilibrium.

48
Q

What does the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) do?

A

Helps elevation and depression, protrusion, retrusion, lateral deviation

49
Q

What is lateral deviation?

A

one condyle will protrude whilst opposite condyle will spin around vertical axis (ispilateral-same side or contralateral opposite sides)

50
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Superior constrictor, middle constrictor and inferior constrictor (2 parts)

51
Q

Where does the superior constrictor attach?

A

To the oropharynx

52
Q

Where does the middle constrictor attach?

A

Laryngopharynx

53
Q

Where does the inferior constrictor attach?

A

Laryngopharynx

54
Q

What does the first part of the inferior constrictor consist of ?

A

superior component (thyropharyngeus) - oblique fibres that attach to THYROID CARTILAGE (adams apple)

55
Q

What does the second part of the inferior constricro consist of ?

A

inferior compartment (circopharyngeus).Has horizontal fibres that attach to cricoid cartilage(cartilage links larynx with trachea)

56
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the pharynx?

A

Elevators and depressors ; suprahyoid and infrahyoid groups of muscles, and stylopharyngeus muscle

57
Q

What does the suprahyoid group of muscles consist of?

A

Mylohydoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid (MSdG)

58
Q

What does the infrahyoid group of muscles consist of?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid (OSTS)

59
Q

What elevates the larynx?

A

Suprahyoid and stylopharyngeus muscles

60
Q

What depresses the larynx?

A

Infrahyoid muscles

BMS2011 ANATOMY (12 decks)

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